Clinical and Epidemiological Characterization of the First Recognized Outbreak of Dengue Virus-Type 2 in Mozambique, 2014

Marilia Massangaie National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Gabriela Pinto National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Fernando Padama National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Geraldo Chambe National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Mariana da Silva National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Inocêncio Mate National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Celia Chirindza National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Sadia Ali National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Sãozinha Agostinho National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Daniel Chilaule National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Jacqueline Weyer National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Chantel le Roux National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Ana Paula Abilio National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Cynthia Baltazar National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Timothy J. Doyle National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Julie Cliff National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Janusz Paweska National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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Eduardo Samo Gudo National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique; Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Nampula, Mozambique; Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0543
Volume/Issue:
Volume 94: Issue 2
Page(s):
413–416
Restricted access
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Since the first reported epidemic of dengue in Pemba, the capital of Cabo Delgado province, in 1984–1985, no further cases have been reported in Mozambique. In March 2014, the Provincial Health Directorate of Cabo Delgado reported a suspected dengue outbreak in Pemba, associated with a recent increase in the frequency of patients with nonmalarial febrile illness. An investigation conducted between March and June detected a total of 193 clinically suspected dengue patients in Pemba and Nampula, the capital of neighboring Nampula Province. Dengue virus-type 2 (DENV-2) was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in sera from three patients, and 97 others were classified as probable cases based on the presence of DENV nonstructural protein 1 antigen or anti-DENV immunoglobulin M antibody. Entomological investigations demonstrated the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquitos in both Pemba and Nampula cities.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Marilia Massangaie, National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Av Eduardo Mondlane 1008, Maputo, Mozambique. E-mail: mariliamassangaie@yahoo.com.br

Authors' addresses: Marilia Massangaie, Gabriela Pinto, Fernando Padama, Geraldo Chambe, Mariana da Silva, and Inocêncio Mate, National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique, E-mails: mariliamassangaie@yahoo.com.br, gabbydocarmo@gmail.com, ferpadama@yahoo.com.br, geraldochambe@yahoo.com.br, m.sillva@yahoo.com.br, and inomate@yahoo.com.br. Celia Chirindza and Sadia Ali, Virus Isolation Laboratory, National Institute of Health, Maputo, Mozambique, E-mails: celia.chir@gmail.com and sadia.abdul.ali@gmail.com. Sãozinha Agostinho, Ministry of Health, Cabo Delgado Provincial Health Directorate, Pemba, Mozambique, E-mail: saozinhagostinho@gmail.com. Daniel Chilaule, Nampula Provincial Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Nampula, Mozambique, E-mail: dachilaule@hotmail.com. Jacqueline Weyer and Chantel le Roux, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa, E-mails: jacquelinew@nicd.ac.za and chantell@nicd.ac.za. Ana Paula Abilio, Cynthia Baltazar, and Eduardo Samo Gudo, National Institute of Health, Maputo, Mozambique, E-mails: anabilio1408@gmail.com, cynthiasema@yahoo.com, and esamogudojr@gmail.com. Timothy J. Doyle, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Maputo, Mozambique, E-mail: tdoyle@cdc.gov. Julie Cliff, Faculty of Medicine, Community Health Department, Maputo, Mozambique, E-mail: julie.cliff@gmail.com. Janusz Paweska, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Special Pathogens Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa, E-mail: januszp@nicd.ac.za.

Copyright:
© The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2016
Received:
24 Jul 2015
|
Accepted:
12 Oct 2015
|
Published Online:
03 Feb 2016
Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
Online ISSN:
1476-1645
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