- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Follow-up and demographic features of JE cases.
- Neurological sequelae findings for the JE cases and healthy individuals.
- Intelligence assessment for JE cases and healthy individuals.
- Memory assessment for JE cases and healthy individuals.
- Adaptive ability evaluation for JE cases.
- Intellectual disability assessment for JE cases.
- Discussion
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
WHO, 2006. Position paper on Japanese encephalitis vaccines. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 81: 331–339.
-
2.
Fischer M, Hills S, Staples E, Johnson B, Yaich M, 2008. Japanese encephalitis prevention and control: advances, challenges, and new initiatives. Scheld WM, Hammer SM, Hughes JM, eds. Emerging Infections 8. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 93–124.
-
3.
Campbell GL, Hills SL, Fischer M, Jacobson JA, Hoke CH, Hombach JM, Marfin AA, Solomon T, Tsai TF, Tsu VD, Ginsburg AS, 2011. Estimated global incidence of Japanese encephalitis: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 89: 766–774E.
-
4.
Wang H, Li Y, Liang X, Liang G, 2009. Japanese encephalitis in mainland China. Jpn J Infect Dis 62: 331–336.
-
5.
Wang X, Li Y, Liang X, Gao L, Zhang X, Hui L, 2010. Distribution features of Japanese encephalitis B in Gansu Province [In Chinese]. China Trop Med 10: 1204–1204.
-
6.
Yin Z, Liang X, Li Y, Wang H, Zhai R, Liang G, Shui T, Ze W, Li X, Lv X, Yang H, Guang M, Chen S, 2007. Investigation and analysis on the Japanese B encephalitis epidemic in Yuncheng Prefecture, Shanxi Province, 2006 [In Chinese]. Chin J Vaccines and Immuniz 13: 270–273.
-
7.
Ding Z, Xu Z, 2001. Retrospective analysis of Japanese encephalitis (JE) incidence in Shanghai [In Chinese]. Chin J Vaccines and Immuniz 7: 146–148.
-
8.
Yin Z, Wang H, Yang J, Luo H, Li Y, Hadler SC, Sandhu HS, Fischer M, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Liu G, Li L, Johnson BW, Liang X, Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis Syndrome (AMES) Study Group, 2010. Japanese encephalitis disease burden and clinical features in 4 cities of China, a laboratory based acute encephalitis surveillance. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 766–773.
-
9.
Halstead SB, Jacobson J, 2008. Japanese encephalitis vaccines. Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PA, eds. Vaccines. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences.
-
10.
Oya A, 1989. Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis, Rinsho to Biseibutsu. Clin Diagn Microbiol 16: 5–9.
-
11.
Kumar R, Mathur A, Singh KB, Sitholey P, Prasad M, Shukla R, Agarwal SP, Arockiasamy J, 1993. Clinical sequelae of Japanese encephalitis in children. Indian J Med Res 97: 9–13.
-
12.
Huy BV, Tu HC, Luan TV, Lindqvist R, 1994. Early mental and neurological sequelae after Japanese B encephalitis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 25: 549–553.
-
13.
Kamala CS, Rao MV, George S, Prasanna NY, 1989. Japanese encephalitis in children in Bellary, Karnataka. Indian Pediatr 26: 445–452.
-
14.
Baruah HC, Biswas D, Patgiri D, Mahanta J, 2002. Clinical outcome and neurological sequelae in serologically confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis patients in Assam, India. Indian Pediatr 39: 1143–1148.
-
15.
Misra UK, Kalita J, Srivastava M, 1998. Prognosis of Japanese encephalitis: a multivariate analysis. J Neurol Sci 161: 143–147.
-
16.
Potula R, Badrinath S, Srinivasan S, 2003. Japanese encephalitis in and around Pondicherry, south India: a clinical appraisal and prognostic indicators for the outcome. J Trop Pediatr 49: 48–53.
-
17.
Ding D, Hong Z, Zhao SJ, Clemens JD, Zhou B, Wang B, Huang MS, Zeng J, Guo QH, Liu W, Tao FB, Xu ZY, 2007. Long-term disability from acute childhood Japanese encephalitis in Shanghai, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 528–533.
-
18.
Feng L, 1987. Long-term follow-up of 50 cases of Japanese encephalitis [In Chinese]. J Clin Pediatr 5: 131–133.
-
19.
Wang B, Ding D, Hong Z, Zhou F, Huang MS, Zeng J, Guo QH, 2002. Memory impairment and related factors analysis with Japanese Encephalitis patients [In Chinese]. J of Brain and Nervous Diseases 10: 357–358.
-
20.
Wu YC, Huang YS, Chien LJ, Lin TL, Yueh YY, Tseng WL, Chang KJ, Wang GR, 1999. The epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis on Taiwan during 1966–1997. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 78–84.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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Neurological Sequelae of Hospitalized Japanese Encephalitis Cases in Gansu Province, China
Zundong Yin
Zundong Yin
National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Xuxia Wang
Xuxia Wang
National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Li Li
Li Li
National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Hui Li
Hui Li
National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Xiaoshu Zhang
Xiaoshu Zhang
National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Junhong Li
Junhong Li
National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Guijun Ning
Guijun Ning
National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Fengqin Li
Fengqin Li
National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Xuefeng Liang
Xuefeng Liang
National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Li Gao
Li Gao
National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Xiaofeng Liang
Xiaofeng Liang
National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Yixing Li
Yixing Li
National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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We conducted a follow-up survey for 55 Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases 1–2 years after hospital discharge in Gansu province, China. Community-, education-, and gender-matched healthy individuals without history of neurologic disease were selected as the comparison group. All subjects received neurological examination, intelligence quotient (IQ) measurement, adaptive behavior measurement, and Wechsler memory scale (WMS) assessment. We found 43.6% JE cases had at least one nervous system sequelae compared with 3.6% healthy individuals. Among JE cases, 22.4% had subnormal IQ, 18.4% subnormal verbal IQ (VIQ), 20.4% subnormal performance IQ (PIQ), and 78.4% had subnormal memory quotient (MQ). Among healthy individuals, 2.0% had subnormal IQ, VIQ, or PIQ and 8.1% had subnormal MQ. Among adult JE cases, 47.8% and 39.1% had adaptive behavior impairments and intellectual disability, respectively, compared with 18.8% and 9.7% among young cases, respectively. The results showed both adult and young surviving JE cases had significant neurological sequelae and mental disability 1–2 years after discharged.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was funded by China CDC.
Authors' addresses: Zundong Yin, Li Li, Junhong Li, Gujun Ning, and Yixing Li, National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China, E-mails: yinzd@chinacdc.cn, llsdjn@163.com, lijh@chinacdc.cn, ninggj@chinacdc.cn, and liyx@chinacdc.cn. Xuxia Wang, Hui Li, Xiaoshu Zhang, Fengqin Li, Xuefeng Liang, and Li Gao, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China, E-mails: wxx_76@126.com, lihui9208@163.com, zhxs222@126.com, lzlfq1960@126.com, 360149345@qq.com, and 1029591834@qq.com. Xiaofeng Liang, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China, E-mail: liangxf@hotmail.com.
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Follow-up and demographic features of JE cases.
- Neurological sequelae findings for the JE cases and healthy individuals.
- Intelligence assessment for JE cases and healthy individuals.
- Memory assessment for JE cases and healthy individuals.
- Adaptive ability evaluation for JE cases.
- Intellectual disability assessment for JE cases.
- Discussion
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
WHO, 2006. Position paper on Japanese encephalitis vaccines. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 81: 331–339.
-
2.
Fischer M, Hills S, Staples E, Johnson B, Yaich M, 2008. Japanese encephalitis prevention and control: advances, challenges, and new initiatives. Scheld WM, Hammer SM, Hughes JM, eds. Emerging Infections 8. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 93–124.
-
3.
Campbell GL, Hills SL, Fischer M, Jacobson JA, Hoke CH, Hombach JM, Marfin AA, Solomon T, Tsai TF, Tsu VD, Ginsburg AS, 2011. Estimated global incidence of Japanese encephalitis: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 89: 766–774E.
-
4.
Wang H, Li Y, Liang X, Liang G, 2009. Japanese encephalitis in mainland China. Jpn J Infect Dis 62: 331–336.
-
5.
Wang X, Li Y, Liang X, Gao L, Zhang X, Hui L, 2010. Distribution features of Japanese encephalitis B in Gansu Province [In Chinese]. China Trop Med 10: 1204–1204.
-
6.
Yin Z, Liang X, Li Y, Wang H, Zhai R, Liang G, Shui T, Ze W, Li X, Lv X, Yang H, Guang M, Chen S, 2007. Investigation and analysis on the Japanese B encephalitis epidemic in Yuncheng Prefecture, Shanxi Province, 2006 [In Chinese]. Chin J Vaccines and Immuniz 13: 270–273.
-
7.
Ding Z, Xu Z, 2001. Retrospective analysis of Japanese encephalitis (JE) incidence in Shanghai [In Chinese]. Chin J Vaccines and Immuniz 7: 146–148.
-
8.
Yin Z, Wang H, Yang J, Luo H, Li Y, Hadler SC, Sandhu HS, Fischer M, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Liu G, Li L, Johnson BW, Liang X, Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis Syndrome (AMES) Study Group, 2010. Japanese encephalitis disease burden and clinical features in 4 cities of China, a laboratory based acute encephalitis surveillance. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 766–773.
-
9.
Halstead SB, Jacobson J, 2008. Japanese encephalitis vaccines. Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PA, eds. Vaccines. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences.
-
10.
Oya A, 1989. Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis, Rinsho to Biseibutsu. Clin Diagn Microbiol 16: 5–9.
-
11.
Kumar R, Mathur A, Singh KB, Sitholey P, Prasad M, Shukla R, Agarwal SP, Arockiasamy J, 1993. Clinical sequelae of Japanese encephalitis in children. Indian J Med Res 97: 9–13.
-
12.
Huy BV, Tu HC, Luan TV, Lindqvist R, 1994. Early mental and neurological sequelae after Japanese B encephalitis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 25: 549–553.
-
13.
Kamala CS, Rao MV, George S, Prasanna NY, 1989. Japanese encephalitis in children in Bellary, Karnataka. Indian Pediatr 26: 445–452.
-
14.
Baruah HC, Biswas D, Patgiri D, Mahanta J, 2002. Clinical outcome and neurological sequelae in serologically confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis patients in Assam, India. Indian Pediatr 39: 1143–1148.
-
15.
Misra UK, Kalita J, Srivastava M, 1998. Prognosis of Japanese encephalitis: a multivariate analysis. J Neurol Sci 161: 143–147.
-
16.
Potula R, Badrinath S, Srinivasan S, 2003. Japanese encephalitis in and around Pondicherry, south India: a clinical appraisal and prognostic indicators for the outcome. J Trop Pediatr 49: 48–53.
-
17.
Ding D, Hong Z, Zhao SJ, Clemens JD, Zhou B, Wang B, Huang MS, Zeng J, Guo QH, Liu W, Tao FB, Xu ZY, 2007. Long-term disability from acute childhood Japanese encephalitis in Shanghai, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 528–533.
-
18.
Feng L, 1987. Long-term follow-up of 50 cases of Japanese encephalitis [In Chinese]. J Clin Pediatr 5: 131–133.
-
19.
Wang B, Ding D, Hong Z, Zhou F, Huang MS, Zeng J, Guo QH, 2002. Memory impairment and related factors analysis with Japanese Encephalitis patients [In Chinese]. J of Brain and Nervous Diseases 10: 357–358.
-
20.
Wu YC, Huang YS, Chien LJ, Lin TL, Yueh YY, Tseng WL, Chang KJ, Wang GR, 1999. The epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis on Taiwan during 1966–1997. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 78–84.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 736 | 631 | 31 |
| Full Text Views | 588 | 12 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 140 | 10 | 0 |