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1.
Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K, Salomon JA, Abdalla S, 2013. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380: 2197–2223.
-
2.
Kotloff KL, Nataro JP, Blackwelder WC, Nasrin D, Farag TH, Panchalingam S, Wu Y, Sow SO, Sur D, Breiman RF, 2013. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet 382: 209–222.
-
3.
Levine OS, O'Brien KL, Deloria-Knoll M, Murdoch DR, Feikin DR, DeLuca AN, Driscoll AJ, Baggett HC, Brooks WA, Howie SR, 2012. The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health Project: a 21st century childhood pneumonia etiology study. Clin Infect Dis 54: S93–S101.
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4.
Feikin DR, Olack B, Bigogo GM, Audi A, Cosmas L, Aura B, Burke H, Njenga MK, Williamson J, Breiman RF, 2011. The burden of common infectious disease syndromes at the clinic and household level from population-based surveillance in rural and urban Kenya. PLoS ONE 6: e16085.
-
5.
Reyburn H, Mbatia R, Drakeley C, Carneiro I, Mwakasungula E, Mwerinde O, Saganda K, Shao J, Kitua A, Olomi R, 2004. Overdiagnosis of malaria in patients with severe febrile illness in Tanzania: a prospective study. BMJ 329: 1212.
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6.
Todd J, De Francisco A, O'dempsey T, Greenwood BM, 1993. The limitations of verbal autopsy in a malaria-endemic region. Ann Trop Paediatr 14: 31–36.
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7.
Crump JA, 2014. Time for a comprehensive approach to the syndrome of fever in the tropics. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 108: 61–62.
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The Demographic and Health Surveys Program. Available at: http://dhsprogram.com/. Accessed April 29, 2014.
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Malaria Atlas Project (MAP). Available at: http://www.map.ox.ac.uk/. Accessed April 29, 2014.
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Micallef L, Rodgers P, 2014. eulerAPE: drawing area-proportional 3-Venn diagrams using ellipses. PLoS One 9: e101717.
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11.
Hertz JT, Munishi OM, Sharp JP, Reddy EA, Crump JA, 2013. Comparing actual and perceived causes of fever among community members in a low malaria transmission setting in northern Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 18: 1406–1415.
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12.
Feikin DR, Audi A, Olack B, Bigogo GM, Polyak C, Burke H, Williamson J, Breiman RF, 2010. Evaluation of the optimal recall period for disease symptoms in home-based morbidity surveillance in rural and urban Kenya. Int J Epidemiol 39: 450–458.
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Community Prevalence of Fever and Relationship with Malaria Among Infants and Children in Low-Resource Areas
Namrata Prasad
Namrata Prasad
Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Katrina J. Sharples
Katrina J. Sharples
Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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David R. Murdoch
David R. Murdoch
Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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John A. Crump
John A. Crump
Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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We used Demographic and Health Survey data to describe the 2-week period prevalence of fever, cough, and diarrhea among children aged < 5 years in low-resources areas. We then explored the relationship between prevalence of isolated fever and national malaria risk. Fever and isolated fever occurred in 26.7% and 7.0% of children, respectively, and was not fully explained by malaria.
Author Notes
Financial support: JAC was supported by the joint U.S. National Institutes of Health–National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease program (R01TW009237), the U.K. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (BB/J010367/1) the U.K. BBSRC Zoonoses and Emerging Livestock Systems Initiative (BB/L017679, BB/L018926/1 and BB/L018845).
Authors' addresses: Namrata Prasad and John A. Crump, Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, E-mails: nam.p@me.com and john.crump@otago.ac.nz. Katrina J. Sharples, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, E-mail: katrina.sharples@otago.ac.nz. David R. Murdoch, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand, E-mail: david.murdoch@otago.ac.nz.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K, Salomon JA, Abdalla S, 2013. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380: 2197–2223.
-
2.
Kotloff KL, Nataro JP, Blackwelder WC, Nasrin D, Farag TH, Panchalingam S, Wu Y, Sow SO, Sur D, Breiman RF, 2013. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet 382: 209–222.
-
3.
Levine OS, O'Brien KL, Deloria-Knoll M, Murdoch DR, Feikin DR, DeLuca AN, Driscoll AJ, Baggett HC, Brooks WA, Howie SR, 2012. The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health Project: a 21st century childhood pneumonia etiology study. Clin Infect Dis 54: S93–S101.
-
4.
Feikin DR, Olack B, Bigogo GM, Audi A, Cosmas L, Aura B, Burke H, Njenga MK, Williamson J, Breiman RF, 2011. The burden of common infectious disease syndromes at the clinic and household level from population-based surveillance in rural and urban Kenya. PLoS ONE 6: e16085.
-
5.
Reyburn H, Mbatia R, Drakeley C, Carneiro I, Mwakasungula E, Mwerinde O, Saganda K, Shao J, Kitua A, Olomi R, 2004. Overdiagnosis of malaria in patients with severe febrile illness in Tanzania: a prospective study. BMJ 329: 1212.
-
6.
Todd J, De Francisco A, O'dempsey T, Greenwood BM, 1993. The limitations of verbal autopsy in a malaria-endemic region. Ann Trop Paediatr 14: 31–36.
-
7.
Crump JA, 2014. Time for a comprehensive approach to the syndrome of fever in the tropics. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 108: 61–62.
-
8.
The Demographic and Health Surveys Program. Available at: http://dhsprogram.com/. Accessed April 29, 2014.
-
9.
Malaria Atlas Project (MAP). Available at: http://www.map.ox.ac.uk/. Accessed April 29, 2014.
-
10.
Micallef L, Rodgers P, 2014. eulerAPE: drawing area-proportional 3-Venn diagrams using ellipses. PLoS One 9: e101717.
-
11.
Hertz JT, Munishi OM, Sharp JP, Reddy EA, Crump JA, 2013. Comparing actual and perceived causes of fever among community members in a low malaria transmission setting in northern Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 18: 1406–1415.
-
12.
Feikin DR, Audi A, Olack B, Bigogo GM, Polyak C, Burke H, Williamson J, Breiman RF, 2010. Evaluation of the optimal recall period for disease symptoms in home-based morbidity surveillance in rural and urban Kenya. Int J Epidemiol 39: 450–458.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 671 | 470 | 43 |
| Full Text Views | 783 | 12 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 432 | 13 | 0 |