ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Aharonowitz G, Koton S, Segal S, Anis E, Green MS, 1999. Epidemiological characteristics of spotted fever in Israel over 26 years. Clin Infect Dis 29: 1321–1322.
-
2.
Mumcuoglu KY, Keysary A, Gilead L, 2002. Mediterranean spotted fever in Israel: a tick-borne disease. Isr Med Assoc J 4: 44–49.
-
3.
Guberman D, Mumcuoglu KY, Keysary A, Ioffe-Uspensky I, Miller J, Galun R, 1996. Prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks from southern Israel. J Med Entomol 33: 979–982.
-
4.
Mumcuoglu KY, Ioffe-Uspensky I, Alkrinawi S, Sarov B, Manor E, Galun R, 2001. Prevalence of vectors of the spotted fever group Rickettsiae and murine typhus in a Bedouin town in Israel. J Med Entomol 38: 458–461.
-
5.
Harrus S, Lior Y, Ephros M, Grisaru-Soen G, Keysary A, Strenger C, Jongejan F, Waner T, Baneth G, 2007. Rickettsia conorii in humans and dogs: a seroepidemiologic survey of two rural villages in Israel. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 133–135.
-
6.
Harrus S, Perlman-Avrahami A, Mumcuoglu KY, Morick D, Baneth G, 2011. Molecular detection of Rickettsia massiliae, Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae and Rickettsia conorii israelensis in ticks from Israel. Clin Microbiol Infect 17: 176–180.
-
7.
Cwilich R, Hadani A, 1969. A note on some cases of human infestation with “hard” ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Refu Vet 26: 79–81.
-
8.
Feldman-Muhsam B, 1986. Ixodid tick attacks on man in Israel: medical implications. Isr J Med Sci 22: 19–23.
-
9.
Feldman-Muhsam B, Shechter R, 1970. Some notes on the genus Boophilus (Ixodidae), with special reference to species found in Israel. J Med Entomol 7: 677–686.
-
10.
Theodor O, Costa M, 1967. Part 1. Ectoparasites. A Survey of the Parasites of Wild Mammals and Birds in Israel. Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 117.
-
11.
Feldman-Muhsam B, 1951. A note on East Mediterranean species of the Haemophysalis. Bull Res Counc Isr 1: 96–107.
-
12.
Waner T, Baneth G, Strenger C, Keysary A, King R, Harrus S, 1999. Antibodies reactive with Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup antigens and the spotted fever group rickettsial antigens, in free-ranging jackals (Canis aureus syriacus) from Israel. Vet Parasitol 82: 121–128.
-
13.
Wallach AD, Shanas U, Mumcuoglu KY, Inbar M, 2008. Ectoparasites on reintroduced roe deer Capreolus capreolus in Israel. J Wildl Dis 44: 693–696.
-
14.
Pegram R, Clifford C, Walker J, Keirans J, 1987. Clarification of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). I. R. sulcatus Neumann, 1908 and R. turanicus Pomerantsev, 1936. Syst Parasitol 10: 3–26.
-
15.
Walker J, Keirans J, Horak I, 2000. The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari, Ixoidae). A Guide to the Brown Ticks of the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-
16.
Feldman-Muhsam B, 1954. Revision of the genus Hyalomma. Bull Res Counc Isr 64: 150–170.
-
17.
Leitner M, Yitzhaki S, Rzotkiewicz S, Keysary A, 2002. Polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis of Mediterranean spotted fever in serum and tissue samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 166–169.
-
18.
Eremeeva ME, Bosserman EA, Demma LJ, Zambrano ML, Blau DM, Dasch GA, 2006. Isolation and identification of Rickettsia massiliae from Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in Arizona. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 5569–5577.
-
19.
Sekeyova Z, Roux V, Raoult D, 2001. Phylogeny of Rickettsia spp. inferred by comparing sequences of ‘gene D', which encodes an intracytoplasmic protein. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51: 1353–1360.
-
20.
Roux V, Raoult D, 2000. Phylogenetic analysis of members of the genus Rickettsia using the gene encoding the outer-membrane protein rOmpB (ompB). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50: 1449–1455.
-
21.
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S, 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24: 1596–1599.
-
22.
Eremeeva ME, Stromdahl EY, 2011. Short report: new spotted fever group Rickettsia in a Rhipicephalus turanicus tick removed from a child in eastern Sicily, Italy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 99–101.
-
23.
Sarih M, Socolovschi C, Boudebouch N, Hassar M, Raoult D, Parola P, 2008. Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks, Morocco. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1067–1073.
-
24.
Raoult D, Fournier PE, Abboud P, Caron F, 2002. First documented human Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 748–749.
-
25.
Parola P, 2006. Rickettsioses in sub-Saharan Africa. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 42–47.
-
26.
Shpynov S, Fournier PE, Rudakov N, Tankibaev M, Tarasevich I, Raoult D, 2004. Detection of a Rickettsia closely related to Rickettsia aeschlimannii, “Rickettsia heilongjiangensis,” Rickettsia sp. strain RpA4, and Ehrlichia muris in ticks collected in Russia and Kazakhstan. J Clin Microbiol 42: 2221–2223.
-
27.
Portillo A, Santibanez P, Santibanez S, Perez-Martinez L, Oteo JA, 2008. Detection of Rickettsia spp. in Haemaphysalis ticks collected in La Rioja, Spain. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8: 653–658.
-
28.
Mura A, Socolovschi C, Ginesta J, Lafrance B, Magnan S, Rolain JM, Davoust B, Raoult D, Parola P, 2008. Molecular detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks from Ethiopia and Chad. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 945–949.
-
29.
Fernandez-Soto P, Diaz Martin V, Perez-Sanchez R, Encinas-Grandes A, 2009. Increased prevalence of Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Castilla y Leon, Spain. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 28: 693–695.
-
30.
Bitam I, Parola P, Matsumoto K, Rolain JM, Baziz B, Boubidi SC, Harrat Z, Belkaid M, Raoult D, 2006. First molecular detection of R. conorii, R. aeschlimannii, and R. massiliae in ticks from Algeria. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 368–372.
-
31.
Loftis AD, Reeves WK, Szumlas DE, Abbassy MM, Helmy IM, Moriarity JR, Dasch GA, 2006. Rickettsial agents in Egyptian ticks collected from domestic animals. Exp Appl Acarol 40: 67–81.
-
32.
Psaroulaki A, Ragiadakou D, Kouris G, Papadopoulos B, Chaniotis B, Tselentis Y, 2006. Ticks, tick-borne rickettsiae, and Coxiella burnetii in the Greek Island of Cephalonia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 389–399.
-
33.
Fernandez-Soto P, Encinas-Grandes A, Perez-Sanchez R, 2003. Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Spain: molecular evidence in Hyalomma marginatum and five other tick species that feed on humans. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 889–890.
-
34.
Pretorius AM, Birtles RJ, 2002. Rickettsia aeschlimannii: a new pathogenic spotted fever group Rickettsia, South Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 874.
-
35.
Brouqui P, Parola P, Fournier PE, Raoult D, 2007. Spotted fever rickettsioses in southern and eastern Europe. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 49: 2–12.
-
36.
Letaief A, 2006. Epidemiology of rickettsioses in North Africa. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 34–41.
-
37.
Parola P, Socolovschi C, Jeanjean L, Bitam I, Fournier PE, Sotto A, Labauge P, Raoult D, 2008. Warmer weather linked to tick attack and emergence of severe rickettsioses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e338.
-
38.
Garcia-Garcia JC, Portillo A, Nunez MJ, Santibanez S, Castro B, Oteo JA, 2010. A patient from Argentina infected with Rickettsia massiliae. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 691–692.
-
39.
Vitale G, Mansuelo S, Rolain JM, Raoult D, 2006. Rickettsia massiliae human isolation. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 174–175.
-
40.
Rolain JM, Maurin M, Vestris G, Raoult D, 1998. In vitro susceptibilities of 27 rickettsiae to 13 antimicrobials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42: 1537–1541.
-
41.
Raoult D, Fournier PE, Eremeeva M, Graves S, Kelly PJ, Oteo JA, Sekeyova Z, Tamura A, Tarasevich I, Zhang L, 2005. Naming of Rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1063: 1–12.
-
42.
Murray RG, Stackebrandt E, 1995. Taxonomic note: implementation of the provisional status Candidatus for incompletely described procaryotes. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45: 186–187.
-
43.
Goldwasser RA, Steiman Y, Klingberg W, Swartz TA, Klingberg MA, 1974. The isolation of strains of rickettsiae of the spotted fever group in Israel and their differentiation from other members of the group by immunofluorescence methods. Scand J Infect Dis 6: 53–62.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 321 | 284 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 496 | 10 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 143 | 9 | 2 |
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ticks Collected from Wild Animals in Israel
Avi Keysary
Avi Keysary
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem
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Marina E. Eremeeva
Marina E. Eremeeva
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem
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Moshe Leitner
Moshe Leitner
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem
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Adi Beth Din
Adi Beth Din
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem
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Mary E. Wikswo
Mary E. Wikswo
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem
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Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu
Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem
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Moshe Inbar
Moshe Inbar
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem
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Arian D. Wallach
Arian D. Wallach
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem
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Uri Shanas
Uri Shanas
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem
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Roni King
Roni King
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem
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Trevor Waner
Trevor Waner
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem
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We report molecular evidence for the presence of spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) in ticks collected from roe deer, addax, red foxes, and wild boars in Israel. Rickettsia aeschlimannii was detected in Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma detritum while Rickettsia massiliae was present in Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks. Furthermore, a novel uncultured SFGR was detected in Haemaphysalis adleri and Haemaphysalis parva ticks from golden jackals. The pathogenicity of the novel SFGR for humans is unknown; however, the presence of multiple SFGR agents should be considered when serological surveillance data from Israel are interpreted because of significant antigenic cross-reactivity among Rickettsia. The epidemiology and ecology of SFGR in Israel appear to be more complicated than was previously believed.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Avi Keysary, Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel, E-mail: rickiticki6@gmail.com. Marina E. Eremeeva, Rickettsial Zoonones Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: m.eremeeva01@gmail.com. Moshe Leitner and Adi Beth Din, Department of Biochemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel, E-mails: moshel@iibr.gov.il and adib@iibr.gov.il. Mary E. Wikswo, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: ezq1@cdc.gov. Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel, E-mail: kostam@cc.huji.ac.il. Moshe Inbar, Arian D. Wallach, and Uri Shanas, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel, E-mails: minbar@research.haifa.ac.il, arian.wallach@bigpond.com, and shanas@research.haifa.ac.il. Roni King, Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem, E-mail: king@npa.org.il. Trevor Waner, Animal Facilities, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel, E-mail: wanertnt@gmail.com
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Aharonowitz G, Koton S, Segal S, Anis E, Green MS, 1999. Epidemiological characteristics of spotted fever in Israel over 26 years. Clin Infect Dis 29: 1321–1322.
-
2.
Mumcuoglu KY, Keysary A, Gilead L, 2002. Mediterranean spotted fever in Israel: a tick-borne disease. Isr Med Assoc J 4: 44–49.
-
3.
Guberman D, Mumcuoglu KY, Keysary A, Ioffe-Uspensky I, Miller J, Galun R, 1996. Prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks from southern Israel. J Med Entomol 33: 979–982.
-
4.
Mumcuoglu KY, Ioffe-Uspensky I, Alkrinawi S, Sarov B, Manor E, Galun R, 2001. Prevalence of vectors of the spotted fever group Rickettsiae and murine typhus in a Bedouin town in Israel. J Med Entomol 38: 458–461.
-
5.
Harrus S, Lior Y, Ephros M, Grisaru-Soen G, Keysary A, Strenger C, Jongejan F, Waner T, Baneth G, 2007. Rickettsia conorii in humans and dogs: a seroepidemiologic survey of two rural villages in Israel. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 133–135.
-
6.
Harrus S, Perlman-Avrahami A, Mumcuoglu KY, Morick D, Baneth G, 2011. Molecular detection of Rickettsia massiliae, Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae and Rickettsia conorii israelensis in ticks from Israel. Clin Microbiol Infect 17: 176–180.
-
7.
Cwilich R, Hadani A, 1969. A note on some cases of human infestation with “hard” ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Refu Vet 26: 79–81.
-
8.
Feldman-Muhsam B, 1986. Ixodid tick attacks on man in Israel: medical implications. Isr J Med Sci 22: 19–23.
-
9.
Feldman-Muhsam B, Shechter R, 1970. Some notes on the genus Boophilus (Ixodidae), with special reference to species found in Israel. J Med Entomol 7: 677–686.
-
10.
Theodor O, Costa M, 1967. Part 1. Ectoparasites. A Survey of the Parasites of Wild Mammals and Birds in Israel. Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 117.
-
11.
Feldman-Muhsam B, 1951. A note on East Mediterranean species of the Haemophysalis. Bull Res Counc Isr 1: 96–107.
-
12.
Waner T, Baneth G, Strenger C, Keysary A, King R, Harrus S, 1999. Antibodies reactive with Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup antigens and the spotted fever group rickettsial antigens, in free-ranging jackals (Canis aureus syriacus) from Israel. Vet Parasitol 82: 121–128.
-
13.
Wallach AD, Shanas U, Mumcuoglu KY, Inbar M, 2008. Ectoparasites on reintroduced roe deer Capreolus capreolus in Israel. J Wildl Dis 44: 693–696.
-
14.
Pegram R, Clifford C, Walker J, Keirans J, 1987. Clarification of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). I. R. sulcatus Neumann, 1908 and R. turanicus Pomerantsev, 1936. Syst Parasitol 10: 3–26.
-
15.
Walker J, Keirans J, Horak I, 2000. The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari, Ixoidae). A Guide to the Brown Ticks of the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-
16.
Feldman-Muhsam B, 1954. Revision of the genus Hyalomma. Bull Res Counc Isr 64: 150–170.
-
17.
Leitner M, Yitzhaki S, Rzotkiewicz S, Keysary A, 2002. Polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis of Mediterranean spotted fever in serum and tissue samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 166–169.
-
18.
Eremeeva ME, Bosserman EA, Demma LJ, Zambrano ML, Blau DM, Dasch GA, 2006. Isolation and identification of Rickettsia massiliae from Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in Arizona. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 5569–5577.
-
19.
Sekeyova Z, Roux V, Raoult D, 2001. Phylogeny of Rickettsia spp. inferred by comparing sequences of ‘gene D', which encodes an intracytoplasmic protein. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51: 1353–1360.
-
20.
Roux V, Raoult D, 2000. Phylogenetic analysis of members of the genus Rickettsia using the gene encoding the outer-membrane protein rOmpB (ompB). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50: 1449–1455.
-
21.
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S, 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24: 1596–1599.
-
22.
Eremeeva ME, Stromdahl EY, 2011. Short report: new spotted fever group Rickettsia in a Rhipicephalus turanicus tick removed from a child in eastern Sicily, Italy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 99–101.
-
23.
Sarih M, Socolovschi C, Boudebouch N, Hassar M, Raoult D, Parola P, 2008. Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks, Morocco. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1067–1073.
-
24.
Raoult D, Fournier PE, Abboud P, Caron F, 2002. First documented human Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 748–749.
-
25.
Parola P, 2006. Rickettsioses in sub-Saharan Africa. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 42–47.
-
26.
Shpynov S, Fournier PE, Rudakov N, Tankibaev M, Tarasevich I, Raoult D, 2004. Detection of a Rickettsia closely related to Rickettsia aeschlimannii, “Rickettsia heilongjiangensis,” Rickettsia sp. strain RpA4, and Ehrlichia muris in ticks collected in Russia and Kazakhstan. J Clin Microbiol 42: 2221–2223.
-
27.
Portillo A, Santibanez P, Santibanez S, Perez-Martinez L, Oteo JA, 2008. Detection of Rickettsia spp. in Haemaphysalis ticks collected in La Rioja, Spain. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8: 653–658.
-
28.
Mura A, Socolovschi C, Ginesta J, Lafrance B, Magnan S, Rolain JM, Davoust B, Raoult D, Parola P, 2008. Molecular detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks from Ethiopia and Chad. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 945–949.
-
29.
Fernandez-Soto P, Diaz Martin V, Perez-Sanchez R, Encinas-Grandes A, 2009. Increased prevalence of Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Castilla y Leon, Spain. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 28: 693–695.
-
30.
Bitam I, Parola P, Matsumoto K, Rolain JM, Baziz B, Boubidi SC, Harrat Z, Belkaid M, Raoult D, 2006. First molecular detection of R. conorii, R. aeschlimannii, and R. massiliae in ticks from Algeria. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 368–372.
-
31.
Loftis AD, Reeves WK, Szumlas DE, Abbassy MM, Helmy IM, Moriarity JR, Dasch GA, 2006. Rickettsial agents in Egyptian ticks collected from domestic animals. Exp Appl Acarol 40: 67–81.
-
32.
Psaroulaki A, Ragiadakou D, Kouris G, Papadopoulos B, Chaniotis B, Tselentis Y, 2006. Ticks, tick-borne rickettsiae, and Coxiella burnetii in the Greek Island of Cephalonia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 389–399.
-
33.
Fernandez-Soto P, Encinas-Grandes A, Perez-Sanchez R, 2003. Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Spain: molecular evidence in Hyalomma marginatum and five other tick species that feed on humans. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 889–890.
-
34.
Pretorius AM, Birtles RJ, 2002. Rickettsia aeschlimannii: a new pathogenic spotted fever group Rickettsia, South Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 874.
-
35.
Brouqui P, Parola P, Fournier PE, Raoult D, 2007. Spotted fever rickettsioses in southern and eastern Europe. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 49: 2–12.
-
36.
Letaief A, 2006. Epidemiology of rickettsioses in North Africa. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 34–41.
-
37.
Parola P, Socolovschi C, Jeanjean L, Bitam I, Fournier PE, Sotto A, Labauge P, Raoult D, 2008. Warmer weather linked to tick attack and emergence of severe rickettsioses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e338.
-
38.
Garcia-Garcia JC, Portillo A, Nunez MJ, Santibanez S, Castro B, Oteo JA, 2010. A patient from Argentina infected with Rickettsia massiliae. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 691–692.
-
39.
Vitale G, Mansuelo S, Rolain JM, Raoult D, 2006. Rickettsia massiliae human isolation. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 174–175.
-
40.
Rolain JM, Maurin M, Vestris G, Raoult D, 1998. In vitro susceptibilities of 27 rickettsiae to 13 antimicrobials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42: 1537–1541.
-
41.
Raoult D, Fournier PE, Eremeeva M, Graves S, Kelly PJ, Oteo JA, Sekeyova Z, Tamura A, Tarasevich I, Zhang L, 2005. Naming of Rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1063: 1–12.
-
42.
Murray RG, Stackebrandt E, 1995. Taxonomic note: implementation of the provisional status Candidatus for incompletely described procaryotes. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45: 186–187.
-
43.
Goldwasser RA, Steiman Y, Klingberg W, Swartz TA, Klingberg MA, 1974. The isolation of strains of rickettsiae of the spotted fever group in Israel and their differentiation from other members of the group by immunofluorescence methods. Scand J Infect Dis 6: 53–62.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 321 | 284 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 496 | 10 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 143 | 9 | 2 |