ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2011. World Malaria Report 2011. Available at: http://www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2011/en/.
-
2.
Askling HH, Bruneel F, Burchard G, Castelli F, Chiodini PL, Grobusch MP, Lopez-Velez R, Paul M, Petersen E, Popescu C, Ramharter M, Schlagenhauf P, 2012. Management of imported malaria in Europe. Malar J 11: 328–11. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-328.
-
3.
Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA, 2005. Malaria. Lancet 365: 1487–1498.
-
4.
Jelinek T, Nothdurft HD, Loscher T, 1994. Malaria in nonimmune travelers: a synopsis of history, symptoms, and treatment in 160 patients. J Travel Med 1: 199–202.
-
5.
Svenson JE, Gyorkos TW, MacLean JD, 1995. Diagnosis of malaria in the febrile traveler. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 518–521.
-
6.
Kyronseppa H, Tiula E, Repo H, Lahdevirta J, 1989. Diagnosis of falciparum malaria delayed by long incubation period and misleading presenting symptoms: life-saving role of manual leucocyte differential count. Scand J Infect Dis 21: 117–118.
-
7.
Zoller T, Naucke TJ, May J, Hoffmeister B, Flick H, Williams CJ, Frank C, Bergmann F, Suttorp N, Mockenhaupt FP, 2009. Malaria transmission in non-endemic areas: case report, review of the literature and implications for public health management. Malar J 8: 71.
-
8.
Santos LC, Abreu CF, Xerinda SM, Tavares M, Lucas R, Sarmento AC, 2012. Severe imported malaria in an intensive care unit: a review of 59 cases. Malar J 11: 96. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-96.:96-11.
-
9.
Lee YH, Lee HK, Choi KH, Hah JO, Lim SY, 2001. Transfusion-induced malaria in a child after open heart surgery in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 16: 789–791.
-
10.
Romi R, Boccolini D, Menegon M, Rezza G, 2012. Probable autochthonous introduced malaria cases in Italy in 2009–2011 and the risk of local vector-borne transmission. Euro Surveill 17: 20325.
-
11.
Sinka ME, Bangs MJ, Manguin S, Rubio-Palis Y, Chareonviriyaphap T, Coetzee M, Mbogo CM, Hemingway J, Patil AP, Temperley WH, Gething PW, Kabaria CW, Burkot TR, Harbach RE, Hay SI, 2012. A global map of dominant malaria vectors. Parasit Vectors 5: 69. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-69.:69-5.
-
12.
Daskova NG, Rasnicyn SP, 1982. Review of data on susceptibility of mosquitoes in the USSR to imported strains of malaria parasites. Bull World Health Organ 60: 893–897.
-
13.
Eling W, van Gemert G-J, Akinpelu O, Curtis J, Curtis CF, 2003. Production of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites by Anopheles plumbeus. Eur Mosq Bull 15: 12–13.
-
14.
Tran A, Poncon N, Toty C, Linard C, Guis H, Ferre JB, Lo SD, Roger F, de la Rocque S, Fontenille D, Baldet T, 2008. Using remote sensing to map larval and adult populations of Anopheles hyrcanus (Diptera: Culicidae) a potential malaria vector in southern France. Int J Health Geogr 7: 9. doi:10.1186/1476-072X-7-9.:9-7.
-
15.
Schaffner F, Thiery I, Kaufmann C, Zettor A, Lengeler C, Mathis A, Bourgouin C, 2012. Anopheles plumbeus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Europe: a mere nuisance mosquito or potential malaria vector? Malar J 11: 393. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-393.:393-11.
-
16.
Delemarre BJ, van der Kaay HJ, 1979. Tropical malaria contracted the natural way in The Netherlands [in Dutch]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 123: 1981–1982.
-
17.
Delemarre-van de Waal HA, de Waal FC, 1981. A second patient with tropical malaria contracted in a natural way in The Netherlands [in Dutch]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 125: 375–377.
-
18.
Guillet P, Germain MC, Giacomini T, Chandre F, Akogbeto M, Faye O, Kone A, Manga L, Mouchet J, 1998. Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France. Trop Med Int Health 3: 700–705.
-
19.
Van den EJ, Lynen L, Elsen P, Colebunders R, Demey H, Depraetere K, De SK, Peetermans WE, de Pereira AP, Vogelaers D, 1998. A cluster of airport malaria in Belgium in 1995. Acta Clin Belg 53: 259–7263.
-
20.
Russell RC, 1987. Survival of insects in the wheel bays of a Boeing 747B aircraft on flights between tropical and temperate airports. Bull World Health Organ 65: 659–662.
-
21.
Russell RC, Paton R, 1989. In-flight disinsection as an efficacious procedure for preventing international transport of insects of public health importance. Bull World Health Organ 67: 543–547.
-
22.
Alkhunaizi AM, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Shawaf MH, 2008. Transfusion-transmitted malaria in a kidney transplant recipient. How safe is our blood transfusion? Saudi Med J 29: 293–295.
-
23.
Vareil MO, Tandonnet O, Chemoul A, Bogreau H, Saint-Leger M, Micheau M, Millet P, Koeck JL, Boyer A, Rogier C, Malvy D, 2011. Unusual transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, Bordeaux, France, 2009. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 248–250.
-
24.
Besson P, Robert JF, Reviron J, Richard-Lenoble D, Gentilini M, 1976. Two cases of transfusional malaria. Attempted prevention combining an indirect immunofluorescence test with clinical selection criteria [in French]. Rev Fr Transfus Immunohematol 19: 369–373.
-
25.
Imwong M, Boel ME, Pagornrat W, Pimanpanarak M, McGready R, Day NP, Nosten F, White NJ, 2012. The first Plasmodium vivax relapses of life are usually genetically homologous. J Infect Dis 205: 680–683.
-
26.
Danis K, Baka A, Lenglet A, Van BW, Terzaki I, Tseroni M, Detsis M, Papanikolaou E, Balaska A, Gewehr S, Dougas G, Sideroglou T, Economopoulou A, Vakalis N, Tsiodras S, Bonovas S, Kremastinou J, 2011. Autochthonous Plasmodium vivax malaria in Greece, 2011. Euro Surveill 16: 19993.
-
27.
Florescu SA, Popescu CP, Calistru P, Ceausu E, Nica M, Toderan A, Zaharia M, Parola P, 2011. Plasmodium vivax malaria in a Romanian traveler returning from Greece, August 2011. Euro Surveill 16: 19954.
-
28.
Santa-Olalla PP, Vazquez-Torres MC, Latorre-Fandos E, Mairal-Claver P, Cortina-Solano P, Puy-Azon A, Adiego SB, Leitmeyer K, Lucientes-Curdi J, Sierra-Moros MJ, 2010. First autochthonous malaria case due to Plasmodium vivax since eradication, Spain, October 2010. Euro Surveill 15: 19684.
-
29.
Armengaud A, Legros F, Quatresous I, Barre H, Valayer P, Fanton Y, D’Ortenzio E, Schaffner F, 2006. A case of autochthonous Plasmodium vivax malaria, Corsica, August 2006. Euro Surveill 11: E061116.
-
30.
Chin W, Coatney GR, 1971. Relapse activity in sporozoite-induced infections with a West African strain of Plasmodium ovale. Am J Trop Med Hyg 20: 825–827.
-
31.
Trager W, Most H, 1963. A long-delayed primary attack of ovale malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg: 12: 837–839.
-
32.
Greenwood T, Vikerfors T, Sjoberg M, Skeppner G, Farnert A, 2008. Febrile Plasmodium falciparum malaria 4 years after exposure in a man with sickle cell disease. Clin Infect Dis 47: e39–e41.
-
33.
Theunissen C, Janssens P, Demulder A, Nouboussie D, Van-Esbroeck M, Van-Gompel A, Van-Denende J, 2009. Falciparum malaria in patient 9 years after leaving malaria-endemic area. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 115–116.
-
34.
Giobbia M, Tonon E, Zanatta A, Cesaris L, Vaglia A, Bisoffi Z, 2005. Late recrudescence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a pregnant woman: a case report. Int J Infect Dis 9: 234–235.
-
35.
Krajden S, Panisko DM, Tobe B, Yang J, Keystone JS, 1991. Prolonged infection with Plasmodium falciparum in a semi-immune patient. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85: 731–732.
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Two Cases of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in the Netherlands without Recent Travel to a Malaria-Endemic Country
Joop E. Arends
Joop E. Arends
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Municipal Health Service, Midden-Nederland, Zeist, The Netherlands; Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jan Jelrik Oosterheert
Jan Jelrik Oosterheert
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Municipal Health Service, Midden-Nederland, Zeist, The Netherlands; Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Marleen M. Kraaij-Dirkzwager
Marleen M. Kraaij-Dirkzwager
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Municipal Health Service, Midden-Nederland, Zeist, The Netherlands; Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jan A. Kaan
Jan A. Kaan
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Municipal Health Service, Midden-Nederland, Zeist, The Netherlands; Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ewout B. Fanoy
Ewout B. Fanoy
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Municipal Health Service, Midden-Nederland, Zeist, The Netherlands; Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Pieter-Jan Haas
Pieter-Jan Haas
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Municipal Health Service, Midden-Nederland, Zeist, The Netherlands; Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ernst-Jan Scholte
Ernst-Jan Scholte
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Municipal Health Service, Midden-Nederland, Zeist, The Netherlands; Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Laetitia M. Kortbeek
Laetitia M. Kortbeek
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Municipal Health Service, Midden-Nederland, Zeist, The Netherlands; Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sanjay U. C. Sankatsing
Sanjay U. C. Sankatsing
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Municipal Health Service, Midden-Nederland, Zeist, The Netherlands; Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Recently, two patients of African origin were given a diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria without recent travel to a malaria-endemic country. This observation highlights the importance for clinicians to consider tropical malaria in patients with fever. Possible transmission routes of P. falciparum to these patients will be discussed. From a public health perspective, international collaboration is crucial when potential cases of European autochthonous P. falciparum malaria in Europe re considered.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Joop E. Arends, Jan Jelrik Oosterheert, and Pieter-Jan Haas, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands, E-mails: j.e.arends@umcutrecht.nl, j.j.oosterheert@umcutrecht.nl, and p.j.a.haas@umcutrecht.nl. Marleen M. Kraaij-Dirkzwager, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, E-mail: marleen.kraaij@rivm.nl. Jan A. Kaan, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, E-mail: jkaan@diakhuis.nl. Ewout B. Fanoy, Infectieziekten, Municipal Health, Midden-Nederland, Zeist, The Netherlands, E-mail: efanoy@ggdmn.nl. Ernst-Jan Scholte, Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 7, Wageningen 6700 EH, The Netherlands, E-mail: e.j.scholte@minlnv.nl. Laetitia M. Kortbeek, Department of Diagnostic Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven 3720BA, The Netherlands, E-mail: titia.kortbeek@rivm.nl. Sanjay U. C. Sankatsing, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, E-mail: ssankatsing@diakhuis.nl.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2011. World Malaria Report 2011. Available at: http://www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2011/en/.
-
2.
Askling HH, Bruneel F, Burchard G, Castelli F, Chiodini PL, Grobusch MP, Lopez-Velez R, Paul M, Petersen E, Popescu C, Ramharter M, Schlagenhauf P, 2012. Management of imported malaria in Europe. Malar J 11: 328–11. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-328.
-
3.
Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA, 2005. Malaria. Lancet 365: 1487–1498.
-
4.
Jelinek T, Nothdurft HD, Loscher T, 1994. Malaria in nonimmune travelers: a synopsis of history, symptoms, and treatment in 160 patients. J Travel Med 1: 199–202.
-
5.
Svenson JE, Gyorkos TW, MacLean JD, 1995. Diagnosis of malaria in the febrile traveler. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 518–521.
-
6.
Kyronseppa H, Tiula E, Repo H, Lahdevirta J, 1989. Diagnosis of falciparum malaria delayed by long incubation period and misleading presenting symptoms: life-saving role of manual leucocyte differential count. Scand J Infect Dis 21: 117–118.
-
7.
Zoller T, Naucke TJ, May J, Hoffmeister B, Flick H, Williams CJ, Frank C, Bergmann F, Suttorp N, Mockenhaupt FP, 2009. Malaria transmission in non-endemic areas: case report, review of the literature and implications for public health management. Malar J 8: 71.
-
8.
Santos LC, Abreu CF, Xerinda SM, Tavares M, Lucas R, Sarmento AC, 2012. Severe imported malaria in an intensive care unit: a review of 59 cases. Malar J 11: 96. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-96.:96-11.
-
9.
Lee YH, Lee HK, Choi KH, Hah JO, Lim SY, 2001. Transfusion-induced malaria in a child after open heart surgery in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 16: 789–791.
-
10.
Romi R, Boccolini D, Menegon M, Rezza G, 2012. Probable autochthonous introduced malaria cases in Italy in 2009–2011 and the risk of local vector-borne transmission. Euro Surveill 17: 20325.
-
11.
Sinka ME, Bangs MJ, Manguin S, Rubio-Palis Y, Chareonviriyaphap T, Coetzee M, Mbogo CM, Hemingway J, Patil AP, Temperley WH, Gething PW, Kabaria CW, Burkot TR, Harbach RE, Hay SI, 2012. A global map of dominant malaria vectors. Parasit Vectors 5: 69. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-69.:69-5.
-
12.
Daskova NG, Rasnicyn SP, 1982. Review of data on susceptibility of mosquitoes in the USSR to imported strains of malaria parasites. Bull World Health Organ 60: 893–897.
-
13.
Eling W, van Gemert G-J, Akinpelu O, Curtis J, Curtis CF, 2003. Production of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites by Anopheles plumbeus. Eur Mosq Bull 15: 12–13.
-
14.
Tran A, Poncon N, Toty C, Linard C, Guis H, Ferre JB, Lo SD, Roger F, de la Rocque S, Fontenille D, Baldet T, 2008. Using remote sensing to map larval and adult populations of Anopheles hyrcanus (Diptera: Culicidae) a potential malaria vector in southern France. Int J Health Geogr 7: 9. doi:10.1186/1476-072X-7-9.:9-7.
-
15.
Schaffner F, Thiery I, Kaufmann C, Zettor A, Lengeler C, Mathis A, Bourgouin C, 2012. Anopheles plumbeus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Europe: a mere nuisance mosquito or potential malaria vector? Malar J 11: 393. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-393.:393-11.
-
16.
Delemarre BJ, van der Kaay HJ, 1979. Tropical malaria contracted the natural way in The Netherlands [in Dutch]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 123: 1981–1982.
-
17.
Delemarre-van de Waal HA, de Waal FC, 1981. A second patient with tropical malaria contracted in a natural way in The Netherlands [in Dutch]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 125: 375–377.
-
18.
Guillet P, Germain MC, Giacomini T, Chandre F, Akogbeto M, Faye O, Kone A, Manga L, Mouchet J, 1998. Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France. Trop Med Int Health 3: 700–705.
-
19.
Van den EJ, Lynen L, Elsen P, Colebunders R, Demey H, Depraetere K, De SK, Peetermans WE, de Pereira AP, Vogelaers D, 1998. A cluster of airport malaria in Belgium in 1995. Acta Clin Belg 53: 259–7263.
-
20.
Russell RC, 1987. Survival of insects in the wheel bays of a Boeing 747B aircraft on flights between tropical and temperate airports. Bull World Health Organ 65: 659–662.
-
21.
Russell RC, Paton R, 1989. In-flight disinsection as an efficacious procedure for preventing international transport of insects of public health importance. Bull World Health Organ 67: 543–547.
-
22.
Alkhunaizi AM, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Shawaf MH, 2008. Transfusion-transmitted malaria in a kidney transplant recipient. How safe is our blood transfusion? Saudi Med J 29: 293–295.
-
23.
Vareil MO, Tandonnet O, Chemoul A, Bogreau H, Saint-Leger M, Micheau M, Millet P, Koeck JL, Boyer A, Rogier C, Malvy D, 2011. Unusual transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, Bordeaux, France, 2009. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 248–250.
-
24.
Besson P, Robert JF, Reviron J, Richard-Lenoble D, Gentilini M, 1976. Two cases of transfusional malaria. Attempted prevention combining an indirect immunofluorescence test with clinical selection criteria [in French]. Rev Fr Transfus Immunohematol 19: 369–373.
-
25.
Imwong M, Boel ME, Pagornrat W, Pimanpanarak M, McGready R, Day NP, Nosten F, White NJ, 2012. The first Plasmodium vivax relapses of life are usually genetically homologous. J Infect Dis 205: 680–683.
-
26.
Danis K, Baka A, Lenglet A, Van BW, Terzaki I, Tseroni M, Detsis M, Papanikolaou E, Balaska A, Gewehr S, Dougas G, Sideroglou T, Economopoulou A, Vakalis N, Tsiodras S, Bonovas S, Kremastinou J, 2011. Autochthonous Plasmodium vivax malaria in Greece, 2011. Euro Surveill 16: 19993.
-
27.
Florescu SA, Popescu CP, Calistru P, Ceausu E, Nica M, Toderan A, Zaharia M, Parola P, 2011. Plasmodium vivax malaria in a Romanian traveler returning from Greece, August 2011. Euro Surveill 16: 19954.
-
28.
Santa-Olalla PP, Vazquez-Torres MC, Latorre-Fandos E, Mairal-Claver P, Cortina-Solano P, Puy-Azon A, Adiego SB, Leitmeyer K, Lucientes-Curdi J, Sierra-Moros MJ, 2010. First autochthonous malaria case due to Plasmodium vivax since eradication, Spain, October 2010. Euro Surveill 15: 19684.
-
29.
Armengaud A, Legros F, Quatresous I, Barre H, Valayer P, Fanton Y, D’Ortenzio E, Schaffner F, 2006. A case of autochthonous Plasmodium vivax malaria, Corsica, August 2006. Euro Surveill 11: E061116.
-
30.
Chin W, Coatney GR, 1971. Relapse activity in sporozoite-induced infections with a West African strain of Plasmodium ovale. Am J Trop Med Hyg 20: 825–827.
-
31.
Trager W, Most H, 1963. A long-delayed primary attack of ovale malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg: 12: 837–839.
-
32.
Greenwood T, Vikerfors T, Sjoberg M, Skeppner G, Farnert A, 2008. Febrile Plasmodium falciparum malaria 4 years after exposure in a man with sickle cell disease. Clin Infect Dis 47: e39–e41.
-
33.
Theunissen C, Janssens P, Demulder A, Nouboussie D, Van-Esbroeck M, Van-Gompel A, Van-Denende J, 2009. Falciparum malaria in patient 9 years after leaving malaria-endemic area. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 115–116.
-
34.
Giobbia M, Tonon E, Zanatta A, Cesaris L, Vaglia A, Bisoffi Z, 2005. Late recrudescence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a pregnant woman: a case report. Int J Infect Dis 9: 234–235.
-
35.
Krajden S, Panisko DM, Tobe B, Yang J, Keystone JS, 1991. Prolonged infection with Plasmodium falciparum in a semi-immune patient. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85: 731–732.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
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