- Introduction
- Methods
- DENV preparation.
- DENV titration by plaque assay.
- DENV infection of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
- Construction and processing of mosquito pools.
- DENV NS1 antigen detection using the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag kit.
- DENV RNA detection using RT-PCR and nested PCR.
- DENV detection in mosquito pools by virus isolation.
- Results
- Detection of DENV in mosquito pools under ideal laboratory conditions.
- Detection of DENV in pools containing infected mosquitoes subjected to drying.
- Detection of DENV in pools containing DENV-infected mosquitoes subjected to repeated freezing and thawing.
- Detection of DENV in pools containing DENV-infected mosquitoes subjected to both drying and freezing-thawing.
- Discussion
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Gubler DJ, 2002. The global emergence/resurgence of arboviral diseases as public health problems. Arch Med Res 33: 330–342.
-
3.
Kyle JL, Harris E, 2008. Global spread and persistence of dengue. Annu Rev Microbiol 62: 71–92.
-
4.
Guzman MG, Halstead SB, Artsob H, Buchy P, Farrar J, Gubler DJ, Hunsperger E, Kroeger A, Margolis HS, Martinez E, Nathan MB, Pelegrino JL, Simmons C, Yoksan S, Peeling RW, 2010. Dengue: a continuing global threat. Nat Rev Microbiol 8: S7–S16.
-
5.
Rico-Hesse R, Harrison LM, Salas RA, Tovar D, Nisalak A, Ramos C, Boshell J, de Mesa MT, Nogueira RM, da Rosa AT, 1997. Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas. Virology 230: 244–251.
-
6.
Loroño-Pino MA, Farfán-Ale JA, Zapata-Peraza AL, Rosado-Paredes EP, Flores-Flores LF, Garcia-Rejon JE, Díaz FJ, Blitvich BJ, Andrade-Narváez M, Jiménez-Rios E, Blair CD, Olson KE, Black WC, Beaty BJ, 2004. Introduction of the American/Asian genotype of dengue 2 virus into the Yucatan State of Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71: 485–492.
-
7.
Bennett SN, Drummond AJ, Kapan DD, Suchard MA, Muñoz-Jordán JL, Pybus OG, Holmes EC, Gubler DJ, 2010. Epidemic dynamics revealed in dengue evolution. Mol Biol Evol 27: 811–818.
-
8.
San Martin JL, Brathwaite O, Zambrano B, Solorzano JO, Bouckenooghe A, Dayan GH, Guzman MG, 2010. The epidemiology of dengue in the Americas over the last three decades: a worrisome reality. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 128–135.
-
9.
WHO, 2009. Dengue: Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
10.
Brunkard JM, Robles Lopez JL, Ramirez J, Cifuentes E, Rothenberg SJ, Hunsperger EA, Moore CG, Brussolo RM, Villarreal NA, Haddad BM, 2007. Dengue fever seroprevalence and risk factors, Texas-Mexico border, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1477–1483.
-
11.
Wright WF, Pritt BS, 2012. Update: the diagnosis and management of dengue virus infection in North America. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 73: 215–220.
-
12.
Adalja AA, Sell TK, Bouri N, Franco C, 2012. Lessons learned during dengue outbreaks in the United States, 2001–2011. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 608–614.
-
13.
CDC, 2010. Locally acquired dengue-Key West, Florida, 2009–2010. MMWR 59: 577–581.
-
14.
Wilder-Smith A, Renhorn KE, Tissera H, Abu Bakar S, Alphey L, Kittayapong P, Lindsay S, Logan J, Hatz C, Reiter P, Rocklov J, Byass P, Louis VR, Tozan Y, Massad E, Tenorio A, Lagneau C, L'Ambert G, Brooks D, Wegerdt J, Gubler D, 2012. DengueTools: innovative tools and strategies for the surveillance and control of dengue. Glob Health Action 5: 17273.
-
15.
Eisen L, Beaty BJ, Morrison AC, Scott TW, 2009. Proactive vector control strategies and improved monitoring and evaluation practices for dengue prevention. J Med Entomol 46: 1245–1255.
-
16.
Nasci RS, Gottfried KL, Burkhalter KL, Kulasekera VL, Lambert AJ, Lanciotti RS, Hunt AR, Ryan JR, 2002. Comparison of vero cell plaque assay, TaqMan reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RNA assay, and VecTest antigen assay for detection of West Nile virus in field-collected mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 18: 294–300.
-
17.
Burkhalter KL, Lindsay R, Anderson R, Dibernardo A, Fong W, Nasci RS, 2006. Evaluation of commercial assays for detecting West Nile virus antigen. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22: 64–69.
-
18.
Hildreth SW, Beaty BJ, Maxfield HK, Gilfillan RF, Rosenau BJ, 1984. Detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus and Highlands J virus antigens within mosquito pools by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). II. Retrospective field test of the EIA. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33: 973–980.
-
19.
Hildreth SW, Beaty BJ, Meegan JM, Frazier CL, Shope RE, 1982. Detection of La Crosse arbovirus antigen in mosquito pools: application of chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme immunoassay systems. J Clin Microbiol 15: 879–884.
-
20.
Samuel P, Tyagi BK, 2006. Diagnostic methods for detection and isolation of dengue viruses from vector mosquitoes. Indian J Med Res 123: 615–628.
-
21.
van den Hurk AF, Hall-Mendelin S, Johansen CA, Warrilow D, Ritchie SA, 2012. Evolution of mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance systems in Australia. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012: 325659.
-
22.
García-Rejón J, Loroño-Pino MA, Farfán-Ale JA, Flores-Flores L, Rosado-Paredes E, Rivero-Cárdenas N, Nájera-Vazquez R, Gómez-Carro S, Lira-Zumbardo V, González-Martínez P, Lozano-Fuentes S, Elizondo-Quiroga D, Beaty BJ, Eisen L, 2008. Dengue virus-infected Aedes aegypti in the home environment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 940–950.
-
23.
Salazar MI, Richardson JH, Sánchez-Vargas I, Olson KE, Beaty BJ, 2007. Dengue virus type 2: replication and tropisms in orally infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. BMC Microbiol 7: 9.
-
24.
Johansen CA, Hall RA, van den Hurk AF, Ritchie SA, Mackenzie JS, 2002. Detection and stability of Japanese encephalitis virus RNA and virus viability in dead infected mosquitoes under different storage conditions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 656–661.
-
25.
Bangs MJ, Tan R, Listiyaningsih E, Kay BH, Porter KR, 2001. Detection of dengue viral RNA in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) exposed to sticky lures using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. J Med Entomol 38: 720–724.
-
26.
Chow VT, Chan YC, Yong R, Lee KM, Lim LK, Chung YK, Lam-Phua SG, Tan BT, 1998. Monitoring of dengue viruses in field-caught Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes by a type-specific polymerase chain reaction and cycle sequencing. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58: 578–586.
-
27.
Mavale M, Sudeep A, Gokhale M, Hundekar S, Parashar D, Ghodke Y, Arankalle V, Mishra AC, 2012. Persistence of viral RNA in chikungunya virus-infected Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes after prolonged storage at 28°C. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 178–180.
-
28.
Tan CH, Wong PS, Li MZ, Vythilingam I, Ng LC, 2011. Evaluation of the dengue NS1 Ag Strip for detection of dengue virus antigen in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11: 789–792.
-
29.
Muller DA, Frentiu FD, Rojas A, Moreira LA, O'Neill SL, Young PR, 2012. A portable approach for the surveillance of dengue virus-infected mosquitoes. J Virol Methods 183: 90–93.
-
30.
Sánchez-Vargas I, Scott JC, Poole-Smith BK, Franz AW, Barbosa-Solomieu V, Wilusz J, Olson KE, Blair CD, 2009. Dengue virus type 2 infections of Aedes aegypti are modulated by the mosquito's RNA interference pathway. PLoS Pathog 5: e1000299.
-
31.
Khoo CC, Piper J, Sánchez-Vargas I, Olson KE, Franz AW, 2010. The RNA interference pathway affects midgut infection- and escape barriers for Sindbis virus in Aedes aegypti. BMC Microbiol 10: 130.
-
32.
Bennett KE, Olson KE, Muñoz ML, Fernández-Salas I, Farfán-Ale JA, Higgs S, Black WC, Beaty BJ, 2002. Variation in vector competence for dengue 2 virus among 24 collections of Aedes aegypti from Mexico and the United States. Am J Med Trop Hyg 67: 85–92.
-
33.
Ramirez JL, Souza-Neto J, Torres Cosme R, Rovira J, Ortiz A, Pascale JM, Dimopoulos G, 2012. Reciprocal tripartite interactions between the Aedes aegypti midgut microbiota, innate immune system and dengue virus influences vector competence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1561.
-
34.
Bessoff K, Phoutrides E, Delorey M, Acosta LN, Hunsperger E, 2010. Utility of a commercial nonstructural protein 1 antigen capture kit as a dengue virus diagnostic tool. Clin Vaccine Immunol 17: 949–953.
-
35.
Seah CL, Chow VT, Tan HC, Can YC, 1995. Rapid, single-step RT-PCR typing of dengue viruses using five NS3 gene primers. J Virol Methods 51: 193–200.
-
36.
Seah CL, Chow VT, Chan YC, 1995. Semi-nested PCR using NS3 primers for the detection and typing of dengue viruses in clinical serum specimens. Clin Diagn Virol 4: 113–120.
-
37.
Guzman MG, Jaenisch T, Gaczkowski R, Ty Hang VT, Sekaran SD, Kroeger A, Vazquez S, Ruiz D, Martinez E, Mercado JC, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Dimano E, Leano PS, Yoksan S, Villegas E, Benduzu H, Villalobos I, Farrar J, Simmons CP, 2010. Multi-country evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of two commercially-available NS1 ELISA assays for dengue diagnosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e811.
-
38.
Puttikhunt C, Prommool T, Ut N, Ong-ajchaowlerd P, Yoosook K, Tawilert C, Duangchinda T, Jairangsri A, Tangthawornchaikul N, Malasit P, Kasinrerk W, 2011. The development of a novel serotyping-NS1-ELISA to identify serotypes of dengue virus. J Clin Virol 50: 314–319.
-
39.
Ding X, Hu D, Chen Y, Di B, Jin J, Pan Y, Qiu L, Wang Y, Wen K, Wang M, Che X, 2011. Full serotype- and group-specific NS1 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid differential diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Clin Vaccine Immunol 18: 430–434.
-
40.
Hildreth SW, Beaty BJ, 1987. Economic comparison of enzyme immunoassay and virus isolation procedures for surveillance of arboviruses in mosquito populations. J Clin Microbiol 25: 976–981.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 543 | 455 | 66 |
| Full Text Views | 1047 | 16 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 175 | 10 | 1 |
Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Antigen in Infected Aedes aegypti Using a Commercially Available Kit
Natalia V. Voge
Natalia V. Voge
Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Irma Sánchez-Vargas
Irma Sánchez-Vargas
Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Carol D. Blair
Carol D. Blair
Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Lars Eisen
Lars Eisen
Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Barry J. Beaty
Barry J. Beaty
Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Epidemic dengue has emerged throughout the tropical world. In the continued absence of a vaccine against dengue virus (DENV), mosquito vector surveillance and control programs are essential to reduce human infections. An effective test to detect DENV in infected mosquitoes would be a valuable addition to the surveillance effort. We investigated DENV detection in infected Aedes aegypti using a commercially available DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) ELISA kit (Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag), and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and virus isolation assays. The DENV-infected mosquitoes were subjected to field-relevant conditions and assayed individually and pooled with uninfected mosquitoes. Overall, DENV NS1 antigen was detected in 98% of infected mosquitoes/pools versus 79% for RT-PCR and 29% for virus isolation. Our results indicate that NS1 is an excellent analyte for detection of DENV in Ae. aegypti and that the tested NS1 antigen kit provides a sensitive, rapid, and convenient test for DENV surveillance in mosquitoes.
Author Notes
Financial support: This research was supported by the Rocky Mountain Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID grant U54-AI-065357), and by the NIH/NIAID International Collaborations in Infectious Disease Research Program (U01-AI-088647). Natalia V. Voge was supported partially by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Mexico, and by Colorado State University.
Authors' addresses: Natalia V. Voge, Irma Sánchez-Vargas, Carol D. Blair, Lars Eisen, and Barry J. Beaty, Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, E-mails: Natalia.Voge@colostate.edu, Irma.Sanchez-Vargas@colostate.edu, Lars.Eisen@colostate.edu, Carol.Blair@colostate.edu, and Barry.Beaty@colostate.edu.
- Introduction
- Methods
- DENV preparation.
- DENV titration by plaque assay.
- DENV infection of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
- Construction and processing of mosquito pools.
- DENV NS1 antigen detection using the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag kit.
- DENV RNA detection using RT-PCR and nested PCR.
- DENV detection in mosquito pools by virus isolation.
- Results
- Detection of DENV in mosquito pools under ideal laboratory conditions.
- Detection of DENV in pools containing infected mosquitoes subjected to drying.
- Detection of DENV in pools containing DENV-infected mosquitoes subjected to repeated freezing and thawing.
- Detection of DENV in pools containing DENV-infected mosquitoes subjected to both drying and freezing-thawing.
- Discussion
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Gubler DJ, 2002. The global emergence/resurgence of arboviral diseases as public health problems. Arch Med Res 33: 330–342.
-
3.
Kyle JL, Harris E, 2008. Global spread and persistence of dengue. Annu Rev Microbiol 62: 71–92.
-
4.
Guzman MG, Halstead SB, Artsob H, Buchy P, Farrar J, Gubler DJ, Hunsperger E, Kroeger A, Margolis HS, Martinez E, Nathan MB, Pelegrino JL, Simmons C, Yoksan S, Peeling RW, 2010. Dengue: a continuing global threat. Nat Rev Microbiol 8: S7–S16.
-
5.
Rico-Hesse R, Harrison LM, Salas RA, Tovar D, Nisalak A, Ramos C, Boshell J, de Mesa MT, Nogueira RM, da Rosa AT, 1997. Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas. Virology 230: 244–251.
-
6.
Loroño-Pino MA, Farfán-Ale JA, Zapata-Peraza AL, Rosado-Paredes EP, Flores-Flores LF, Garcia-Rejon JE, Díaz FJ, Blitvich BJ, Andrade-Narváez M, Jiménez-Rios E, Blair CD, Olson KE, Black WC, Beaty BJ, 2004. Introduction of the American/Asian genotype of dengue 2 virus into the Yucatan State of Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71: 485–492.
-
7.
Bennett SN, Drummond AJ, Kapan DD, Suchard MA, Muñoz-Jordán JL, Pybus OG, Holmes EC, Gubler DJ, 2010. Epidemic dynamics revealed in dengue evolution. Mol Biol Evol 27: 811–818.
-
8.
San Martin JL, Brathwaite O, Zambrano B, Solorzano JO, Bouckenooghe A, Dayan GH, Guzman MG, 2010. The epidemiology of dengue in the Americas over the last three decades: a worrisome reality. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 128–135.
-
9.
WHO, 2009. Dengue: Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
10.
Brunkard JM, Robles Lopez JL, Ramirez J, Cifuentes E, Rothenberg SJ, Hunsperger EA, Moore CG, Brussolo RM, Villarreal NA, Haddad BM, 2007. Dengue fever seroprevalence and risk factors, Texas-Mexico border, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1477–1483.
-
11.
Wright WF, Pritt BS, 2012. Update: the diagnosis and management of dengue virus infection in North America. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 73: 215–220.
-
12.
Adalja AA, Sell TK, Bouri N, Franco C, 2012. Lessons learned during dengue outbreaks in the United States, 2001–2011. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 608–614.
-
13.
CDC, 2010. Locally acquired dengue-Key West, Florida, 2009–2010. MMWR 59: 577–581.
-
14.
Wilder-Smith A, Renhorn KE, Tissera H, Abu Bakar S, Alphey L, Kittayapong P, Lindsay S, Logan J, Hatz C, Reiter P, Rocklov J, Byass P, Louis VR, Tozan Y, Massad E, Tenorio A, Lagneau C, L'Ambert G, Brooks D, Wegerdt J, Gubler D, 2012. DengueTools: innovative tools and strategies for the surveillance and control of dengue. Glob Health Action 5: 17273.
-
15.
Eisen L, Beaty BJ, Morrison AC, Scott TW, 2009. Proactive vector control strategies and improved monitoring and evaluation practices for dengue prevention. J Med Entomol 46: 1245–1255.
-
16.
Nasci RS, Gottfried KL, Burkhalter KL, Kulasekera VL, Lambert AJ, Lanciotti RS, Hunt AR, Ryan JR, 2002. Comparison of vero cell plaque assay, TaqMan reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RNA assay, and VecTest antigen assay for detection of West Nile virus in field-collected mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 18: 294–300.
-
17.
Burkhalter KL, Lindsay R, Anderson R, Dibernardo A, Fong W, Nasci RS, 2006. Evaluation of commercial assays for detecting West Nile virus antigen. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22: 64–69.
-
18.
Hildreth SW, Beaty BJ, Maxfield HK, Gilfillan RF, Rosenau BJ, 1984. Detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus and Highlands J virus antigens within mosquito pools by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). II. Retrospective field test of the EIA. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33: 973–980.
-
19.
Hildreth SW, Beaty BJ, Meegan JM, Frazier CL, Shope RE, 1982. Detection of La Crosse arbovirus antigen in mosquito pools: application of chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme immunoassay systems. J Clin Microbiol 15: 879–884.
-
20.
Samuel P, Tyagi BK, 2006. Diagnostic methods for detection and isolation of dengue viruses from vector mosquitoes. Indian J Med Res 123: 615–628.
-
21.
van den Hurk AF, Hall-Mendelin S, Johansen CA, Warrilow D, Ritchie SA, 2012. Evolution of mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance systems in Australia. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012: 325659.
-
22.
García-Rejón J, Loroño-Pino MA, Farfán-Ale JA, Flores-Flores L, Rosado-Paredes E, Rivero-Cárdenas N, Nájera-Vazquez R, Gómez-Carro S, Lira-Zumbardo V, González-Martínez P, Lozano-Fuentes S, Elizondo-Quiroga D, Beaty BJ, Eisen L, 2008. Dengue virus-infected Aedes aegypti in the home environment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 940–950.
-
23.
Salazar MI, Richardson JH, Sánchez-Vargas I, Olson KE, Beaty BJ, 2007. Dengue virus type 2: replication and tropisms in orally infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. BMC Microbiol 7: 9.
-
24.
Johansen CA, Hall RA, van den Hurk AF, Ritchie SA, Mackenzie JS, 2002. Detection and stability of Japanese encephalitis virus RNA and virus viability in dead infected mosquitoes under different storage conditions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 656–661.
-
25.
Bangs MJ, Tan R, Listiyaningsih E, Kay BH, Porter KR, 2001. Detection of dengue viral RNA in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) exposed to sticky lures using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. J Med Entomol 38: 720–724.
-
26.
Chow VT, Chan YC, Yong R, Lee KM, Lim LK, Chung YK, Lam-Phua SG, Tan BT, 1998. Monitoring of dengue viruses in field-caught Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes by a type-specific polymerase chain reaction and cycle sequencing. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58: 578–586.
-
27.
Mavale M, Sudeep A, Gokhale M, Hundekar S, Parashar D, Ghodke Y, Arankalle V, Mishra AC, 2012. Persistence of viral RNA in chikungunya virus-infected Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes after prolonged storage at 28°C. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 178–180.
-
28.
Tan CH, Wong PS, Li MZ, Vythilingam I, Ng LC, 2011. Evaluation of the dengue NS1 Ag Strip for detection of dengue virus antigen in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11: 789–792.
-
29.
Muller DA, Frentiu FD, Rojas A, Moreira LA, O'Neill SL, Young PR, 2012. A portable approach for the surveillance of dengue virus-infected mosquitoes. J Virol Methods 183: 90–93.
-
30.
Sánchez-Vargas I, Scott JC, Poole-Smith BK, Franz AW, Barbosa-Solomieu V, Wilusz J, Olson KE, Blair CD, 2009. Dengue virus type 2 infections of Aedes aegypti are modulated by the mosquito's RNA interference pathway. PLoS Pathog 5: e1000299.
-
31.
Khoo CC, Piper J, Sánchez-Vargas I, Olson KE, Franz AW, 2010. The RNA interference pathway affects midgut infection- and escape barriers for Sindbis virus in Aedes aegypti. BMC Microbiol 10: 130.
-
32.
Bennett KE, Olson KE, Muñoz ML, Fernández-Salas I, Farfán-Ale JA, Higgs S, Black WC, Beaty BJ, 2002. Variation in vector competence for dengue 2 virus among 24 collections of Aedes aegypti from Mexico and the United States. Am J Med Trop Hyg 67: 85–92.
-
33.
Ramirez JL, Souza-Neto J, Torres Cosme R, Rovira J, Ortiz A, Pascale JM, Dimopoulos G, 2012. Reciprocal tripartite interactions between the Aedes aegypti midgut microbiota, innate immune system and dengue virus influences vector competence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1561.
-
34.
Bessoff K, Phoutrides E, Delorey M, Acosta LN, Hunsperger E, 2010. Utility of a commercial nonstructural protein 1 antigen capture kit as a dengue virus diagnostic tool. Clin Vaccine Immunol 17: 949–953.
-
35.
Seah CL, Chow VT, Tan HC, Can YC, 1995. Rapid, single-step RT-PCR typing of dengue viruses using five NS3 gene primers. J Virol Methods 51: 193–200.
-
36.
Seah CL, Chow VT, Chan YC, 1995. Semi-nested PCR using NS3 primers for the detection and typing of dengue viruses in clinical serum specimens. Clin Diagn Virol 4: 113–120.
-
37.
Guzman MG, Jaenisch T, Gaczkowski R, Ty Hang VT, Sekaran SD, Kroeger A, Vazquez S, Ruiz D, Martinez E, Mercado JC, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Dimano E, Leano PS, Yoksan S, Villegas E, Benduzu H, Villalobos I, Farrar J, Simmons CP, 2010. Multi-country evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of two commercially-available NS1 ELISA assays for dengue diagnosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e811.
-
38.
Puttikhunt C, Prommool T, Ut N, Ong-ajchaowlerd P, Yoosook K, Tawilert C, Duangchinda T, Jairangsri A, Tangthawornchaikul N, Malasit P, Kasinrerk W, 2011. The development of a novel serotyping-NS1-ELISA to identify serotypes of dengue virus. J Clin Virol 50: 314–319.
-
39.
Ding X, Hu D, Chen Y, Di B, Jin J, Pan Y, Qiu L, Wang Y, Wen K, Wang M, Che X, 2011. Full serotype- and group-specific NS1 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid differential diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Clin Vaccine Immunol 18: 430–434.
-
40.
Hildreth SW, Beaty BJ, 1987. Economic comparison of enzyme immunoassay and virus isolation procedures for surveillance of arboviruses in mosquito populations. J Clin Microbiol 25: 976–981.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 543 | 455 | 66 |
| Full Text Views | 1047 | 16 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 175 | 10 | 1 |