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Tolerance and Efficacy of Single High-Dose Ivermectin for the Treatment of Loiasis
Yves Martin-Prevel
Yves Martin-Prevel
Centre International de Recherches Medicales de Franceville, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Franceville, Gabon
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Jean-Yves Cosnefroy
Jean-Yves Cosnefroy
Centre International de Recherches Medicales de Franceville, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Franceville, Gabon
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Paul Tshipamba
Paul Tshipamba
Centre International de Recherches Medicales de Franceville, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Franceville, Gabon
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Paul Ngari
Paul Ngari
Centre International de Recherches Medicales de Franceville, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Franceville, Gabon
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Jeffrey A. Chodakewitz
Jeffrey A. Chodakewitz
Centre International de Recherches Medicales de Franceville, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Franceville, Gabon
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Margaret Pinder
Margaret Pinder
Centre International de Recherches Medicales de Franceville, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Franceville, Gabon
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A study was carried out in southeastern Gabon to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of single high doses of ivermectin in 31 Loa loa-infected subjects with low-to-moderate parasitemia (7–7,700 microfilaria/ml). The first group of 16 subjects received 300 µg/kg of ivermectin and, seven days later, a second group of 15 received 400 µg/kg. Complete clinical and biological monitoring was carried out during the first 10 days post-treatment and again after one and three months. All subjects continued with their usual activities during the study. The clinical tolerance of treatment was very good, and except in one case, only mild adverse reactions were observed, with pruritus being the most common symptom. There were no significant changes in blood or urine function test results or in hematologic results, except for a pronounced eosinophil reaction. The 400 µg/kg dose of ivermectin equaled or surpassed in tolerance that of 300 µg/kg dose. After treatment, L. loa microfilaremia decreased rapidly to less than 9% of the pretreatment value by day 10. This decrease was enhanced with the 400 µg/kg dose, although differences between the two groups diminished slightly with time. At 100 days post-treatment, the microfilaremia was still at less than 10% of the initial values in the two groups, which may indicate an effect of ivermectin on the adult worms.
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