A Cluster-Randomized Trial of Insecticide-Treated Curtains for Dengue Vector Control in Thailand

Audrey Lenhart Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Entomology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Bureau of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

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Yuwadee Trongtokit Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Entomology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Bureau of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

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Neal Alexander Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Entomology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Bureau of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

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Chamnarn Apiwathnasorn Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Entomology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Bureau of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

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Wichai Satimai Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Entomology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Bureau of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

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Veerle Vanlerberghe Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Entomology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Bureau of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

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Patrick Van der Stuyft Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Entomology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Bureau of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

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Philip J. McCall Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Entomology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Bureau of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

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The efficacy of insecticide-treated window curtains (ITCs) for dengue vector control was evaluated in Thailand in a cluster-randomized controlled trial. A total of 2,037 houses in 26 clusters was randomized to receive the intervention or act as control (no treatment). Entomological surveys measured Aedes infestations (Breteau index, house index, container index, and pupae per person index) and oviposition indices (mean numbers of eggs laid in oviposition traps) immediately before and after intervention, and at 3-month intervals over 12 months. There were no consistent statistically significant differences in entomological indices between intervention and control clusters, although oviposition indices were lower (P < 0.01) in ITC clusters during the wet season. It is possible that the open housing structures in the study reduced the likelihood of mosquitoes making contact with ITCs. ITCs deployed in a region where this house design is common may be unsuitable for dengue vector control.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Philip J. McCall, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom. E-mail: mccall@liv.ac.uk

Financial support: This research was undertaken within the DENCO (Dengue Control - Towards Successful Dengue Prevention and Control) project financed within the 6th Framework Programme of the European Commission (INCO-CT-2004-517708).

Authors' addresses: Audrey Lenhart, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: ajl8@cdc.gov. Yuwadee Trongtokit, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanuloke Province, Thailand, E-mail: ytrongtokit@gmail.com. Neal Alexander, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, E-mail: neal.alexander@lshtm.ac.uk. Chamnarn Apiwathnasorn, Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: tmcaw@mahidol.ac.th. Wichai Satimai, Bureau of Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: wichaisatimai@yahoo.co.th. Veerle Vanlerberghe and Patrick Van der Stuyft, Epidemiology and Disease Control Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, E-mails: vvanlerberghe@itg.be and pvdstuyft@itg.be. Philip J. McCall, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK, E-mail: mccall@liv.ac.uk.

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