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Reference Manager
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-
1.
Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Perin J, Rudan I, Lawn JE, Cousens S, Mathers C, Black RE, 2015. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000–13, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis. Lancet 385: 430–440.
-
2.
Kotloff KL et al. 2013. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet 382: 209–222.
-
3.
Breurec S et al. 2016. Etiology and epidemiology of diarrhea in hospitalized children from low income country: a matched case-control study in Central African Republic. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004283.
-
4.
Anderson M, Sansonetti PJ, Marteyn BS, 2016. Shigella diversity and changing landscape: insights for the twenty-first century. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 6: 45.
-
5.
Livio S et al. 2014. Shigella isolates from the global enteric multicenter study inform vaccine development. Clin Infect Dis 59: 933–941.
-
6.
Bercion R, Njuimo SP, Boudjeka PM, Manirakiza A, 2008. Distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of Shigella isolates in Bangui, Central African Republic. Trop Med Int Health 13: 468–471.
-
7.
Qiu S et al. 2015. Shift in serotype distribution of Shigella species in China, 2003–2013. Clin Microbiol Infect 21: 252 e5-8.
-
8.
Bangtrakulnonth A, Vieira AR, Lo Fo Wong DM, Pornreongwong S, Pulsrikarn C, Sawanpanyalert P, Hendriksen RS, Aarestrup FM, 2008. Shigella from humans in Thailand during 1993 to 2006: spatial-time trends in species and serotype distribution. Foodborne Pathog Dis 5: 773–784.
-
9.
Langendorf C, Le Hello S, Moumouni A, Gouali M, Mamaty AA, Grais RF, Weill FX, Page AL, 2015. Enteric bacterial pathogens in children with diarrhea in Niger: diversity and antimicrobial resistance. PLoS One 10: e0120275.
-
10.
Rafai C, Frank T, Manirakiza A, Gaudeuille A, Mbecko JR, Nghario L, Serdouma E, Tekpa B, Garin B, Breurec S, 2015. Dissemination of IncF-type plasmids in multiresistant CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from surgical-site infections in Bangui, Central African Republic. BMC Microbiol 15: 15.
-
11.
Mao Y et al. 2013. Changing trends and serotype distribution of Shigella species in Beijing from 1994 to 2010. Gut Pathog 5: 21.
-
12.
Shakya G, Acharya J, Adhikari S, Rijal N, 2016. Shigellosis in Nepal: 13 years review of nationwide surveillance. J Health Popul Nutr 35: 36.
-
13.
Kahsay AG, Muthupandian S, 2016. A review on serodiversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella species in Africa, Asia and South America, 2001–2014. BMC Res Notes 9: 422.
-
14.
Thompson CN, Duy PT, Baker S, 2015. The rising dominance of Shigella sonnei: an intercontinental shift in the etiology of bacillary dysentery. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003708.
-
15.
Bercion R, Demartin M, Recio C, Massamba PM, Frank T, Escriba JM, Grimont F, Grimont PA, Weill FX, 2006. Molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 causing dysentery outbreaks in Central African Republic, 2003–2004. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100: 1151–1158.
-
16.
Levine MM, 2006. Enteric infections and the vaccines to counter them: future directions. Vaccine 24: 3865–3873.
-
17.
Levine MM, Kotloff KL, Barry EM, Pasetti MF, Sztein MB, 2007. Clinical trials of Shigella vaccines: two steps forward and one step back on a long, hard road. Nat Rev Microbiol 5: 540–553.
-
18.
Noriega FR, Liao FM, Maneval DR, Ren S, Formal SB, Levine MM, 1999. Strategy for cross-protection among Shigella flexneri serotypes. Infect Immun 67: 782–788.
-
19.
von Seidlein L et al. 2006. A multicentre study of Shigella diarrhoea in six Asian countries: disease burden, clinical manifestations, and microbiology. PLoS Med 3: e353.
-
20.
Farzam N, Ramon-Saraf R, Banet-Levi Y, Lerner-Geva L, Ashkenazi S, KublnKielb J, Vinogradov E, Robbins JB, Schneerson R, 2017. Vaccination with Shigella flexneri 2a conjugate induces type 2a and cross-reactive type 6 antibodies in humans but not in mice. Vaccine 35: 4990–4996.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 163 | 112 | 7 |
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Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Shigella Species in Bangui, Central African Republic, from 2002 to 2013
Sebastien Breurec
Sebastien Breurec
Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic;
Faculté de Médecine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France;
Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique et Environnementale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre/les Abymes, Pointe-à-Pitre, France;
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Faculté de Médecine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France;
Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique et Environnementale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre/les Abymes, Pointe-à-Pitre, France;
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Clotaire Rafaï
Clotaire Rafaï
Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic;
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Manuella Onambele
Manuella Onambele
Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic;
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Thierry Frank
Thierry Frank
Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic;
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Alain Farra
Alain Farra
Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic;
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Arnaud Legrand
Arnaud Legrand
Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France;
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François-Xavier Weill
François-Xavier Weill
Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Centre National de Référence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Shigella is a major cause of severe diarrhea in children less than the age of 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to describe the (sub-)serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella serogroups from Centrafrican patients with diarrhea between 2002 and 2013. We collected 443 Shigella isolates in total. The most common serogroups were Shigella flexneri (N = 243, 54.9%), followed by Shigella sonnei (N = 90, 20.3%) and Shigella dysenteriae (N = 72, 16.3%). The high diversity of (sub-)serotypes of S. flexneri and S. dysenteriae may impede the development of an efficient vaccine. Rates of resistance were high for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole but low for many other antimicrobials, confirming recommendations for the use of third-generation cephalosporins (only one organism resistant) and fluoroquinolones (no resistance). However, the detection of one extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Shigella organism highlights the need for continued monitoring of antimicrobial drug susceptibility.
Author Notes
Financial support: The French National Reference Center for Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Salmonella is funded by the Institut Pasteur and Santé Publique France. The Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques belongs to the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence funded by the French Government as part of the Investissement d'Avenir program (grant no. ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID).
Authors’ addresses: Sebastien Breurec, Faculté de Médecine, Universite des Antilles, Pointe-a-Pitre, France, E-mail: sbreurec@gmail.com. Clotaire Rafaï, Manuella Onambele, Thierry Frank, and Alain Farra, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine, E-mails: clotairerafai@yahoo.fr, onambelemanu@yahoo.fr, thierryfrank@yahoo.fr, and farra_alain@yahoo.fr. Arnaud Legrand, DRCI, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France, E-mail: arnaud.legrand@chu-nantes.fr. François-Xavier Weill, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Centre National de Référence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, E-mail: fxweill@pasteur.fr.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Perin J, Rudan I, Lawn JE, Cousens S, Mathers C, Black RE, 2015. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000–13, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis. Lancet 385: 430–440.
-
2.
Kotloff KL et al. 2013. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet 382: 209–222.
-
3.
Breurec S et al. 2016. Etiology and epidemiology of diarrhea in hospitalized children from low income country: a matched case-control study in Central African Republic. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004283.
-
4.
Anderson M, Sansonetti PJ, Marteyn BS, 2016. Shigella diversity and changing landscape: insights for the twenty-first century. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 6: 45.
-
5.
Livio S et al. 2014. Shigella isolates from the global enteric multicenter study inform vaccine development. Clin Infect Dis 59: 933–941.
-
6.
Bercion R, Njuimo SP, Boudjeka PM, Manirakiza A, 2008. Distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of Shigella isolates in Bangui, Central African Republic. Trop Med Int Health 13: 468–471.
-
7.
Qiu S et al. 2015. Shift in serotype distribution of Shigella species in China, 2003–2013. Clin Microbiol Infect 21: 252 e5-8.
-
8.
Bangtrakulnonth A, Vieira AR, Lo Fo Wong DM, Pornreongwong S, Pulsrikarn C, Sawanpanyalert P, Hendriksen RS, Aarestrup FM, 2008. Shigella from humans in Thailand during 1993 to 2006: spatial-time trends in species and serotype distribution. Foodborne Pathog Dis 5: 773–784.
-
9.
Langendorf C, Le Hello S, Moumouni A, Gouali M, Mamaty AA, Grais RF, Weill FX, Page AL, 2015. Enteric bacterial pathogens in children with diarrhea in Niger: diversity and antimicrobial resistance. PLoS One 10: e0120275.
-
10.
Rafai C, Frank T, Manirakiza A, Gaudeuille A, Mbecko JR, Nghario L, Serdouma E, Tekpa B, Garin B, Breurec S, 2015. Dissemination of IncF-type plasmids in multiresistant CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from surgical-site infections in Bangui, Central African Republic. BMC Microbiol 15: 15.
-
11.
Mao Y et al. 2013. Changing trends and serotype distribution of Shigella species in Beijing from 1994 to 2010. Gut Pathog 5: 21.
-
12.
Shakya G, Acharya J, Adhikari S, Rijal N, 2016. Shigellosis in Nepal: 13 years review of nationwide surveillance. J Health Popul Nutr 35: 36.
-
13.
Kahsay AG, Muthupandian S, 2016. A review on serodiversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella species in Africa, Asia and South America, 2001–2014. BMC Res Notes 9: 422.
-
14.
Thompson CN, Duy PT, Baker S, 2015. The rising dominance of Shigella sonnei: an intercontinental shift in the etiology of bacillary dysentery. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003708.
-
15.
Bercion R, Demartin M, Recio C, Massamba PM, Frank T, Escriba JM, Grimont F, Grimont PA, Weill FX, 2006. Molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 causing dysentery outbreaks in Central African Republic, 2003–2004. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100: 1151–1158.
-
16.
Levine MM, 2006. Enteric infections and the vaccines to counter them: future directions. Vaccine 24: 3865–3873.
-
17.
Levine MM, Kotloff KL, Barry EM, Pasetti MF, Sztein MB, 2007. Clinical trials of Shigella vaccines: two steps forward and one step back on a long, hard road. Nat Rev Microbiol 5: 540–553.
-
18.
Noriega FR, Liao FM, Maneval DR, Ren S, Formal SB, Levine MM, 1999. Strategy for cross-protection among Shigella flexneri serotypes. Infect Immun 67: 782–788.
-
19.
von Seidlein L et al. 2006. A multicentre study of Shigella diarrhoea in six Asian countries: disease burden, clinical manifestations, and microbiology. PLoS Med 3: e353.
-
20.
Farzam N, Ramon-Saraf R, Banet-Levi Y, Lerner-Geva L, Ashkenazi S, KublnKielb J, Vinogradov E, Robbins JB, Schneerson R, 2017. Vaccination with Shigella flexneri 2a conjugate induces type 2a and cross-reactive type 6 antibodies in humans but not in mice. Vaccine 35: 4990–4996.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 163 | 112 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 901 | 8 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 156 | 6 | 0 |