ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
2.
Noisakran S, Chokephaibulkit K, Songprakhon P, Onlamoon N, Hsiao HM, Villinger F, Ansari A, Perng GC, 2009. A re-evaluation of the mechanisms leading to dengue hemorrhagic fever. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1171 (Suppl 1): E24–E35.
-
3.
Chaturvedi UC, Agarwal R, Elbishbishi EA, Mustafa AS, 2000. Cytokine cascade in dengue hemorrhagic fever: implications for pathogenesis. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 28: 183–188.
-
4.
Becquart P, Wauquier N, Nkoghe D, Ndjoyi-Mbiguino A, Padilla C, Souris M, Leroy EM, 2010. Acute dengue virus 2 infection in Gabonese patients is associated with an early innate immune response, including strong interferon alpha production. BMC Infect Dis 10: 356.
-
5.
Sathupan P, Khongphattanayothin A, Srisai J, Srikaew K, Poovorawan Y, 2007. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor leading to vascular leakage in children with dengue virus infection. Ann Trop Paediatr 27: 179–184.
-
6.
Seet RC, Chow AW, Quek AM, Chan YH, Lim EC, 2009. Relationship between circulating vascular endothelial growth factor and its soluble receptors in adults with dengue virus infection: a case-control study. Int J Infect Dis 13: e248–e253.
-
7.
Srikiatkhachorn A, Ajariyakhajorn C, Endy TP, Kalayanarooj S, Libraty DH, Green S, Ennis FA, Rothman AL, 2007. Virus-induced decline in soluble vascular endothelial growth receptor 2 is associated with plasma leakage in dengue hemorrhagic fever. J Virol 81: 1592–1600.
-
8.
Tseng CS, Lo HW, Teng HC, Lo WC, Ker CG, 2005. Elevated levels of plasma VEGF in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 43: 99–102.
-
9.
van Meurs M, Kumpers P, Ligtenberg JJ, Meertens JH, Molema G, Zijlstra JG, 2009. Bench-to-bedside review: angiopoietin signalling in critical illness - a future target? Crit Care 13: 207.
-
10.
Thurston G, Rudge JS, Ioffe E, Zhou H, Ross L, Croll SD, Glazer N, Holash J, McDonald DM, Yancopoulos GD, 2000. Angiopoietin-1 protects the adult vasculature against plasma leakage. Nat Med 6: 460–463.
-
11.
Fiedler U, Reiss Y, Scharpfenecker M, Grunow V, Koidl S, Thurston G, Gale NW, Witzenrath M, Rosseau S, Suttorp N, Sobke A, Herrmann M, Preissner KT, Vajkoczy P, Augustin HG, 2006. Angiopoietin-2 sensitizes endothelial cells to TNF-alpha and has a crucial role in the induction of inflammation. Nat Med 12: 235–239.
-
12.
Fiedler U, Scharpfenecker M, Koidl S, Hegen A, Grunow V, Schmidt JM, Kriz W, Thurston G, Augustin HG, 2004. The Tie-2 ligand angiopoietin-2 is stored in and rapidly released upon stimulation from endothelial cell Weibel-Palade bodies. Blood 103: 4150–4156.
-
13.
Li JJ, Huang YQ, Basch R, Karpatkin S, 2001. Thrombin induces the release of angiopoietin-1 from platelets. Thromb Haemost 85: 204–206.
-
14.
Nachman RL, Rafii S, 2008. Platelets, petechiae, and preservation of the vascular wall. N Engl J Med 359: 1261–1270.
-
15.
Sosothikul D, Seksarn P, Pongsewalak S, Thisyakorn U, Lusher J, 2007. Activation of endothelial cells, coagulation and fibrinolysis in children with dengue virus infection. Thromb Haemost 97: 627–634.
-
16.
Michels M, Djamiatun K, Faradz SM, Koenders MM, de Mast Q, van der Ven AJ, 2011. High plasma mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin levels in children with severe dengue virus infections. J Clin Virol 50: 8–12.
-
17.
Anonymous, 1997. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/dengue/itoviii.pdf.
-
18.
Panzer S, Rosales S, Gisslinger H, Jungbauer L, Kaider A, Knöbl P, Sillaber C, Pabinger I, 2008. Plasma levels of P-selectin are determined by platelet turn-over and the P-selectin Thr715Pro polymorphism. Thromb Res 121: 573–579.
-
19.
Hormbrey E, Gillespie P, Turner K, Han C, Roberts A, McGrouther D, Harris AL, 2002. A critical review of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) analysis in peripheral blood: is the current literature meaningful? Clin Exp Metastasis 19: 651–663.
-
20.
Djamiatun K, van der Ven AJ, de Groot PG, Faradz SM, Hapsari D, Dolmans WM, Sebastian S, Fijnheer R, de Mast Q, 2012. Severe dengue is aasociated with consumption of von Willebrand factor and its cleaving enzyme ADAMTS-13. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1628.
-
21.
Rondaij MG, Bierings R, Kragt A, van Mourik JA, Voorberg J, 2006. Dynamics and plasticity of Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26: 1002–1007.
-
22.
Steinberg BE, Goldenberg NM, Lee WL, 2012. Do viral infections mimic bacterial sepsis? The role of microvascular permeability: a review of mechanisms and methods. Antiviral Res 93: 2–15.
-
23.
Dalrymple N, Mackow ER, 2011. Productive dengue virus infection of human endothelial cells is directed by heparan sulfate-containing proteoglycan receptors. J Virol 85: 9478–9485.
-
24.
Brown MG, Hermann LL, Issekutz AC, Marshall JS, Rowter D, Al-Afif A, Anderson R, 2011. Dengue virus infection of mast cells triggers endothelial cell activation. J Virol 85: 1145–1150.
-
25.
Furuta T, Murao LA, Lan NT, Huy NT, Huong VT, Thuy TT, Tham VD, Nga CT, Ha TT, Ohmoto Y, Kikuchi M, Morita K, Yasunami M, Hirayama K, Watanabe N, 2012. Association of mast cell-derived VEGF and proteases in dengue shock syndrome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1505.
-
26.
Conroy AL, Lafferty EI, Lovegrove FE, Krudsood S, Tangpukdee N, Liles WC, Kain KC, 2009. Whole blood angiopoietin-1 and -2 levels discriminate cerebral and severe (non-cerebral) malaria from uncomplicated malaria. Malar J 8: 295.
-
27.
Giuliano JS Jr, Lahni PM, Harmon K, Wong HR, Doughty LA, Carcillo JA, Zingarelli B, Sukhatme VP, Parikh SM, Wheeler DS, 2007. Admission angiopoietin levels in children with septic shock. Shock 28: 650–654.
-
28.
Giuliano JS Jr, Lahni PM, Bigham MT, Manning PB, Nelson DP, Wong HR, Wheeler DS, 2008. Plasma angiopoietin-2 levels increase in children following cardiopulmonary bypass. Intensive Care Med 34: 1851–1857.
-
29.
Lee KW, Lip GY, Blann AD, 2004. Plasma angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, angiopoietin receptor tie-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 110: 2355–2360.
-
30.
Lim HS, Blann AD, Chong AY, Freestone B, Lip GY, 2004. Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2 in diabetes: implications for cardiovascular risk and effects of multifactorial intervention. Diabetes Care 27: 2918–2924.
-
31.
Van der Heijden M, Pickkers P, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, van Hinsbergh VW, Bouw MP, van der Hoeven JG, Groeneveld AB, 2009. Circulating angiopoietin-2 levels in the course of septic shock: relation with fluid balance, pulmonary dysfunction and mortality. Intensive Care Med 35: 1567–1574.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 600 | 478 | 30 |
| Full Text Views | 511 | 3 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 154 | 3 | 0 |
Imbalance of Angiopoietin-1 and Angiopoetin-2 in Severe Dengue and Relationship with Thrombocytopenia, Endothelial Activation, and Vascular Stability
Meta Michels
Meta Michels
Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, and Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Dr. Kariadi Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VUMC-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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André J. A. M. van der Ven
André J. A. M. van der Ven
Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, and Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Dr. Kariadi Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VUMC-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kis Djamiatun
Kis Djamiatun
Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, and Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Dr. Kariadi Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VUMC-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Rob Fijnheer
Rob Fijnheer
Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, and Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Dr. Kariadi Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VUMC-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Philip G. de Groot
Philip G. de Groot
Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, and Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Dr. Kariadi Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VUMC-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Arjan W. Griffioen
Arjan W. Griffioen
Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, and Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Dr. Kariadi Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VUMC-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Silvie Sebastian
Silvie Sebastian
Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, and Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Dr. Kariadi Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VUMC-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sultana M. H. Faradz
Sultana M. H. Faradz
Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, and Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Dr. Kariadi Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VUMC-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Quirijn de Mast
Quirijn de Mast
Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, and Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Dr. Kariadi Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VUMC-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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The pathogenesis of plasma leakage during dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) is largely unknown. Angiopoietins are key regulators of vascular integrity: Angiopoietin-1 is stored in platelets and maintains vascular integrity, and endothelium-derived angiopoietin-2 promotes vascular leakage. We determined angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 levels in a cohort of children in Indonesia with DHF/DSS and related them to plasma leakage markers. Patients with DHF/DSS had reduced angiopoietin-1 and increased angiopoietin-2 plasma levels on the day of admission when compared with levels at discharge and in healthy controls. There was an inverse correlation between angiopoietin-1 and markers of plasma leakage and a positive correlation between angiopoietin-2 and markers of plasma leakage. Angiopoietin-1 levels followed the same trend as the soluble platelet activation marker P-selectin and correlated with platelet counts. Dengue-associated thrombocytopenia and endothelial activation are associated with an imbalance in angiopoietin-2: angiopoietin-1 plasma levels. This imbalance may contribute to the transient plasma leakage in DHF/DSS.
Author Notes
Financial support: M. Michels is supported by a junior researcher grant from the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre.
Disclosure: None of the authors has any commercial or other associations that might pose a conflict of interest.
Authors' addresses: Meta Michels, André J. A. M. van der Ven, and Quirijn de Mast, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, E-mails: m.michels@aig.umcn.nl, a.vanderven@aig.umcn.nl, and q.demast@aig.umcn.nl. Kis Djamiatun, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia, E-mail: ramus64@yahoo.com. Rob Fijnheer, Philip G. de Groot, and Silvie Sebastian, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, E-mails: r.fijnheer@umcutrecht.nl, ph.g.degroot@umcutrecht.nl, and s.a.e.sebastian@umcutrecht.nl. Arjan W. Griffioen, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VUMC-Cancer Centre, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, E-mail: aw.griffioen@vumc.nl. Sultana M. H. Faradz, Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Kariadi Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia, E-mail: smhfaradz@yahoo.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
2.
Noisakran S, Chokephaibulkit K, Songprakhon P, Onlamoon N, Hsiao HM, Villinger F, Ansari A, Perng GC, 2009. A re-evaluation of the mechanisms leading to dengue hemorrhagic fever. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1171 (Suppl 1): E24–E35.
-
3.
Chaturvedi UC, Agarwal R, Elbishbishi EA, Mustafa AS, 2000. Cytokine cascade in dengue hemorrhagic fever: implications for pathogenesis. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 28: 183–188.
-
4.
Becquart P, Wauquier N, Nkoghe D, Ndjoyi-Mbiguino A, Padilla C, Souris M, Leroy EM, 2010. Acute dengue virus 2 infection in Gabonese patients is associated with an early innate immune response, including strong interferon alpha production. BMC Infect Dis 10: 356.
-
5.
Sathupan P, Khongphattanayothin A, Srisai J, Srikaew K, Poovorawan Y, 2007. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor leading to vascular leakage in children with dengue virus infection. Ann Trop Paediatr 27: 179–184.
-
6.
Seet RC, Chow AW, Quek AM, Chan YH, Lim EC, 2009. Relationship between circulating vascular endothelial growth factor and its soluble receptors in adults with dengue virus infection: a case-control study. Int J Infect Dis 13: e248–e253.
-
7.
Srikiatkhachorn A, Ajariyakhajorn C, Endy TP, Kalayanarooj S, Libraty DH, Green S, Ennis FA, Rothman AL, 2007. Virus-induced decline in soluble vascular endothelial growth receptor 2 is associated with plasma leakage in dengue hemorrhagic fever. J Virol 81: 1592–1600.
-
8.
Tseng CS, Lo HW, Teng HC, Lo WC, Ker CG, 2005. Elevated levels of plasma VEGF in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 43: 99–102.
-
9.
van Meurs M, Kumpers P, Ligtenberg JJ, Meertens JH, Molema G, Zijlstra JG, 2009. Bench-to-bedside review: angiopoietin signalling in critical illness - a future target? Crit Care 13: 207.
-
10.
Thurston G, Rudge JS, Ioffe E, Zhou H, Ross L, Croll SD, Glazer N, Holash J, McDonald DM, Yancopoulos GD, 2000. Angiopoietin-1 protects the adult vasculature against plasma leakage. Nat Med 6: 460–463.
-
11.
Fiedler U, Reiss Y, Scharpfenecker M, Grunow V, Koidl S, Thurston G, Gale NW, Witzenrath M, Rosseau S, Suttorp N, Sobke A, Herrmann M, Preissner KT, Vajkoczy P, Augustin HG, 2006. Angiopoietin-2 sensitizes endothelial cells to TNF-alpha and has a crucial role in the induction of inflammation. Nat Med 12: 235–239.
-
12.
Fiedler U, Scharpfenecker M, Koidl S, Hegen A, Grunow V, Schmidt JM, Kriz W, Thurston G, Augustin HG, 2004. The Tie-2 ligand angiopoietin-2 is stored in and rapidly released upon stimulation from endothelial cell Weibel-Palade bodies. Blood 103: 4150–4156.
-
13.
Li JJ, Huang YQ, Basch R, Karpatkin S, 2001. Thrombin induces the release of angiopoietin-1 from platelets. Thromb Haemost 85: 204–206.
-
14.
Nachman RL, Rafii S, 2008. Platelets, petechiae, and preservation of the vascular wall. N Engl J Med 359: 1261–1270.
-
15.
Sosothikul D, Seksarn P, Pongsewalak S, Thisyakorn U, Lusher J, 2007. Activation of endothelial cells, coagulation and fibrinolysis in children with dengue virus infection. Thromb Haemost 97: 627–634.
-
16.
Michels M, Djamiatun K, Faradz SM, Koenders MM, de Mast Q, van der Ven AJ, 2011. High plasma mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin levels in children with severe dengue virus infections. J Clin Virol 50: 8–12.
-
17.
Anonymous, 1997. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/dengue/itoviii.pdf.
-
18.
Panzer S, Rosales S, Gisslinger H, Jungbauer L, Kaider A, Knöbl P, Sillaber C, Pabinger I, 2008. Plasma levels of P-selectin are determined by platelet turn-over and the P-selectin Thr715Pro polymorphism. Thromb Res 121: 573–579.
-
19.
Hormbrey E, Gillespie P, Turner K, Han C, Roberts A, McGrouther D, Harris AL, 2002. A critical review of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) analysis in peripheral blood: is the current literature meaningful? Clin Exp Metastasis 19: 651–663.
-
20.
Djamiatun K, van der Ven AJ, de Groot PG, Faradz SM, Hapsari D, Dolmans WM, Sebastian S, Fijnheer R, de Mast Q, 2012. Severe dengue is aasociated with consumption of von Willebrand factor and its cleaving enzyme ADAMTS-13. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1628.
-
21.
Rondaij MG, Bierings R, Kragt A, van Mourik JA, Voorberg J, 2006. Dynamics and plasticity of Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26: 1002–1007.
-
22.
Steinberg BE, Goldenberg NM, Lee WL, 2012. Do viral infections mimic bacterial sepsis? The role of microvascular permeability: a review of mechanisms and methods. Antiviral Res 93: 2–15.
-
23.
Dalrymple N, Mackow ER, 2011. Productive dengue virus infection of human endothelial cells is directed by heparan sulfate-containing proteoglycan receptors. J Virol 85: 9478–9485.
-
24.
Brown MG, Hermann LL, Issekutz AC, Marshall JS, Rowter D, Al-Afif A, Anderson R, 2011. Dengue virus infection of mast cells triggers endothelial cell activation. J Virol 85: 1145–1150.
-
25.
Furuta T, Murao LA, Lan NT, Huy NT, Huong VT, Thuy TT, Tham VD, Nga CT, Ha TT, Ohmoto Y, Kikuchi M, Morita K, Yasunami M, Hirayama K, Watanabe N, 2012. Association of mast cell-derived VEGF and proteases in dengue shock syndrome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1505.
-
26.
Conroy AL, Lafferty EI, Lovegrove FE, Krudsood S, Tangpukdee N, Liles WC, Kain KC, 2009. Whole blood angiopoietin-1 and -2 levels discriminate cerebral and severe (non-cerebral) malaria from uncomplicated malaria. Malar J 8: 295.
-
27.
Giuliano JS Jr, Lahni PM, Harmon K, Wong HR, Doughty LA, Carcillo JA, Zingarelli B, Sukhatme VP, Parikh SM, Wheeler DS, 2007. Admission angiopoietin levels in children with septic shock. Shock 28: 650–654.
-
28.
Giuliano JS Jr, Lahni PM, Bigham MT, Manning PB, Nelson DP, Wong HR, Wheeler DS, 2008. Plasma angiopoietin-2 levels increase in children following cardiopulmonary bypass. Intensive Care Med 34: 1851–1857.
-
29.
Lee KW, Lip GY, Blann AD, 2004. Plasma angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, angiopoietin receptor tie-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 110: 2355–2360.
-
30.
Lim HS, Blann AD, Chong AY, Freestone B, Lip GY, 2004. Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2 in diabetes: implications for cardiovascular risk and effects of multifactorial intervention. Diabetes Care 27: 2918–2924.
-
31.
Van der Heijden M, Pickkers P, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, van Hinsbergh VW, Bouw MP, van der Hoeven JG, Groeneveld AB, 2009. Circulating angiopoietin-2 levels in the course of septic shock: relation with fluid balance, pulmonary dysfunction and mortality. Intensive Care Med 35: 1567–1574.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 600 | 478 | 30 |
| Full Text Views | 511 | 3 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 154 | 3 | 0 |