ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Alvar J, Vélez I, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M, 2012. WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS ONE 7: e35671.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2010. Control of the Leishmaniases. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
3.
World Health Organization, 2014. Leishmaniasis. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs375/en/. Accessed August 8, 2014.
-
4.
Abd El-Salam NM, Ayaz S, Ullah R, 2014. PCR and microscopic identification of isolated Leishmania tropica from clinical samples of cutaneous leishmaniasis in human population of Kohat region in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Biomed Res Int 2014: 861831.
-
5.
World Health Organization, 2012. Manual for Case Management of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1–42.
-
6.
Saroufim M, Charafeddine K, Issa G, Khalifeh H, Habib RH, Berry A, Ghosn N, Rady A, Khalifeh I, 2014. Ongoing epidemic of cutaneous leishmaniasis among Syrian refugees, Lebanon. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 1712–1715.
-
7.
2014. UNHCR Country Operations Profile - Lebanon. Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e486676&submit=GO. Accessed August 18, 2014.
-
8.
Mimori T, Matsumoto T, Calvopina M, Gomez E, Saya H, Katakura K, Nonaka S, Shamsuzzaman S, Hashiguchi Y, 2002. Usefulness of sampling with cotton swab for PCR-diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. Acta Trop 81: 197–202.
-
9.
Karram S, Loya A, Hamam H, Habib RH, Khalifeh I, 2012. Transepidermal elimination in cutaneous leishmaniasis: a multiregional study. J Cutan Pathol 39: 406–412.
-
10.
Yehia L, Adib-Houreih M, Raslan WF, Kibbi AG, Loya A, Firooz A, Satti M, El-Sabban M, Khalifeh I, 2012. Molecular diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis and species identification: analysis of 122 biopsies with varied parasite index. J Cutan Pathol 39: 347–355.
-
11.
Reithinger R, Dujardin J-C, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker S, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 581–596.
-
12.
Saab J, Fedda F, Khattab R, Yahya L, Loya A, Satti M, Kibbi AG, Houreih MA, Raslan W, El-Sabban M, 2012. Cutaneous leishmaniasis mimicking inflammatory and neoplastic processes: a clinical, and molecular study of 57 cases. J Cutan Pathol 39: 251–262.
-
13.
Dawit G, Girma Z, Simenew K, 2013. A review on biology. Epidemiology and public health significance of leishmaniasis. J Bacteriol Parasitol 4: 2.
-
14.
Medeiros A, Rodrigues S, Roselino A, 2002. Comparison of the specificity of PCR and the histopathological detection of Leishmania for the diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Braz J Med Biol 35: 421–424.
-
15.
Schönian G, Nasereddin A, Dinse N, Schweynoch C, Schallig HD, Presber W, Jaffe CL, 2003. PCR diagnosis and characterization of Leishmania in local and imported clinical samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 47: 349–358.
-
16.
Al-Jawabreh A, Schoenian G, Hamarsheh O, Presber W, 2006. Clinical diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a comparison study between standardized graded direct microscopy and ITS1-PCR of Giemsa-stained smears. Acta Trop 99: 55–61.
-
17.
Kheirandish F, Sharafi AC, Kazemi B, Mohebali M, Sarlak A, Tarahi MJ, Holakouee K, Hajaran H, 2013. Identification of Leishmania species using PCR assay on Giemsa-stained slides prepared from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. Iran J Parasitol 8: 382.
-
18.
Vélez ID, Carrillo LM, López L, Rodríguez E, Robledo SM, 2012. An epidemic outbreak of canine cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia caused by Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania panamensis. J Trop Med Hyg 86: 807–811.
-
19.
Rowland M, Munir A, Durrani N, Noyes H, Reyburn H, 1999. An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an Afghan refugee settlement in north-west Pakistan. T Roy Soc Trop Med H 93: 133–136.
-
20.
Montoya J, Jaramillo C, Palma G, Gomez T, Segura I, Travi B, 1990. Report of an epidemic outbreak of tegumentary leishmaniasis in a coffee-growing area of Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 85: 119–121.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 234 | 166 | 18 |
| Full Text Views | 485 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 229 | 9 | 0 |
Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Why Punch When You Can Scrape?
Mario Saab
Mario Saab
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Outcomes Research Unit, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Search for other papers by Mario Saab in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mario Saab in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hussein El Hage
Hussein El Hage
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Outcomes Research Unit, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Search for other papers by Hussein El Hage in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hussein El Hage in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Khalil Charafeddine
Khalil Charafeddine
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Outcomes Research Unit, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Search for other papers by Khalil Charafeddine in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Khalil Charafeddine in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Robert H. Habib
Robert H. Habib
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Outcomes Research Unit, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Search for other papers by Robert H. Habib in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Robert H. Habib in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Ibrahim Khalifeh
Ibrahim Khalifeh
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Outcomes Research Unit, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Search for other papers by Ibrahim Khalifeh in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ibrahim Khalifeh in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been introduced to the Leishmania under-endemic Lebanese population in an uncontrolled manner as a result of recent large-scale displacement of refugees from endemic Syria. Accordingly, a quick and reliable method to diagnose CL is essential. Matched punch biopsies and air-dried scrapings on 72 patients were obtained. Scrapings were collected in two forms: thick drop (N = 33) or thin smear (N = 39). Clinical information was recorded. Sections of punch biopsies and scrapings were stained and examined microscopically. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on both scraping forms and biopsies. The diagnostic sensitivity of the tests performed revealed that microscopy in conjunction with PCR on punch biopsies was the most sensitive test (93%) overall. However, taken individually, microscopy and PCR yielded the highest sensitivities when performed on drop scrapings (63% and 85%, respectively), and not smear scrapings (38% and 56%, respectively) as compared with the punch biopsies (44% and 83%, respectively). Microscopic concordance for punch biopsies and drop scrapings was present in 25 of 33 cases. Concordance was predicted only by the high/low parasitic index (PI: 3.1 ± 1.7 and 0.4 ± 0.5, respectively; P < 0.05). Herein, we optimized a novel rapid method for reliable diagnosis of CL based on drop scrapings with good agreement with the gold standard punch biopsy technique.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Mario Saab, Hussein El Hage, Khalil Charafeddine, and Ibrahim Khalifeh, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, E-mails: ms247@aub.edu.lb, hh117@aub.edu.lb, kcharafeddine@gmail.com, and ik08@aub.edu.lb. Robert H. Habib, Department of Internal Medicine, Outcomes Research Unit, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, E-mail: rh106@aub.edu.lb.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Alvar J, Vélez I, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M, 2012. WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS ONE 7: e35671.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2010. Control of the Leishmaniases. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
3.
World Health Organization, 2014. Leishmaniasis. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs375/en/. Accessed August 8, 2014.
-
4.
Abd El-Salam NM, Ayaz S, Ullah R, 2014. PCR and microscopic identification of isolated Leishmania tropica from clinical samples of cutaneous leishmaniasis in human population of Kohat region in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Biomed Res Int 2014: 861831.
-
5.
World Health Organization, 2012. Manual for Case Management of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1–42.
-
6.
Saroufim M, Charafeddine K, Issa G, Khalifeh H, Habib RH, Berry A, Ghosn N, Rady A, Khalifeh I, 2014. Ongoing epidemic of cutaneous leishmaniasis among Syrian refugees, Lebanon. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 1712–1715.
-
7.
2014. UNHCR Country Operations Profile - Lebanon. Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e486676&submit=GO. Accessed August 18, 2014.
-
8.
Mimori T, Matsumoto T, Calvopina M, Gomez E, Saya H, Katakura K, Nonaka S, Shamsuzzaman S, Hashiguchi Y, 2002. Usefulness of sampling with cotton swab for PCR-diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. Acta Trop 81: 197–202.
-
9.
Karram S, Loya A, Hamam H, Habib RH, Khalifeh I, 2012. Transepidermal elimination in cutaneous leishmaniasis: a multiregional study. J Cutan Pathol 39: 406–412.
-
10.
Yehia L, Adib-Houreih M, Raslan WF, Kibbi AG, Loya A, Firooz A, Satti M, El-Sabban M, Khalifeh I, 2012. Molecular diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis and species identification: analysis of 122 biopsies with varied parasite index. J Cutan Pathol 39: 347–355.
-
11.
Reithinger R, Dujardin J-C, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker S, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 581–596.
-
12.
Saab J, Fedda F, Khattab R, Yahya L, Loya A, Satti M, Kibbi AG, Houreih MA, Raslan W, El-Sabban M, 2012. Cutaneous leishmaniasis mimicking inflammatory and neoplastic processes: a clinical, and molecular study of 57 cases. J Cutan Pathol 39: 251–262.
-
13.
Dawit G, Girma Z, Simenew K, 2013. A review on biology. Epidemiology and public health significance of leishmaniasis. J Bacteriol Parasitol 4: 2.
-
14.
Medeiros A, Rodrigues S, Roselino A, 2002. Comparison of the specificity of PCR and the histopathological detection of Leishmania for the diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Braz J Med Biol 35: 421–424.
-
15.
Schönian G, Nasereddin A, Dinse N, Schweynoch C, Schallig HD, Presber W, Jaffe CL, 2003. PCR diagnosis and characterization of Leishmania in local and imported clinical samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 47: 349–358.
-
16.
Al-Jawabreh A, Schoenian G, Hamarsheh O, Presber W, 2006. Clinical diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a comparison study between standardized graded direct microscopy and ITS1-PCR of Giemsa-stained smears. Acta Trop 99: 55–61.
-
17.
Kheirandish F, Sharafi AC, Kazemi B, Mohebali M, Sarlak A, Tarahi MJ, Holakouee K, Hajaran H, 2013. Identification of Leishmania species using PCR assay on Giemsa-stained slides prepared from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. Iran J Parasitol 8: 382.
-
18.
Vélez ID, Carrillo LM, López L, Rodríguez E, Robledo SM, 2012. An epidemic outbreak of canine cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia caused by Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania panamensis. J Trop Med Hyg 86: 807–811.
-
19.
Rowland M, Munir A, Durrani N, Noyes H, Reyburn H, 1999. An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an Afghan refugee settlement in north-west Pakistan. T Roy Soc Trop Med H 93: 133–136.
-
20.
Montoya J, Jaramillo C, Palma G, Gomez T, Segura I, Travi B, 1990. Report of an epidemic outbreak of tegumentary leishmaniasis in a coffee-growing area of Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 85: 119–121.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 234 | 166 | 18 |
| Full Text Views | 485 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 229 | 9 | 0 |