ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Durden LA, 2001. Lice (Phthiraptera). Samuel WM, Pybus MJ, Kocan AA, eds. Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 3–17.
-
2.
Kittler R, Kayser M, Stoneking M, 2003. Molecular evolution of Pediculus humanus and the origin of clothing. Curr Biol 13: 1414–1417.
-
3.
Drali R, Boutellis A, Raoult D, Rolain JM, Brouqui P, 2013. Distinguishing body lice from head lice by multiplex real-time PCR analysis of the Phum_PHUM540560 gene. PLoS One 8: e58088.
-
4.
Chosidow O, Chastang C, Brue C, Bouvet E, Izri M, Monteny N, Bastuji-Garin S, Rousset JJ, Revuz J, 1994. Controlled study of malathion and d-phenothrin lotions for Pediculus humanus var capitis-infested schoolchildren. Lancet 344: 1724–1727.
-
5.
Brouqui P, 2011. Arthropod-borne diseases associated with political and social disorder. Annu Rev Entomol 56: 357–374.
-
6.
Sangare AK, Boutellis A, Drali R, Socolovschi C, Barker SC, Diatta G, Rogier C, Olive MM, Doumbo OK, Raoult D, 2014. Detection of Bartonella quintana in African body and head lice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 294–301.
-
7.
Raoult D, Roux V, 1999. The body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases. Clin Infect Dis 29: 888–911.
-
8.
Blanc G, Baltazard M, 1941. Recherches expérimentales sur la peste. L'infection du pou de l'homme, Pediculus corporis de Geer. CR Acad Sci 213: 849–851.
-
9.
Houhamdi L, Raoult D, 2006. Experimental infection of human body lice with Acinetobacter baumannii. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 526–531.
-
10.
Piarroux R, Abedi AA, Shako JC, Kebela B, Karhemere S, Diatta G, Davoust B, Raoult D, Drancourt M, 2013. Plague epidemics and lice, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 505–506.
-
11.
Reed DL, Smith VS, Hammond SL, Rogers AR, Clayton DH, 2004. Genetic analysis of lice supports direct contact between modern and archaic humans. PLoS Biol 2: e340.
-
12.
Boutellis A, Drali R, Rivera MA, Mumcuoglu KY, Raoult D, 2013. Evidence of sympatry of clade a and clade B head lice in a pre-Columbian Chilean mummy from Camarones. PLoS One 8: e76818.
-
13.
Light JE, Toups MA, Reed DL, 2008. What's in a name: the taxonomic status of human head and body lice. Mol Phylogenet Evol 47: 1203–1216.
-
14.
Sunantaraporn S, Sanprasert V, Pengsakul T, Phumee A, Boonserm R, Tawatsin A, Thavara U, Siriyasatien P, 2015. Molecular survey of the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis in Thailand and its potential role for transmitting Acinetobacter spp. Parasit Vectors 8: 127.
-
15.
Angelakis E, Diatta G, Abdissa A, Trape JF, Mediannikov O, Richet H, Raoult D, 2011. Altitude-dependent Bartonella quintana genotype C in head lice, Ethiopia. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 2357–2359.
-
16.
Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Higgins DG, 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23: 2947–2948.
-
17.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S, 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725–2729.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 313 | 255 | 22 |
| Full Text Views | 365 | 10 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 144 | 6 | 1 |
A New Clade of African Body and Head Lice Infected by Bartonella quintana and Yersinia pestis—Democratic Republic of the Congo
Rezak Drali
Rezak Drali
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique No. 7278 (CNRS7278), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement No. 198 (IRD198), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité No. 1095 (InsermU1095), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Plague Reference Laboratory, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Institute of Research for the Development, Dakar, Senegal
Search for other papers by Rezak Drali in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rezak Drali in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Jean-Christophe Shako
Jean-Christophe Shako
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique No. 7278 (CNRS7278), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement No. 198 (IRD198), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité No. 1095 (InsermU1095), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Plague Reference Laboratory, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Institute of Research for the Development, Dakar, Senegal
Search for other papers by Jean-Christophe Shako in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jean-Christophe Shako in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Bernard Davoust
Bernard Davoust
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique No. 7278 (CNRS7278), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement No. 198 (IRD198), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité No. 1095 (InsermU1095), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Plague Reference Laboratory, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Institute of Research for the Development, Dakar, Senegal
Search for other papers by Bernard Davoust in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Bernard Davoust in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Georges Diatta
Georges Diatta
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique No. 7278 (CNRS7278), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement No. 198 (IRD198), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité No. 1095 (InsermU1095), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Plague Reference Laboratory, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Institute of Research for the Development, Dakar, Senegal
Search for other papers by Georges Diatta in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Georges Diatta in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Didier Raoult
Didier Raoult
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique No. 7278 (CNRS7278), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement No. 198 (IRD198), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité No. 1095 (InsermU1095), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Plague Reference Laboratory, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Institute of Research for the Development, Dakar, Senegal
Search for other papers by Didier Raoult in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Didier Raoult in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
The human body louse is known as a vector for the transmission of three serious diseases—specifically, epidemic typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever caused by Rickettsia prowazekii, Bartonella quintana, and Borrelia recurrentis, respectively—that have killed millions of people. It is also suspected in the transmission of a fourth pathogen, Yersinia pestis, which is the etiologic agent of plague. To date, human lice belonging to the genus Pediculus have been classified into three mitochondrial clades: A, B, and C. Here, we describe a fourth mitochondrial clade, Clade D, comprising head and body lice. Clade D may be a vector of B. quintana and Y. pestis, which is prevalent in a highly plague-endemic area near the Rethy Health District, Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Rezak Drali, Bernard Davoust, and Didier Raoult, URMITE, CNRS7278, IRD198, InsermU1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, E-mails: rezakdrali@hotmail.com, bernard.davoust@gmail.com, and didier.raoult@gmail.com. Jean-Christophe Shako, Plague Reference Laboratory, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, E-mail: shakochri@yahoo.fr. Georges Diatta, Institute of Research for the Development, Dakar, Senegal, E-mail: georges.diatta@ird.fr.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Durden LA, 2001. Lice (Phthiraptera). Samuel WM, Pybus MJ, Kocan AA, eds. Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 3–17.
-
2.
Kittler R, Kayser M, Stoneking M, 2003. Molecular evolution of Pediculus humanus and the origin of clothing. Curr Biol 13: 1414–1417.
-
3.
Drali R, Boutellis A, Raoult D, Rolain JM, Brouqui P, 2013. Distinguishing body lice from head lice by multiplex real-time PCR analysis of the Phum_PHUM540560 gene. PLoS One 8: e58088.
-
4.
Chosidow O, Chastang C, Brue C, Bouvet E, Izri M, Monteny N, Bastuji-Garin S, Rousset JJ, Revuz J, 1994. Controlled study of malathion and d-phenothrin lotions for Pediculus humanus var capitis-infested schoolchildren. Lancet 344: 1724–1727.
-
5.
Brouqui P, 2011. Arthropod-borne diseases associated with political and social disorder. Annu Rev Entomol 56: 357–374.
-
6.
Sangare AK, Boutellis A, Drali R, Socolovschi C, Barker SC, Diatta G, Rogier C, Olive MM, Doumbo OK, Raoult D, 2014. Detection of Bartonella quintana in African body and head lice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 294–301.
-
7.
Raoult D, Roux V, 1999. The body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases. Clin Infect Dis 29: 888–911.
-
8.
Blanc G, Baltazard M, 1941. Recherches expérimentales sur la peste. L'infection du pou de l'homme, Pediculus corporis de Geer. CR Acad Sci 213: 849–851.
-
9.
Houhamdi L, Raoult D, 2006. Experimental infection of human body lice with Acinetobacter baumannii. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 526–531.
-
10.
Piarroux R, Abedi AA, Shako JC, Kebela B, Karhemere S, Diatta G, Davoust B, Raoult D, Drancourt M, 2013. Plague epidemics and lice, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 505–506.
-
11.
Reed DL, Smith VS, Hammond SL, Rogers AR, Clayton DH, 2004. Genetic analysis of lice supports direct contact between modern and archaic humans. PLoS Biol 2: e340.
-
12.
Boutellis A, Drali R, Rivera MA, Mumcuoglu KY, Raoult D, 2013. Evidence of sympatry of clade a and clade B head lice in a pre-Columbian Chilean mummy from Camarones. PLoS One 8: e76818.
-
13.
Light JE, Toups MA, Reed DL, 2008. What's in a name: the taxonomic status of human head and body lice. Mol Phylogenet Evol 47: 1203–1216.
-
14.
Sunantaraporn S, Sanprasert V, Pengsakul T, Phumee A, Boonserm R, Tawatsin A, Thavara U, Siriyasatien P, 2015. Molecular survey of the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis in Thailand and its potential role for transmitting Acinetobacter spp. Parasit Vectors 8: 127.
-
15.
Angelakis E, Diatta G, Abdissa A, Trape JF, Mediannikov O, Richet H, Raoult D, 2011. Altitude-dependent Bartonella quintana genotype C in head lice, Ethiopia. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 2357–2359.
-
16.
Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Higgins DG, 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23: 2947–2948.
-
17.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S, 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725–2729.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 313 | 255 | 22 |
| Full Text Views | 365 | 10 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 144 | 6 | 1 |