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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Chandler JA, Lang JM, Bhatnagar S, Eisen JA, Kopp A, 2011. Bacterial communities of diverse Drosophila species: ecological context of a host-microbe model system. PLoS Genet 7: e1002272.
-
2.
Jones RT, Vetter SM, Montenieiri J, Holmes J, Bernhardt SA, Gage KL, 2013. Yersinia pestis infection and laboratory conditions alter flea-associated bacterial communities. ISME J 7: 224–228.
-
3.
Lehman RM, Lundgren JG, Petzke LM, 2009. Bacterial communities associated with the digestive tract of the predatory ground beetle, Poecilus chalcites, and their modification by laboratory rearing and antibiotic treatment. Microb Ecol 57: 349–358.
-
4.
Tsiropoulos GJ, 1983. Microflora associated with wild and laboratory reared adult olive fruit flies, Dacus-oleae (GMEL). Z Ang Entomol-J Appl Entomol 96: 337–340.
-
5.
Wang H, Jin L, Zhang H, 2011. Comparison of the diversity of the bacterial communities in the intestinal tract of adult Bactrocera dorsalis from three different populations. J Appl Microbiol 110: 1390–1401.
-
6.
Azambuja P, Garcia ES, Ratcliffe NA, 2005. Gut microbiota and parasite transmission by insect vectors. Trends Parasitol 21: 568–572.
-
7.
Weiss B, Aksoy S, 2011. Microbiome influences on insect host vector competence. Trends Parasitol 27: 514–522.
-
8.
Craven RB, Maupin GO, Beard ML, Quan TJ, Barnes AM, 1993. Reported cases of human plague infections in the United States, 1970–1991. J Med Entomol 30: 758–761.
-
9.
Eisen RJ, Eisen L, Gage KL, 2009. Studies of vector competency and efficiency of North American fleas for Yersinia pestis: state of the field and future research needs. J Med Entomol 46: 737–744.
-
10.
Engelthaler DM, Hinnebusch BJ, Rittner CM, Gage KL, 2000. Quantitative competitive PCR as a technique for exploring flea - Yersinia pestis dynamics. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 552–560.
-
11.
Eisen RJ, Bearden SW, Wilder AP, Montenieri JA, Antolin MF, Gage KL, 2006. Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas as a mechanism explaining rapidly spreading plague epizootics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 15380–15385.
-
12.
Biggerstaff B, 2006. PooledInfRate: a Microsoft Excel Add-In to Compute Prevalence Estimates from Pooled Samples. Fort Collins, CO: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
-
13.
Eisen RJ, Borchert JN, Holmes JL, Amatre G, Van Wyk K, Enscore RE, Babi N, Atiku LA, Wilder AP, Vetter SM, Bearden SW, Montenieri JA, Gage KL, 2008. Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and their potential role as vectors in a plague-endemic region of Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 949–956.
-
14.
Eisen RJ, Holmes JL, Schotthoefer AM, Vetter SM, Montenieri JA, Gage KL, 2008. Demonstration of early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by the mouse flea, Aetheca wagneri (Siphonaptera: Ceratophylidae), and implications for the role of deer mice as enzootic reservoirs. J Med Entomol 45: 1160–1164.
-
15.
Eisen RJ, Lowell JL, Montenieri JA, Bearden SW, Gage KL, 2007. Temporal dynamics of early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas: secondary infectious feeds prolong efficient transmission by Oropsylla montana (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae). J Med Entomol 44: 672–677.
-
16.
Eisen RJ, Wilder AP, Bearden SW, Montenieri JA, Gage KL, 2007. Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) is as efficient as transmission by blocked fleas. J Med Entomol 44: 678–682.
-
17.
Wilder AP, Eisen RJ, Bearden SW, Montenieri JA, Gage KL, Antolin MF, 2008. Oropsylla hirsuta (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) can support plague epizootics in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) by early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8: 359–367.
-
18.
Wilder AP, Eisen RJ, Bearden SW, Montenieri JA, Tripp DW, Brinkerhoff RJ, Gage KL, Antolin MF, 2008. Transmission efficiency of two flea species (Oropsylla tuberculata cynomuris and Oropsylla hirsuta) involved in plague epizootics among prairie dogs. EcoHealth 5: 205–212.
-
19.
Douglas JR, Wheeler CM, 1941. Sylvatic plague studies. II. The fate of Pasteurelia pestis in the flea. J Infect Dis 72: 18–30.
-
20.
Eskey CR, Haas VH, 1940. Plague in Rodents and Fleas in the Western Part of the United States. Public Health Bulletin: 83.
-
21.
Lorange EA, Race BL, Sebbane F, Hinnebusch BJ, 2005. Poor vector competence of fleas and the evolution of hypervirulence in Yersinia pestis. J Infect Dis 191: 1907–1912.
-
22.
Wheeler CM, Douglas JR, 1945. Sylvatic plague studies. 5. The determination of vector efficiency. J Infect Dis 77: 1–12.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 430 | 403 | 30 |
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Exposing Laboratory-Reared Fleas to Soil and Wild Flea Feces Increases Transmission of Yersinia pestis
Ryan T. Jones
Ryan T. Jones
Division of Vector-Borne Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Sara M. Vetter
Sara M. Vetter
Division of Vector-Borne Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Kenneth L. Gage
Kenneth L. Gage
Division of Vector-Borne Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Laboratory-reared Oropsylla montana were exposed to soil and wild-caught Oropsylla montana feces for 1 week. Fleas from these two treatments and a control group of laboratory-reared fleas were infected with Yersinia pestis, the etiological agent of plague. Fleas exposed to soil transmitted Y. pestis to mice at a significantly greater rate (50.0% of mice were infected) than control fleas (23.3% of mice were infected). Although the concentration of Y. pestis in fleas did not differ among treatments, the minimum transmission efficiency of fleas from the soil and wild flea feces treatments (6.9% and 7.6%, respectively) were more than three times higher than in control fleas (2.2%). Our results suggest that exposing laboratory-reared fleas to diverse microbes alters transmission of Y. pestis.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Ryan T. Jones, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, E-mail: DrRyanJones@gmail.com. Sara M. Vetter, Minnesota State Health Department - Virology/Immunology Unit, St. Paul, MN, E-mail: smvetter@hotmail.com. Kenneth L. Gage, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Division of Vector-Borne Disease, Fort Collins, CO, E-mail: klg0@cdc.gov.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Chandler JA, Lang JM, Bhatnagar S, Eisen JA, Kopp A, 2011. Bacterial communities of diverse Drosophila species: ecological context of a host-microbe model system. PLoS Genet 7: e1002272.
-
2.
Jones RT, Vetter SM, Montenieiri J, Holmes J, Bernhardt SA, Gage KL, 2013. Yersinia pestis infection and laboratory conditions alter flea-associated bacterial communities. ISME J 7: 224–228.
-
3.
Lehman RM, Lundgren JG, Petzke LM, 2009. Bacterial communities associated with the digestive tract of the predatory ground beetle, Poecilus chalcites, and their modification by laboratory rearing and antibiotic treatment. Microb Ecol 57: 349–358.
-
4.
Tsiropoulos GJ, 1983. Microflora associated with wild and laboratory reared adult olive fruit flies, Dacus-oleae (GMEL). Z Ang Entomol-J Appl Entomol 96: 337–340.
-
5.
Wang H, Jin L, Zhang H, 2011. Comparison of the diversity of the bacterial communities in the intestinal tract of adult Bactrocera dorsalis from three different populations. J Appl Microbiol 110: 1390–1401.
-
6.
Azambuja P, Garcia ES, Ratcliffe NA, 2005. Gut microbiota and parasite transmission by insect vectors. Trends Parasitol 21: 568–572.
-
7.
Weiss B, Aksoy S, 2011. Microbiome influences on insect host vector competence. Trends Parasitol 27: 514–522.
-
8.
Craven RB, Maupin GO, Beard ML, Quan TJ, Barnes AM, 1993. Reported cases of human plague infections in the United States, 1970–1991. J Med Entomol 30: 758–761.
-
9.
Eisen RJ, Eisen L, Gage KL, 2009. Studies of vector competency and efficiency of North American fleas for Yersinia pestis: state of the field and future research needs. J Med Entomol 46: 737–744.
-
10.
Engelthaler DM, Hinnebusch BJ, Rittner CM, Gage KL, 2000. Quantitative competitive PCR as a technique for exploring flea - Yersinia pestis dynamics. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 552–560.
-
11.
Eisen RJ, Bearden SW, Wilder AP, Montenieri JA, Antolin MF, Gage KL, 2006. Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas as a mechanism explaining rapidly spreading plague epizootics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 15380–15385.
-
12.
Biggerstaff B, 2006. PooledInfRate: a Microsoft Excel Add-In to Compute Prevalence Estimates from Pooled Samples. Fort Collins, CO: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
-
13.
Eisen RJ, Borchert JN, Holmes JL, Amatre G, Van Wyk K, Enscore RE, Babi N, Atiku LA, Wilder AP, Vetter SM, Bearden SW, Montenieri JA, Gage KL, 2008. Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and their potential role as vectors in a plague-endemic region of Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 949–956.
-
14.
Eisen RJ, Holmes JL, Schotthoefer AM, Vetter SM, Montenieri JA, Gage KL, 2008. Demonstration of early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by the mouse flea, Aetheca wagneri (Siphonaptera: Ceratophylidae), and implications for the role of deer mice as enzootic reservoirs. J Med Entomol 45: 1160–1164.
-
15.
Eisen RJ, Lowell JL, Montenieri JA, Bearden SW, Gage KL, 2007. Temporal dynamics of early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas: secondary infectious feeds prolong efficient transmission by Oropsylla montana (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae). J Med Entomol 44: 672–677.
-
16.
Eisen RJ, Wilder AP, Bearden SW, Montenieri JA, Gage KL, 2007. Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) is as efficient as transmission by blocked fleas. J Med Entomol 44: 678–682.
-
17.
Wilder AP, Eisen RJ, Bearden SW, Montenieri JA, Gage KL, Antolin MF, 2008. Oropsylla hirsuta (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) can support plague epizootics in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) by early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8: 359–367.
-
18.
Wilder AP, Eisen RJ, Bearden SW, Montenieri JA, Tripp DW, Brinkerhoff RJ, Gage KL, Antolin MF, 2008. Transmission efficiency of two flea species (Oropsylla tuberculata cynomuris and Oropsylla hirsuta) involved in plague epizootics among prairie dogs. EcoHealth 5: 205–212.
-
19.
Douglas JR, Wheeler CM, 1941. Sylvatic plague studies. II. The fate of Pasteurelia pestis in the flea. J Infect Dis 72: 18–30.
-
20.
Eskey CR, Haas VH, 1940. Plague in Rodents and Fleas in the Western Part of the United States. Public Health Bulletin: 83.
-
21.
Lorange EA, Race BL, Sebbane F, Hinnebusch BJ, 2005. Poor vector competence of fleas and the evolution of hypervirulence in Yersinia pestis. J Infect Dis 191: 1907–1912.
-
22.
Wheeler CM, Douglas JR, 1945. Sylvatic plague studies. 5. The determination of vector efficiency. J Infect Dis 77: 1–12.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 430 | 403 | 30 |
| Full Text Views | 309 | 12 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 64 | 7 | 1 |