ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2006. Preventive Chemotherapy in Human Helminthiasis: Coordinated Use of Anthelminthic Drugs in Control Interventions: A Manual for Health Professionals and Programme Managers. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
2.
Savioli L, Gabrielli AF, Montresor A, Chitsulo L, Engels D, 2009. Schistosomiasis control in Africa: 8 years after World Health Assembly Resolution 54.19. Parasitoloty 136: 1677–1681.
-
3.
Gutman J, Fagbemi A., Alphonsus K, Eigege A, Miri ES, Richards FO Jr, 2008. Missed treatment opportunities for schistosomiasis mansoni, in an active programme for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in Plateau and Nasarawa states, Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102: 335–346.
-
4.
King JD, Eigege A, Richards FO, Jip N, Umaru J, Deming M, Miri E, McFarland D, Emerson P, 2009. Integrating NTD mapping protocols: can surveys for trachoma and urinary schistosomiasis be done simultaneously? Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 793–798.
-
5.
King CH, Sturrock RF, Kariuki HC, Hamburger J, 2006. Transmission control for schistosomiasis—why it matters now. Trends Parasitol 22: 575–582.
-
6.
King CH, Dickman K, Tisch DJ, 2005. Reassessment of the cost of chronic helminthic infection: a meta-analysis of disability-related outcomes in endemic schistosomiasis. Lancet 365: 1561–1569.
-
7.
Gray DJ, McManus DP, Li Y, Williams GM, Bergquist R, Ross AG, 2010. Schistosomiasis elimination: lessons from the past guide the future. Lancet Infect Dis 10: 733–736.
-
8.
World Health Organization, 2012. Meeting of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication, April 2012. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 87: 305–309.
-
9.
Downs JA, Mguta C, Kaatano GM, Mitchell KB, Bang H, Simplice H, Kalluvya SE, Changlucha JM, Johnson WD Jr, Fitzgerald DW, 2011. Urogenital schistosomiasis in women of reproductive age in Tanzania's Lake Victoria region. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 362–369.
-
10.
Da'dara AA, Harn DA, 2010. Elimination of helminth infection restores HIV-1c vaccine-specific T cell responses independent of helminth-induced IL-10. Vaccine 28: 1310–1317.
-
11.
Savardekar LS, Balaiah D, Mali BN, 2010. Association of Schistosoma haematobium and human papillomavirus incervical cancer: a case report. Acta Cytol 54: 205–208.
-
12.
Lyons B, Stothard R, Rollinson D, Khamis S, Simai KA, Hunter PR, 2009. A comparsion of urinary tract pathology and morbidity in adult populations from endemic and non-endmeic zones for urinary schistosomiasis on Unguja Island, Zanzibar. BMC Infect Dis 9: 189.
-
13.
Kjetland EF, Leutsher PDC, Ndhlovu PD, 2012. A review of female genital schistosomiasis. Trends Parasitol 28: 58–65.
-
14.
Richards FO, Eigege A, Miri ES, Jinadu MY, Hopkins DR, 2006. Integration of mass drug administration programmes in Nigeria: the challenge of schistosomiasis. Bull World Health Organ 84: 673–676.
-
15.
Fatiregun AA, Osungbabe KO, Olumide AE, 2009. Cost-effectiveness of screening methods for urinary schistosomiasis in a school-based control programme in Ibadan, Nigeria. Health Policy 89: 72–77.
-
16.
Kolaczinski JH, Hanson K, Robinson E, Picon D, Sabasio A, Mpakanteni M, Lado M, Moore S, Petty N, Brooker S, 2010. Integrated surveys of neglected tropical diseases in southern Sudan: how much do they cost and can they be refined? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e745.
-
17.
Guo J, Booth M, Jenkins J, Wang H, Tanner M, 1998. Field activity cost estimates for the first 3 years of the World Bank loan project for schistosomiasis control in China. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Hlth 29: 706–713.
-
18.
Wang L, Chen H, Guo J, Zeng X, Hong X, Xiong J, Wu X, Wang X, Wang L, Xia G, Hao Y, Chin D, Zhou X, 2009. A strategy to control transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China. N Engl J Med 360: 121–128.
-
19.
Salem S, Mitchell RI, El-Alim El-Dorey A, Smith JA, Barocas DA, 2011. Successful control of schistosomiasis and the changing epidemiology of bladder cancer in Egypt. BJU Int 107: 206–211.
-
20.
World Health Organization, 2012. Schistosomiasis: population requiring preventive chemotherapy and number of people treated in 2010. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 27: 37–44.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 546 | 510 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 387 | 9 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 91 | 9 | 1 |
Assessing the WHO 50% Prevalence Threshold in School-Aged Children as Indication for Treatment of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Adults in Central Nigeria
Darin S. Evans
Darin S. Evans
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center Nigeria, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria; Plateau State Ministry of Health, Plateau State Secretariat, Jos, Nigeria; Nasarawa State Ministry of Health, Nasarawa State Secretariat, Lafia, Nigeria
Search for other papers by Darin S. Evans in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Darin S. Evans in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Jonathan D. King
Jonathan D. King
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center Nigeria, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria; Plateau State Ministry of Health, Plateau State Secretariat, Jos, Nigeria; Nasarawa State Ministry of Health, Nasarawa State Secretariat, Lafia, Nigeria
Search for other papers by Jonathan D. King in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jonathan D. King in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abel Eigege
Abel Eigege
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center Nigeria, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria; Plateau State Ministry of Health, Plateau State Secretariat, Jos, Nigeria; Nasarawa State Ministry of Health, Nasarawa State Secretariat, Lafia, Nigeria
Search for other papers by Abel Eigege in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Abel Eigege in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
John Umaru
John Umaru
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center Nigeria, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria; Plateau State Ministry of Health, Plateau State Secretariat, Jos, Nigeria; Nasarawa State Ministry of Health, Nasarawa State Secretariat, Lafia, Nigeria
Search for other papers by John Umaru in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by John Umaru in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
William Adamani
William Adamani
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center Nigeria, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria; Plateau State Ministry of Health, Plateau State Secretariat, Jos, Nigeria; Nasarawa State Ministry of Health, Nasarawa State Secretariat, Lafia, Nigeria
Search for other papers by William Adamani in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by William Adamani in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Kal Alphonsus
Kal Alphonsus
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center Nigeria, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria; Plateau State Ministry of Health, Plateau State Secretariat, Jos, Nigeria; Nasarawa State Ministry of Health, Nasarawa State Secretariat, Lafia, Nigeria
Search for other papers by Kal Alphonsus in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kal Alphonsus in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Yohanna Sambo
Yohanna Sambo
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center Nigeria, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria; Plateau State Ministry of Health, Plateau State Secretariat, Jos, Nigeria; Nasarawa State Ministry of Health, Nasarawa State Secretariat, Lafia, Nigeria
Search for other papers by Yohanna Sambo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yohanna Sambo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Emmanual S. Miri
Emmanual S. Miri
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center Nigeria, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria; Plateau State Ministry of Health, Plateau State Secretariat, Jos, Nigeria; Nasarawa State Ministry of Health, Nasarawa State Secretariat, Lafia, Nigeria
Search for other papers by Emmanual S. Miri in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Emmanual S. Miri in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Danjuma Goshit
Danjuma Goshit
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center Nigeria, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria; Plateau State Ministry of Health, Plateau State Secretariat, Jos, Nigeria; Nasarawa State Ministry of Health, Nasarawa State Secretariat, Lafia, Nigeria
Search for other papers by Danjuma Goshit in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Danjuma Goshit in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Gladys Ogah
Gladys Ogah
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center Nigeria, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria; Plateau State Ministry of Health, Plateau State Secretariat, Jos, Nigeria; Nasarawa State Ministry of Health, Nasarawa State Secretariat, Lafia, Nigeria
Search for other papers by Gladys Ogah in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Gladys Ogah in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Frank O. Richards
Frank O. Richards
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center Nigeria, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria; Plateau State Ministry of Health, Plateau State Secretariat, Jos, Nigeria; Nasarawa State Ministry of Health, Nasarawa State Secretariat, Lafia, Nigeria
Search for other papers by Frank O. Richards in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Frank O. Richards in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel is recommended in adults by the World Health Organization when prevalence of schistosomiasis in school-aged children (SAC) is ≥ 50%. This study ascertained the value of this threshold in predicting prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma hematobium (SH) infection in adults in central Nigeria. We evaluated urogenital schistosomiasis prevalence in 1,164 adults: 659 adults in 12 communities where mean hematuria among SAC in 2008 was 26.6% and 505 adults in 7 communities where the mean hematuria among SAC in 2008 was 70.4%. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups of adults in prevalence of hematuria, prevalence of SH eggs, or intensity of infections. We conclude that, in this setting, the SAC threshold is not useful for treatment decisions in adults. Given the increased risk of subtle morbidity or urogenital schistosomiasis as a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), more liberal treatment of adults with praziquantel is warranted.
Author Notes
Financial support: Mass drug administration was carried out with support from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Health Organization. Praziquantel is donated in Plateau and Nasarawa by E-Merck. The Carter Center works in close collaboration with Federal and State Ministries of Health of Nigeria.
Authors' addresses: Darin S. Evans, The Carter Center, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: dsevans@emory.edu. Jonathan D. King and Frank O. Richards, The Carter Center—Health Programs, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: jdking@emory.edu and frich01@emory.edu. Abel Eigege, John Umaru, William Adamani, Kal Alphonsus, Yohanna Sambo, and Emmanuel S. Miri, The Carter Center—Nigeria, Jos, Nigeria, E-mails: eigegea@yahoo.com, umaruja@yahoo.com, williamadamani@yahoo.com, kalalphonsus@yahoo.com, yohannachusang@yahoo.com, and emmamiri@yahoo.com. Danjuma Goshit, Plateau Ministry of Health—Nigeria, Jos, Nigeria, E-mail: goshitdam@yahoo.com. Gladys Ogah, Nasarawa Ministry of Health—Nigeria, Lafia, Nigeria, E-mail: gladyseogar@yahoo.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2006. Preventive Chemotherapy in Human Helminthiasis: Coordinated Use of Anthelminthic Drugs in Control Interventions: A Manual for Health Professionals and Programme Managers. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
2.
Savioli L, Gabrielli AF, Montresor A, Chitsulo L, Engels D, 2009. Schistosomiasis control in Africa: 8 years after World Health Assembly Resolution 54.19. Parasitoloty 136: 1677–1681.
-
3.
Gutman J, Fagbemi A., Alphonsus K, Eigege A, Miri ES, Richards FO Jr, 2008. Missed treatment opportunities for schistosomiasis mansoni, in an active programme for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in Plateau and Nasarawa states, Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102: 335–346.
-
4.
King JD, Eigege A, Richards FO, Jip N, Umaru J, Deming M, Miri E, McFarland D, Emerson P, 2009. Integrating NTD mapping protocols: can surveys for trachoma and urinary schistosomiasis be done simultaneously? Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 793–798.
-
5.
King CH, Sturrock RF, Kariuki HC, Hamburger J, 2006. Transmission control for schistosomiasis—why it matters now. Trends Parasitol 22: 575–582.
-
6.
King CH, Dickman K, Tisch DJ, 2005. Reassessment of the cost of chronic helminthic infection: a meta-analysis of disability-related outcomes in endemic schistosomiasis. Lancet 365: 1561–1569.
-
7.
Gray DJ, McManus DP, Li Y, Williams GM, Bergquist R, Ross AG, 2010. Schistosomiasis elimination: lessons from the past guide the future. Lancet Infect Dis 10: 733–736.
-
8.
World Health Organization, 2012. Meeting of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication, April 2012. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 87: 305–309.
-
9.
Downs JA, Mguta C, Kaatano GM, Mitchell KB, Bang H, Simplice H, Kalluvya SE, Changlucha JM, Johnson WD Jr, Fitzgerald DW, 2011. Urogenital schistosomiasis in women of reproductive age in Tanzania's Lake Victoria region. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 362–369.
-
10.
Da'dara AA, Harn DA, 2010. Elimination of helminth infection restores HIV-1c vaccine-specific T cell responses independent of helminth-induced IL-10. Vaccine 28: 1310–1317.
-
11.
Savardekar LS, Balaiah D, Mali BN, 2010. Association of Schistosoma haematobium and human papillomavirus incervical cancer: a case report. Acta Cytol 54: 205–208.
-
12.
Lyons B, Stothard R, Rollinson D, Khamis S, Simai KA, Hunter PR, 2009. A comparsion of urinary tract pathology and morbidity in adult populations from endemic and non-endmeic zones for urinary schistosomiasis on Unguja Island, Zanzibar. BMC Infect Dis 9: 189.
-
13.
Kjetland EF, Leutsher PDC, Ndhlovu PD, 2012. A review of female genital schistosomiasis. Trends Parasitol 28: 58–65.
-
14.
Richards FO, Eigege A, Miri ES, Jinadu MY, Hopkins DR, 2006. Integration of mass drug administration programmes in Nigeria: the challenge of schistosomiasis. Bull World Health Organ 84: 673–676.
-
15.
Fatiregun AA, Osungbabe KO, Olumide AE, 2009. Cost-effectiveness of screening methods for urinary schistosomiasis in a school-based control programme in Ibadan, Nigeria. Health Policy 89: 72–77.
-
16.
Kolaczinski JH, Hanson K, Robinson E, Picon D, Sabasio A, Mpakanteni M, Lado M, Moore S, Petty N, Brooker S, 2010. Integrated surveys of neglected tropical diseases in southern Sudan: how much do they cost and can they be refined? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e745.
-
17.
Guo J, Booth M, Jenkins J, Wang H, Tanner M, 1998. Field activity cost estimates for the first 3 years of the World Bank loan project for schistosomiasis control in China. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Hlth 29: 706–713.
-
18.
Wang L, Chen H, Guo J, Zeng X, Hong X, Xiong J, Wu X, Wang X, Wang L, Xia G, Hao Y, Chin D, Zhou X, 2009. A strategy to control transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China. N Engl J Med 360: 121–128.
-
19.
Salem S, Mitchell RI, El-Alim El-Dorey A, Smith JA, Barocas DA, 2011. Successful control of schistosomiasis and the changing epidemiology of bladder cancer in Egypt. BJU Int 107: 206–211.
-
20.
World Health Organization, 2012. Schistosomiasis: population requiring preventive chemotherapy and number of people treated in 2010. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 27: 37–44.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 546 | 510 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 387 | 9 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 91 | 9 | 1 |