ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
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Bourhy P, Collet L, Lernout T, Zinini F, Hartskeerl RA, van der Linden H, Thiberge JM, Diancourt L, Brisse S, Giry C, Pettinelli F, Picardeau M, 2012. Human Leptospira isolates circulating in Mayotte (Indian Ocean) have unique serological and molecular features. J Clin Microbiol 50: 307– 311.
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Bourhy P, Collet L, Clément S, Huerre M, Ave P, Giry C, Pettinelli F, Picardeau M, 2010. Isolation and characterization of new Leptospira genotypes from patients in Mayotte (Indian Ocean). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e724.
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Stoddard RA, Gee JE, Wilkins PP, McCaustland K, Hoffmaster AR, 2009. Detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. through TaqMan polymerase chain reaction targeting the LipL32 gene. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 64: 247– 255.
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Postic D, Riquelme-Sertour N, Merien F, Pérolat P, Baranton G, 2000. Interest of partial 16S rDNA gene sequences to resolve heterogeneities between Leptospira collections: application to L. meyeri. Res Microbiol 151: 333– 341.
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Soubeyran Y, 2008. Espèces Exotiques Envahissantes dans les Collectivités Françaises d’Outre-Mer. Etats des Lieux et Recommandations. Synthèse par Collectivité. Paris, France: Comité français de l’UICN.
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Cox TE, Smythe LD, Leung LKP, 2005. Flying foxes as carrier of pathogenic Leptospira species. J Wildl Dis 41: 753– 757.
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-
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Tulsiani SM, Cobbold RN, Graham GC, Dohnt MF, Burns M-A, Leung LK-P, Field HE, Smythe LD, Craig SB, 2011. The role of fruit bats in the transmission of pathogenic leptospires in Australia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 105: 71– 84.
-
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Perolat P, Poingt J-P, Vie J-C, Jouaneau C, Baranton G, Gysin J, 1992. Occurrence of severe leptospirosis in a breeding colony of squirrel monkeys. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46: 538– 545.
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Pereira MM, Da Silva JJ, Pinto MA, Da Silva MF, Machado MP, Lenzi HL, Marchevsky RS, 2005. Experimental leptospirosis in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus): a new model for studies of severe pulmonary leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 13– 20.
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Similarities in Leptospira Serogroup and Species Distribution in Animals and Humans in the Indian Ocean Island of Mayotte
Amélie Desvars
Amélie Desvars
Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Parasitologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion (GHSR), Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR), Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; INRA, UR346 Unité d'Epidémiologie Animale, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; Centre Régional de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes de l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose, Paris, France
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Florence Naze
Florence Naze
Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Parasitologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion (GHSR), Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR), Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; INRA, UR346 Unité d'Epidémiologie Animale, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; Centre Régional de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes de l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose, Paris, France
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Gwenaël Vourc'h
Gwenaël Vourc'h
Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Parasitologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion (GHSR), Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR), Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; INRA, UR346 Unité d'Epidémiologie Animale, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; Centre Régional de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes de l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose, Paris, France
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Eric Cardinale
Eric Cardinale
Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Parasitologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion (GHSR), Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR), Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; INRA, UR346 Unité d'Epidémiologie Animale, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; Centre Régional de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes de l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose, Paris, France
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Mathieu Picardeau
Mathieu Picardeau
Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Parasitologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion (GHSR), Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR), Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; INRA, UR346 Unité d'Epidémiologie Animale, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; Centre Régional de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes de l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose, Paris, France
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Alain Michault
Alain Michault
Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Parasitologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion (GHSR), Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR), Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; INRA, UR346 Unité d'Epidémiologie Animale, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; Centre Régional de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes de l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose, Paris, France
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Pascale Bourhy
Pascale Bourhy
Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Parasitologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion (GHSR), Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR), Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; INRA, UR346 Unité d'Epidémiologie Animale, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; Centre Régional de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes de l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose, Paris, France
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Our objective was to identify local animal reservoirs of leptospirosis to explain the unusual features of Leptospira strains recently described among patients on the island of Mayotte. By means of a microscopic agglutination test using local clinical isolates, we found that 11.2% of black rats were seropositive to Leptospira, whereas 10.2% of flying foxes, 2% of lemurs, 93.1% of domestic dogs, and 87.5% of stray dogs were seropositive. As observed in humans, Mini was the main serogroup circulating in animals, whereas serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae was absent. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we also showed that 29.8% of rats carried leptospires in their kidneys. The sequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences of Leptospira found in black rat kidneys identified four genomospecies (Leptospira borgpetersenii, Leptospira interrogans, Leptospira kirschneri, and L. borgpetersenii group B), which established black rats as the major source of leptospirosis transmission to humans. The origins of such a genetic diversity in Leptospira strains are discussed.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was funded by the Institut Pasteur and the French Ministry of Health (InVS).
Authors' addresses: Amélie Desvars, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Parasitologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion (GHSR), Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR), Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France; and Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France, E-mail: amel.desvars@gmail.com. Florence Naze and Alain Michault, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Parasitologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion (GHSR), Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR), Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France, E-mails: florence.naze@chr-reunion.fr and alain.michault@chr-reunion.fr. Gwenaël Vourc’h, INRA, UR346 Unité d'Epidémiologie Animale, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France, E-mail: gwenael.vourch@clermont.inra.fr. Eric Cardinale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France, E-mail: eric.cardinale@cirad.fr. Mathieu Picardeau and Pascale Bourhy, Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, E-mails: mathieu.picardeau@pasteur.fr and pbourhy@pasteur.fr.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
McBride AJ, Athanazio DA, Reis MG, Ko AI, 2005. Leptospirosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 18: 376– 386.
-
2.
Levett PN, 2001. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 14: 296– 326.
-
3.
Bourhy P, Collet L, Lernout T, Zinini F, Hartskeerl RA, van der Linden H, Thiberge JM, Diancourt L, Brisse S, Giry C, Pettinelli F, Picardeau M, 2012. Human Leptospira isolates circulating in Mayotte (Indian Ocean) have unique serological and molecular features. J Clin Microbiol 50: 307– 311.
-
4.
Bourhy P, Collet L, Clément S, Huerre M, Ave P, Giry C, Pettinelli F, Picardeau M, 2010. Isolation and characterization of new Leptospira genotypes from patients in Mayotte (Indian Ocean). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e724.
-
5.
Desvars A, Duval T, Punelle C, Pascal M, Vourc'h G, 2009. The flying-fox Pteropus seychellensis in Mayotte (Comoros): capture and blood sample methods. J Wildl Dis 45: 870– 873.
-
6.
West G, Heard DJ, Caulkett N, 2007. Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell.
-
7.
Parliament and the Council of the European Union, 2010. Directive 2010/63/UE of the European Parliament and Council of September 22, 2010, relative to the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Union E, ed. Official Journal, L 276/33-L 276/79.
-
8.
Faine S, Adler B, Bolin C, Pérolat P, 1999. Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Melbourne, Australia: MediSci.
-
9.
Kwok-Keung K, Meiyun Wu S, Morin Nissom P, Oh SK, Choo AB, 2008. Generation of high-level stable transgene expressing human embryonic stem cell lines using Chinese hamster elongation factor-1alpha promoter system. Stem Cells Dev 17: 825– 836.
-
10.
Stoddard RA, Gee JE, Wilkins PP, McCaustland K, Hoffmaster AR, 2009. Detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. through TaqMan polymerase chain reaction targeting the LipL32 gene. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 64: 247– 255.
-
11.
Mérien F, Amouriaux P, Pérolat P, Baranton G, Saint-Girons I, 1992. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Leptospira spp. in clinical sample. J Clin Microbiol 30: 2219– 2224.
-
12.
Postic D, Riquelme-Sertour N, Merien F, Pérolat P, Baranton G, 2000. Interest of partial 16S rDNA gene sequences to resolve heterogeneities between Leptospira collections: application to L. meyeri. Res Microbiol 151: 333– 341.
-
13.
Soubeyran Y, 2008. Espèces Exotiques Envahissantes dans les Collectivités Françaises d’Outre-Mer. Etats des Lieux et Recommandations. Synthèse par Collectivité. Paris, France: Comité français de l’UICN.
-
14.
Smythe LD, Field HE, Barnett LJ, Smith CS, Dohnt MF, Symonds ML, Moore MR, Rolfe PF, 2002. Leptospiral antibodies in flying foxes in Australia. J Wildl Dis 38: 182– 186.
-
15.
Cox TE, Smythe LD, Leung LKP, 2005. Flying foxes as carrier of pathogenic Leptospira species. J Wildl Dis 41: 753– 757.
-
16.
O'Brien J, 2011. Bats of the western Indian Ocean islands. Animals 1: 259– 290.
-
17.
Tulsiani SM, Cobbold RN, Graham GC, Dohnt MF, Burns M-A, Leung LK-P, Field HE, Smythe LD, Craig SB, 2011. The role of fruit bats in the transmission of pathogenic leptospires in Australia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 105: 71– 84.
-
18.
Baulu J, Everard CO, Everard JD, 1987. Leptospires in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) on Barbados. J Wildl Dis 23: 60– 66.
-
19.
Minette HP, Shaffer MF, 1968. Experimental leptospirosis in monkeys. Am J Trop Med Hyg 17: 202– 212.
-
20.
Szonyi B, Agudelo-Flórez P, Ramírez M, Moreno N, Ko AI, 2011. An outbreak of severe leptospirosis in capuchin (Cebus) monkeys. Vet J 188: 237– 239.
-
21.
Perolat P, Poingt J-P, Vie J-C, Jouaneau C, Baranton G, Gysin J, 1992. Occurrence of severe leptospirosis in a breeding colony of squirrel monkeys. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46: 538– 545.
-
22.
Pereira MM, Da Silva JJ, Pinto MA, Da Silva MF, Machado MP, Lenzi HL, Marchevsky RS, 2005. Experimental leptospirosis in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus): a new model for studies of severe pulmonary leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 13– 20.
-
23.
Sykes JE, Hartmann K, Lunn KF, Moore GE, Stoddard RA, Goldstein RE, 2010. 2010 ACVIM small animal consensus statement on leptospirosis: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and prevention. J Vet Intern Med 25: 1– 13.
-
24.
Levett PN, 2003. Usefulness of serologic analysis as a predictor of the infecting serovar in patients with severe leptospirosis. Clin Infect Dis 36: 447– 452.
-
25.
Smythe LD, Wuthiekanun V, Chierakul W, Suputtamongkol Y, Tiengrim S, Dohnt MF, Symonds ML, Slack AT, Apiwattanaporn A, Chueasuwanchai S, Day NP, Peacock SJ, 2009. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is an unreliable predictor of infecting Leptospira serovar in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 695– 697.
-
26.
Brod CS, Aleixo JA, Jouglard SD, Fernandes CP, Teixeira JL, Dellagostin OA, 2005. Evidence of dog as a reservoir for human leptospirosis: a serovar isolation, molecular characterization and its use in a serological survey. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38: 294– 300.
-
27.
Koizumi N, Muto M, Tanikawa T, Mizutani H, Sohmura Y, Hayashi E, Akao N, Hoshino M, Kawabata H, Watanabe H, 2009. Human leptospirosis cases and the prevalence of rats harbouring Leptospira interrogans in urban areas of Tokyo, Japan. J Med Microbiol 58: 1227– 1230.
-
28.
Kawabata H, Sakakibara S, Imai Y, Masuzawa T, Fujita H, Tsurumi M, Sato F, Takano A, Nogami S, Kaneda K, Watanabe H, 2006. First record of Leptospira borgpetersenii isolation in the Amami Islands, Japan. Microbiol Immunol 50: 429– 434.
-
29.
Villanueva SY, Ezoe H, Baterna RA, Yanagihara Y, Muto M, Koizumi N, Fukui T, Okamoto Y, Masuzawa T, Cavinta LL, Gloriani NG, Yoshida S-i, 2010. Serologic and molecular studies of Leptospira and leptospirosis among rats in the Philippines. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 889– 898.
-
30.
Scialfa E, Bolpe J, Bardón JC, Ridao G, Gentile J, Gallicchio O, 2010. Isolation of Leptospira interrogans from suburban rats in Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 42: 126– 128.
-
31.
Collares-Pereira M, Korver H, Terpstra WJ, Santos-Reis M, Ramalhinho MG, Mathias ML, Oom MM, Fons R, Libois R, Petrucci-Fonseca F, 1997. First epidemiological data on pathogenic leptospires isolated on the Azorean islands. Eur J Epidemiol 13: 435– 441.
-
32.
Rahelinirina S, Léon A, Harstskeerl RA, Sertour N, Ahmed A, Raharimanana C, Ferquel E, Garnier M, Chartier L, Duplantier J-M, Rahalison L, Cornet M, 2010. First isolation and direct evidence for the existence of large small-mammal reservoirs of Leptospira sp. in Madagascar. PLoS ONE 5: e14111.
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