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-
1
Michael E, Bundy DA, Grenfell BT, 1996. Reassessing the global prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 112 :409–428.
-
2
Ottesen EA, Duke BO, Karam M, Behbehani K, 1997. Strategies and tools for the control/elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Bull World Health Organ 75 :491–503.
-
3
Molyneux D, Neira M, Liese B, Heymann D, 2001. Elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem: setting the scene for elimination. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 :589–591.
-
4
Ismail MM, Jayakody RL, Weil GJ, Nirmalan N, Jayasinghe KS, Abeyewickrema W, Sheriff MH, Rajaratnam HN, Amarasekera N, de Silva DC, Michalski ML, Dissanaike AS, 1998. Efficacy of single dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin, and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92 :94–97.
-
5
Ismail MM, Jayakody RL, Weil GJ, Fernando D, de Silva MSG, Balasooriya WK, 2001. Long-term efficacy of single-dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin, and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :332–335.
-
6
Horton J, Ottesen E, Lazdins J, Addiss D, Awadzi K, Beach M, Belazario V, Dunyo S, Espinel M, Gyapong J, Hossain M, Ismail M, Jayakody R, Lammie P, Makunde W, Richard-Lenoble D, Selve B, Shenow R, Simonsen P, Wamae C, Weerasooriya M, 2000. An analysis of the safety of the single dose, two drug regimens used in prgrammes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 121 :S147–S160.
-
7
Amaral F, Dreyer G, Figueredo-Silva JN, Cavalcanti A, Samico SC, Santos A, Coutino A, 1994. Live adult worms detected by ultrasound in human bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :753–757.
-
8
Dreyer G, Addiss D, Roberts J, Noroes J, Medeiros Z, 1994. Ultrasonic evidence for stability of adult worm location in bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :558.
-
9
Noroes J, Dreyer G, Santos A, Mendes VG, Medeiros Z, Addiss D, 1997. Assessment of the effect of diethylcarbamazine on adult Wuchereria bancrofti in vivo.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :78–81.
-
10
Faris R, Hussein O, El-Setouhy M, Ramzy RM, Weil GJ, 1998. Bancroftian filariasis in Egypt: Visualization of adult worms and subclinical lymphatic pathology by scrotal ultrasound. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :864–867.
-
11
Tobian A, Tarongka N, Biasor M, Bockarie M, Kazura J, King C, 2003. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound detection and risk factors for filarial-associated hydroceles. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :638–642.
-
12
Mand S, Marfo-Debrekyei Y, Dittrich M, Fischer K, Adjei O, Hoerauf A, 2003. Animated documentation of the filarial dance sign (FDS) in bancroftian filariasis. Filarial J 2 :3.
-
13
El-Setouhy M, Ramzy R, Ahmed E, Kandil A, Hussain O, Farid H, Helmy H, Weil G, 2004. A randomized clinical trial comparing single- and multi-dose combination therapy with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for treatment of Bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :191–196.
-
14
Ramzy RMR, Gad AM, Faris R, Weil GJ, 1991. Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based antigen assay for diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44 :691–695.
-
16
Dreyer G, Figueredo-Silva J, Carvalho K, Amaral F, Ottesen E, 2001. Lymphatic filariasis in children: adenopathy and its evolution in two young girls. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :204–207.
-
17
Dreyer G, Brandao A, Amaral F, Medeiros Z, Addiss D, 1996. Detection by ultrasound of living adult Wuchereria bancrofti in the female breast. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 91 :95–96.
-
18
Kazura J, Greenberg J, Perry R, Weil G, Alpers KDM, 1993. Comparison of single-dose diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin for treatment of bancroftian filariasis in Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :804–811.
-
19
Weil G, Sethumadhavan K, Santhanam S, Jain D, Ghosh T, 1988. Persistence of parasite antigenemia following diethylcarbamazine therapy of bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 38 :589–595.
-
20
Weil G, Lammie P, Richards F, Eberhard M, 1991. Changes in circulating parasite antigen levels after diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin treatment of bancroftian filariasis. J Infect Dis 161 :814–816.
-
21
Taylor M, 2003. Wolbachia in the inflammatory pathogenesis of human filariasis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990 :444–449.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 212 | 190 | 3 |
| Full Text Views | 309 | 3 | 1 |
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DUPLEX DOPPLER SONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE AND ALBENDAZOLE THERAPY ON ADULT FILARIAL WORMS AND ADJACENT HOST TISSUES IN BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS
OMAR HUSSEIN
OMAR HUSSEIN
Department of Radiology, Department of Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine, and Research and Training Center on Vectors of Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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MAGED EL SETOUHY
MAGED EL SETOUHY
Department of Radiology, Department of Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine, and Research and Training Center on Vectors of Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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EHAB S. AHMED
EHAB S. AHMED
Department of Radiology, Department of Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine, and Research and Training Center on Vectors of Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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AMR M. KANDIL
AMR M. KANDIL
Department of Radiology, Department of Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine, and Research and Training Center on Vectors of Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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REDA M. R. RAMZY
REDA M. R. RAMZY
Department of Radiology, Department of Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine, and Research and Training Center on Vectors of Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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HANAN HELMY
HANAN HELMY
Department of Radiology, Department of Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine, and Research and Training Center on Vectors of Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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GARY J. WEIL
GARY J. WEIL
Department of Radiology, Department of Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine, and Research and Training Center on Vectors of Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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We used duplex Doppler sonography to assess effects of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole therapy (DEC/ALB) on adult Wuchereria bancrofti in vivo. The study was performed in clinically normal Egyptian adults with blood microfilaria counts > 80/mL. Motile adult worms were observed before treatment in dilated scrotal lymphatic vessels in 28 of 36 men (78%) and over the proximal extremities in 5 of 22 women (23%). Most worm nests were inactivated in the months following treatment (90% at 12 months). Circulating filarial antigen levels (a marker for living adult worms) also fell dramatically following treatment. Some men had intrascrotal calcifications and/or non-palpable hydroceles detectable by ultrasound before they were treated. New hydroceles and intrascrotal calcifications appeared after treatment in many cases. However, most of these were transient and of no clinical significance. Prevelance rates for hydrocele and intrascrotal calcifications 24 months after treatment were essentially the same as those prior to treatment. These results show that DEC/ALB is highly active against adult W. bancrofti. They also suggest that host responses to dying adult worms are important in the pathogenesis of filarial hydroceles.
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-
1
Michael E, Bundy DA, Grenfell BT, 1996. Reassessing the global prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 112 :409–428.
-
2
Ottesen EA, Duke BO, Karam M, Behbehani K, 1997. Strategies and tools for the control/elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Bull World Health Organ 75 :491–503.
-
3
Molyneux D, Neira M, Liese B, Heymann D, 2001. Elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem: setting the scene for elimination. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 :589–591.
-
4
Ismail MM, Jayakody RL, Weil GJ, Nirmalan N, Jayasinghe KS, Abeyewickrema W, Sheriff MH, Rajaratnam HN, Amarasekera N, de Silva DC, Michalski ML, Dissanaike AS, 1998. Efficacy of single dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin, and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92 :94–97.
-
5
Ismail MM, Jayakody RL, Weil GJ, Fernando D, de Silva MSG, Balasooriya WK, 2001. Long-term efficacy of single-dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin, and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :332–335.
-
6
Horton J, Ottesen E, Lazdins J, Addiss D, Awadzi K, Beach M, Belazario V, Dunyo S, Espinel M, Gyapong J, Hossain M, Ismail M, Jayakody R, Lammie P, Makunde W, Richard-Lenoble D, Selve B, Shenow R, Simonsen P, Wamae C, Weerasooriya M, 2000. An analysis of the safety of the single dose, two drug regimens used in prgrammes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 121 :S147–S160.
-
7
Amaral F, Dreyer G, Figueredo-Silva JN, Cavalcanti A, Samico SC, Santos A, Coutino A, 1994. Live adult worms detected by ultrasound in human bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :753–757.
-
8
Dreyer G, Addiss D, Roberts J, Noroes J, Medeiros Z, 1994. Ultrasonic evidence for stability of adult worm location in bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :558.
-
9
Noroes J, Dreyer G, Santos A, Mendes VG, Medeiros Z, Addiss D, 1997. Assessment of the effect of diethylcarbamazine on adult Wuchereria bancrofti in vivo.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :78–81.
-
10
Faris R, Hussein O, El-Setouhy M, Ramzy RM, Weil GJ, 1998. Bancroftian filariasis in Egypt: Visualization of adult worms and subclinical lymphatic pathology by scrotal ultrasound. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :864–867.
-
11
Tobian A, Tarongka N, Biasor M, Bockarie M, Kazura J, King C, 2003. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound detection and risk factors for filarial-associated hydroceles. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :638–642.
-
12
Mand S, Marfo-Debrekyei Y, Dittrich M, Fischer K, Adjei O, Hoerauf A, 2003. Animated documentation of the filarial dance sign (FDS) in bancroftian filariasis. Filarial J 2 :3.
-
13
El-Setouhy M, Ramzy R, Ahmed E, Kandil A, Hussain O, Farid H, Helmy H, Weil G, 2004. A randomized clinical trial comparing single- and multi-dose combination therapy with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for treatment of Bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :191–196.
-
14
Ramzy RMR, Gad AM, Faris R, Weil GJ, 1991. Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based antigen assay for diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44 :691–695.
-
16
Dreyer G, Figueredo-Silva J, Carvalho K, Amaral F, Ottesen E, 2001. Lymphatic filariasis in children: adenopathy and its evolution in two young girls. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :204–207.
-
17
Dreyer G, Brandao A, Amaral F, Medeiros Z, Addiss D, 1996. Detection by ultrasound of living adult Wuchereria bancrofti in the female breast. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 91 :95–96.
-
18
Kazura J, Greenberg J, Perry R, Weil G, Alpers KDM, 1993. Comparison of single-dose diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin for treatment of bancroftian filariasis in Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :804–811.
-
19
Weil G, Sethumadhavan K, Santhanam S, Jain D, Ghosh T, 1988. Persistence of parasite antigenemia following diethylcarbamazine therapy of bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 38 :589–595.
-
20
Weil G, Lammie P, Richards F, Eberhard M, 1991. Changes in circulating parasite antigen levels after diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin treatment of bancroftian filariasis. J Infect Dis 161 :814–816.
-
21
Taylor M, 2003. Wolbachia in the inflammatory pathogenesis of human filariasis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990 :444–449.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 212 | 190 | 3 |
| Full Text Views | 309 | 3 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 81 | 3 | 1 |