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-
1.
Hayes EB, Gubler DJ, 2006. West Nile Virus: epidemiology and clinical features of an emerging epidemic in the United States. Annu Rev Med 57: 181–194.
-
2.
Burkhalter KL, Lindsay R, Anderson R, Dibernardo A, Fong W, Nasci RS, 2006. Evaluation of commercial assays for detecting West Nile virus antigen. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22: 64–69.
-
3.
Williges E, Farajollahi A, Nelder MP, Gaugler R, 2009. Comparative field analyses of rapid analyte measurement platform and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays for West Nile virus surveillance. J Vector Ecol 34: 324–328.
-
4.
Beasley DW, Davis CT, Guzman H, Vanlandingham DL, Amelia PA, Travassos da Rosa AP, Parsons RE, Higgs S, Tesh RB, Barrett DT, 2003. Limited evolution of West Nile virus has occurred during its southwesterly spread in the United States. Virology 309: 190–195.
-
5.
Lanciotti RS, Kerst AJ, Nasci RS, Godsey MS, Mitchell CJ, Savage HM, Komar N, Panella NA, Allen BC, Volpe KE, Davis BS, Roehrig JT, 2000. Rapid detection of West Nile virus from human clinical specimens, field-collected mosquitoes, and avian samples by a TaqMan reverse transcriptase-PCR Assay. J Clin Microbiol 38: 4066–4071.
-
6.
Sutherland GL, Nasci RS, 2007. Detection of West Nile virus in large pools of mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 23: 389–395.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 241 | 191 | 13 |
| Full Text Views | 341 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 57 | 6 | 0 |
Evaluation of a Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform for West Nile Virus Detection Based on United States Mosquito Control Programs
Banugopan Kesavaraju
Banugopan Kesavaraju
Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Mercer County Mosquito Control, West Trenton, New Jersey; Medical Entomology Program, Illinois Natural History Survey, Institute for Natural Resource Sustainability, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Fairfax County Health Department, Disease Carrying Insects Program, Fairfax, Virginia
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Ary Farajollahi
Ary Farajollahi
Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Mercer County Mosquito Control, West Trenton, New Jersey; Medical Entomology Program, Illinois Natural History Survey, Institute for Natural Resource Sustainability, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Fairfax County Health Department, Disease Carrying Insects Program, Fairfax, Virginia
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Richard L. Lampman
Richard L. Lampman
Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Mercer County Mosquito Control, West Trenton, New Jersey; Medical Entomology Program, Illinois Natural History Survey, Institute for Natural Resource Sustainability, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Fairfax County Health Department, Disease Carrying Insects Program, Fairfax, Virginia
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Michael Hutchinson
Michael Hutchinson
Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Mercer County Mosquito Control, West Trenton, New Jersey; Medical Entomology Program, Illinois Natural History Survey, Institute for Natural Resource Sustainability, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Fairfax County Health Department, Disease Carrying Insects Program, Fairfax, Virginia
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Nina M. Krasavin
Nina M. Krasavin
Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Mercer County Mosquito Control, West Trenton, New Jersey; Medical Entomology Program, Illinois Natural History Survey, Institute for Natural Resource Sustainability, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Fairfax County Health Department, Disease Carrying Insects Program, Fairfax, Virginia
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Sonya E. Graves
Sonya E. Graves
Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Mercer County Mosquito Control, West Trenton, New Jersey; Medical Entomology Program, Illinois Natural History Survey, Institute for Natural Resource Sustainability, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Fairfax County Health Department, Disease Carrying Insects Program, Fairfax, Virginia
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Sammie L. Dickson
Sammie L. Dickson
Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Mercer County Mosquito Control, West Trenton, New Jersey; Medical Entomology Program, Illinois Natural History Survey, Institute for Natural Resource Sustainability, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Fairfax County Health Department, Disease Carrying Insects Program, Fairfax, Virginia
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The rapid analyte measurement platform (RAMP) system is an immunoassay test for West Nile virus (WNV) detection. Although reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology has been regarded as the gold standard for confirming WNV presence, usage of RAMP testing kits has increased in the past years. We collected RAMP test result data that were subsequently confirmed with RT-PCR methodology from mosquito control agencies to evaluate the efficacy of the RAMP testing. Results indicate that there are a high number of false positives (RAMP positive, RT-PCR negative) with RAMP testing. Correlation between RAMP unit values and RT-PCR cycle threshold values were varied depending on the primer/probe being compared. Comparison of RT-PCR results (on the same samples) between laboratories also indicates variation among the procedures and their potential to influence the RAMP testing efficacies. We discuss the potential issues and solutions that could prevent the high rate of false positives.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Banugopan Kesavaraju and Sammie L. Dickson, Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, UT, E-mails: banu@slcmad.org and sam@slcmad.org. Ary Farajollahi, Mercer County Mosquito Control—Mosquito Control, West Trenton, NJ, E-mail: afarajollahi@mercercounty.org. Richard L. Lampman and Nina M. Krasavin, University of Illinois—Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana-Champaign, IL, E-mails: richlamp@illinois.edu, rlampman@inhs.uiuc.edu, richlamp@sbcglobal.net, and krasavin@uiuc.edu. Michael Hutchinson, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Harrisburg, PA, E-mail: mhutchinso@pa.gov. Sony E. Graves, Fairfax County Health Department—Disease Carrying Insects Program, Fairfax, VA, E-mail: Sonya.Graves@fairfaxcounty.gov.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Hayes EB, Gubler DJ, 2006. West Nile Virus: epidemiology and clinical features of an emerging epidemic in the United States. Annu Rev Med 57: 181–194.
-
2.
Burkhalter KL, Lindsay R, Anderson R, Dibernardo A, Fong W, Nasci RS, 2006. Evaluation of commercial assays for detecting West Nile virus antigen. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22: 64–69.
-
3.
Williges E, Farajollahi A, Nelder MP, Gaugler R, 2009. Comparative field analyses of rapid analyte measurement platform and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays for West Nile virus surveillance. J Vector Ecol 34: 324–328.
-
4.
Beasley DW, Davis CT, Guzman H, Vanlandingham DL, Amelia PA, Travassos da Rosa AP, Parsons RE, Higgs S, Tesh RB, Barrett DT, 2003. Limited evolution of West Nile virus has occurred during its southwesterly spread in the United States. Virology 309: 190–195.
-
5.
Lanciotti RS, Kerst AJ, Nasci RS, Godsey MS, Mitchell CJ, Savage HM, Komar N, Panella NA, Allen BC, Volpe KE, Davis BS, Roehrig JT, 2000. Rapid detection of West Nile virus from human clinical specimens, field-collected mosquitoes, and avian samples by a TaqMan reverse transcriptase-PCR Assay. J Clin Microbiol 38: 4066–4071.
-
6.
Sutherland GL, Nasci RS, 2007. Detection of West Nile virus in large pools of mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 23: 389–395.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 241 | 191 | 13 |
| Full Text Views | 341 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 57 | 6 | 0 |