Rift Valley Fever Seroprevalence in Coastal Kenya

Elysse N. Grossi-Soyster Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

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Tamara Banda Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California

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Crystal Y. Teng Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California

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Eric M. Muchiri Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Health, Msambweni, Kenya

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Peter L. Mungai Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Health, Msambweni, Kenya

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Francis M. Mutuku Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Health, Msambweni, Kenya
Department of Environmental studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

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Ginny Gildengorin Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California

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Uriel Kitron Department of Environmental studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

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Charles H. King Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

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A. Desiree Labeaud Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California

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Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes severe disease in both animals and humans, resulting in significant economic and public health damages. The objective of this study was to measure RVFV seroprevalence in six coastal Kenyan villages between 2009 and 2011, and characterize individual-, household-, and community-level risk factors for prior RVFV exposure. Sera were tested for anti-RVFV IgG via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, 51 (1.8%; confidence interval [CI95] 1.3–2.3) of 2,871 samples were seropositive for RVFV. Seroprevalence differed significantly among villages, and was highest in Jego Village (18/300; 6.0%; CI95 3.6–9.3) and lowest in Magodzoni (0/248). Adults were more likely to be seropositive than children (P < 0.001). Seropositive subjects were less likely to own land or a motor vehicle (P < 0.01), suggesting exposure is associated with lower socioeconomic standing (P = 0.03). RVFV exposure appears to be low in coastal Kenya, although with some variability among villages.

Author Notes

Address correspondence to Elysse N. Grossi-Soyster, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant Building, Room S374, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail: elysse@stanford.edu

Financial support: The Pacific North Western Regional Center of Excellence AI81680: Research Project 012 (ADL), NIH/EEID TW008067 (UK and CHK), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01AI102918, LaBeaud).

Authors’ addresses: Elysse N. Grossi-Soyster and A. Desiree Labeaud, Pediatrics Infectious Disease Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, E-mails: elysse@stanford.edu and dlabeaud@stanford.edu. Tamara Banda, Aduro Biotech, CA, E-mail: tbanda@aduro.com. Crystal Y. Teng, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, E-mail: cteng6@gmail.com. Eric M. Muchiri, Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Health, Msambweni, Kenya, E-mail: ericmuchiri@gmail.com. Francis M. Mutuku, Department of Environmental Health and Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya, E-mail: fmutuku73@gmail.com. Ginny Gildengorin, Children’s Hospital of Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, E-mail: ggildengorin@mail.cho.org. Uriel Kitron, Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: ukitron@emory.edu. Charles H. King, Center for Global Health and Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, E-mail: chk@case.edu.

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