ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Dupouy-Camet J, Gavinet MF, Paugam A, Tourte Schaffer CI, 1993. Mode de contamination, incidence et prevalence de la toxoplasmose. Med Mal Infect 23: 139–147.
-
2.
Bouratbine A, Siala E, Chahed MK, Aoun K, Ben Ismail R, 2001. Sero-epidemiologic profile of toxoplasmosis in northern Tunisia. Parasite 8: 61–66.
-
3.
Costa JM, Dardé ML, Assouline B, Vidaud M, Bretagne S, 1997. Microsatellite in the beta-tubulin gene of Toxoplasma gondii as a new genetic marker for use in direct screening of amniotic fluids. J Clin Microbiol 35: 2542–2545.
-
4.
Ajzenberg D, Cogné N, Paris L, Bessières MH, Thulliez P, Filisetti D, Pelloux H, Marty P, Dardé ML, 2002. Genotype of 86 Toxoplasma gondii isolates associated with human congenital toxoplasmosis, and correlation with clinical findings. J Infect Dis 186: 684–689.
-
5.
Dunn D, Wallon M, Peyron F, Petersen E, Peckham C, Gilbert R, 1999. Mother-to-child transmission of toxoplasmosis: risk estimates for clinical counseling. Lancet 353: 1829–1833.
-
6.
Gallego C, Saavedra-Matiz C, Gómez-Marín JE, 2006. Direct genotyping of animal and human isolates of Toxoplasma gondii from Colombia (South America). Acta Trop 97: 161–167.
-
7.
Dubey JP, Graham DH, Dahl E, Hilali M, El-Ghaysh A, Sreekumar C, Kwok OCH, Shen SK, Lehmann T, 2003. Isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from chickens and ducks from Egypt. Vet Parasitol 114: 89–95.
-
8.
Dubey JP, Karhemere S, Dahl E, Sreekumar C, Diabate' A, Dabire' KR, Vianna MCB, Kwok OCH, Lehmann T, 2005. First biologic and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens from Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Kenya). J Parasitol 91: 69–72.
-
9.
Velmurugan GV, Dubey JP, Su C, 2008. Genotyping studies of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from Africa revealed that the archetypal clonal lineages predominate as in North America and Europe. Vet Parasitol 155: 314–318.
-
10.
Genot S, Franck J, Forel JM, Rebaudet S, Ajzenberg D, de Paula AM, Dardé ML, Stein A, Ranque S, 2007. Severe Toxoplasma gondii I/III recombinant-genotype encephalitis in a human immunodeficiency virus patient. J Clin Microbiol 45: 3138–3140.
-
11.
Ajzenberg D, Yera H, Marty P, Paris L, Dalle F, Menotti J, Aubert D, Franck J, Bessières MH, Quinio D, Pelloux H, Delhaes L, Desbois N, Thulliez P, Robert-Gangneux F, Kauffmann-Lacroix C, Pujol S, Rabodonirina M, Bougnoux ME, Cuisenier B, Duhamel C, Duong TH, Filisetti D, Flori P, Gay-Andrieu F, Pratlong F, Nevez G, Totet A, Carme B, Bonnabau H, Dardé ML, Villena I, 2009. Genotype of 88 Toxoplasma gondii isolates associated with toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients and correlation with clinical findings. J Infect Dis 199: 1155–1167.
-
12.
Abdel-Hameed DM, Hassanein OM, 2008. Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from female patients with toxoplasmosis. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 38: 511–520.
-
13.
Fazaeli A, Carter PE, Pennington TH, 2000. Intergenic spacer (IGS) polymorphism: a new genetic marker for differentiation of Toxoplasma gondii strains and Neospora caninum. J Parasitol 86: 716–723.
-
14.
Khan A, Su C, German M, Storch GA, Clifford DB, Sibley LD, 2005. Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from immunocompromised patients reveals high prevalence of type I strains. J Clin Microbiol 43: 5881–5887.
-
15.
Siala E, Ben Abdallah R, Delabesse E, Aoun K, Paris L, Bouratbine A, 2007. Contribution of the real time PCR in antenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Tunis Med 85: 385–388.
-
16.
Ben Abdallah R, Aoun K, Siala E, Souissi O, Maatoug R, Hlioui S, Bouratbine A, 2009. Congenital toxoplasmosis: clinical and biological analysis of 11 cases in Tunisia. Arch Pediatr 16: 118–121.
-
17.
Howe DK, Honoré S, Derouin F, Sibley LD, 1997. Determination of genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from patients with toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol 35: 1411–1414.
-
18.
Su C, Zhang X, Dubey JP, 2006. Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii by multilocus PCR-RFLP markers: a high resolution and simple method for identification of parasites. Int J Parasitol 36: 841–848.
-
19.
Lindström I, Kaddu-Mulindwa DH, Kironde F, Lindh J, 2006. Prevalence of latent and reactivated Toxoplasma gondii parasites in HIV-patients from Uganda. Acta Trop 100: 218–222.
-
20.
Fuentes I, Rubio JM, Ramírez C, Alvar J, 2001. Genotypic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains associated with human toxoplasmosis in Spain: direct analysis from clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol 39: 1566–1570.
-
21.
Ajzenberg D, Dumetre A, Dardé ML, 2005. Multiplex PCR for typing strains of Toxoplasma gondii. J Clin Microbiol 43: 1940–1943.
-
22.
Lindström I, Sundar N, Lindh J, Kironde F, Kabasa JD, Kwok OC, Dubey JP, Smith JE, 2007. Isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from Ugandan chickens reveals frequent multiple infections. Parasitology 135: 39–45.
-
23.
Bontell I, Hall N, Ashelford EK, Dubey JP, Boyle PJ, Lindh J, Smith EJ, 2009. Whole genome sequencing of a natural recombinant Toxoplasma gondii strain reveals chromosome sorting and local allelic variants. Genome Biol 10: R53.
-
24.
Aspinall TV, Guy EC, Roberts KE, Joynson DH, Hyde JE, Sims PF, 2003. Molecular evidence for multiple Toxoplasma gondii infections in individual patients in England and Wales: public health implications. Int J Parasitol 33: 97–103.
-
25.
Aspinall TV, Marlee D, Hyde JE, Sims PF, 2002. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in commercial meat products as monitored by polymerase chain reaction–food for thought? Int J Parasitol 32: 1193–1199.
-
26.
Cook AJ, Gilbert RE, Buffolano W, Zufferey J, Petersen E, Jenum PA, Foulon W, Semprini AE, Dunn DT, 2000. Sources of Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: European multicentre case-control study. European Research Network on Congenital Toxoplasmosis. BMJ 321: 142–147.
-
27.
Dubey JP, Sundar N, Hill D, Velmurugan GV, Bandini LA, Kwok OCH, Majumdar D, Su C, 2008. High prevalence and abundant atypical genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from lambs destined for human consumption in the USA. Int J Parasitol 38: 999–1006.
-
28.
Ben Rachid MS, Blaha R, 1970. Human and animal toxoplasmosis in Tunisia. Tunis Med 48: 101–110.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 462 | 384 | 27 |
| Full Text Views | 652 | 14 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 156 | 8 | 1 |
Direct Genotypic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii Strains Associated with Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Tunisia (North Africa)
Sonia Boughattas
Sonia Boughattas
Laboratoire de Recherche 05SP03, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Rym Ben-Abdallah
Rym Ben-Abdallah
Laboratoire de Recherche 05SP03, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Emna Siala
Emna Siala
Laboratoire de Recherche 05SP03, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Olfa Souissi
Olfa Souissi
Laboratoire de Recherche 05SP03, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Karim Aoun
Karim Aoun
Laboratoire de Recherche 05SP03, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Aïda Bouratbine
Aïda Bouratbine
Laboratoire de Recherche 05SP03, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Here, we determined the Toxoplasma gondii genotype in amniotic fluid, placenta, and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 14 congenital toxoplasmosis cases in Tunisia, North Africa. Direct genotypic characterization of T. gondii strains was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of six genetic markers (3'SAG2, 5' SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, and APICO) and thereafter, was analyzed by restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP). Samples were sequenced to resolve strain type whenever there were unclear enzyme digestion results. Multilocus analysis revealed that only one specimen harbored the type I allele in all studied loci, whereas the 13 others gave mixed genotype results with different alleles at different markers. Seven specimens produced RFLP profile of the recombinant strains I/III, and three produced a profile of I/II recombinant strains. The last three specimens produced complex digestion patterns. In these cases, sequence analysis revealed double peaks at known polymorphic sites, indicating the presence of multiple alleles.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Technology in Tunisia and carried out within the framework of the Research Lab “Parasitoses emergentes” LR 05SP03.
Authors' addresses: Sonia Boughattas, Rym Ben-abdallah, Emna Siala, Olfa Souissi, Karim Aoun, and Aïda Bouratbine, LR “Parasitoses emergentes,” Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis Belvedère, Tunisia, E-mails: bsonia0@yahoo.fr, olfasouissi75@yahoo.fr, rym.benabdallah@pasteur.rns.tn, emna.siala@pasteur.rns.tn, karim.aoun@pasteur.rns.tn, and aida.bouratbine@pasteur.rns.tn.
Reprint requests: Aïda Bouratbine, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis Belvedère, Tunisia, E-mail: aida.bouratbine@pasteur.rns.tn.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Dupouy-Camet J, Gavinet MF, Paugam A, Tourte Schaffer CI, 1993. Mode de contamination, incidence et prevalence de la toxoplasmose. Med Mal Infect 23: 139–147.
-
2.
Bouratbine A, Siala E, Chahed MK, Aoun K, Ben Ismail R, 2001. Sero-epidemiologic profile of toxoplasmosis in northern Tunisia. Parasite 8: 61–66.
-
3.
Costa JM, Dardé ML, Assouline B, Vidaud M, Bretagne S, 1997. Microsatellite in the beta-tubulin gene of Toxoplasma gondii as a new genetic marker for use in direct screening of amniotic fluids. J Clin Microbiol 35: 2542–2545.
-
4.
Ajzenberg D, Cogné N, Paris L, Bessières MH, Thulliez P, Filisetti D, Pelloux H, Marty P, Dardé ML, 2002. Genotype of 86 Toxoplasma gondii isolates associated with human congenital toxoplasmosis, and correlation with clinical findings. J Infect Dis 186: 684–689.
-
5.
Dunn D, Wallon M, Peyron F, Petersen E, Peckham C, Gilbert R, 1999. Mother-to-child transmission of toxoplasmosis: risk estimates for clinical counseling. Lancet 353: 1829–1833.
-
6.
Gallego C, Saavedra-Matiz C, Gómez-Marín JE, 2006. Direct genotyping of animal and human isolates of Toxoplasma gondii from Colombia (South America). Acta Trop 97: 161–167.
-
7.
Dubey JP, Graham DH, Dahl E, Hilali M, El-Ghaysh A, Sreekumar C, Kwok OCH, Shen SK, Lehmann T, 2003. Isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from chickens and ducks from Egypt. Vet Parasitol 114: 89–95.
-
8.
Dubey JP, Karhemere S, Dahl E, Sreekumar C, Diabate' A, Dabire' KR, Vianna MCB, Kwok OCH, Lehmann T, 2005. First biologic and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens from Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Kenya). J Parasitol 91: 69–72.
-
9.
Velmurugan GV, Dubey JP, Su C, 2008. Genotyping studies of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from Africa revealed that the archetypal clonal lineages predominate as in North America and Europe. Vet Parasitol 155: 314–318.
-
10.
Genot S, Franck J, Forel JM, Rebaudet S, Ajzenberg D, de Paula AM, Dardé ML, Stein A, Ranque S, 2007. Severe Toxoplasma gondii I/III recombinant-genotype encephalitis in a human immunodeficiency virus patient. J Clin Microbiol 45: 3138–3140.
-
11.
Ajzenberg D, Yera H, Marty P, Paris L, Dalle F, Menotti J, Aubert D, Franck J, Bessières MH, Quinio D, Pelloux H, Delhaes L, Desbois N, Thulliez P, Robert-Gangneux F, Kauffmann-Lacroix C, Pujol S, Rabodonirina M, Bougnoux ME, Cuisenier B, Duhamel C, Duong TH, Filisetti D, Flori P, Gay-Andrieu F, Pratlong F, Nevez G, Totet A, Carme B, Bonnabau H, Dardé ML, Villena I, 2009. Genotype of 88 Toxoplasma gondii isolates associated with toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients and correlation with clinical findings. J Infect Dis 199: 1155–1167.
-
12.
Abdel-Hameed DM, Hassanein OM, 2008. Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from female patients with toxoplasmosis. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 38: 511–520.
-
13.
Fazaeli A, Carter PE, Pennington TH, 2000. Intergenic spacer (IGS) polymorphism: a new genetic marker for differentiation of Toxoplasma gondii strains and Neospora caninum. J Parasitol 86: 716–723.
-
14.
Khan A, Su C, German M, Storch GA, Clifford DB, Sibley LD, 2005. Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from immunocompromised patients reveals high prevalence of type I strains. J Clin Microbiol 43: 5881–5887.
-
15.
Siala E, Ben Abdallah R, Delabesse E, Aoun K, Paris L, Bouratbine A, 2007. Contribution of the real time PCR in antenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Tunis Med 85: 385–388.
-
16.
Ben Abdallah R, Aoun K, Siala E, Souissi O, Maatoug R, Hlioui S, Bouratbine A, 2009. Congenital toxoplasmosis: clinical and biological analysis of 11 cases in Tunisia. Arch Pediatr 16: 118–121.
-
17.
Howe DK, Honoré S, Derouin F, Sibley LD, 1997. Determination of genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from patients with toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol 35: 1411–1414.
-
18.
Su C, Zhang X, Dubey JP, 2006. Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii by multilocus PCR-RFLP markers: a high resolution and simple method for identification of parasites. Int J Parasitol 36: 841–848.
-
19.
Lindström I, Kaddu-Mulindwa DH, Kironde F, Lindh J, 2006. Prevalence of latent and reactivated Toxoplasma gondii parasites in HIV-patients from Uganda. Acta Trop 100: 218–222.
-
20.
Fuentes I, Rubio JM, Ramírez C, Alvar J, 2001. Genotypic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains associated with human toxoplasmosis in Spain: direct analysis from clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol 39: 1566–1570.
-
21.
Ajzenberg D, Dumetre A, Dardé ML, 2005. Multiplex PCR for typing strains of Toxoplasma gondii. J Clin Microbiol 43: 1940–1943.
-
22.
Lindström I, Sundar N, Lindh J, Kironde F, Kabasa JD, Kwok OC, Dubey JP, Smith JE, 2007. Isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from Ugandan chickens reveals frequent multiple infections. Parasitology 135: 39–45.
-
23.
Bontell I, Hall N, Ashelford EK, Dubey JP, Boyle PJ, Lindh J, Smith EJ, 2009. Whole genome sequencing of a natural recombinant Toxoplasma gondii strain reveals chromosome sorting and local allelic variants. Genome Biol 10: R53.
-
24.
Aspinall TV, Guy EC, Roberts KE, Joynson DH, Hyde JE, Sims PF, 2003. Molecular evidence for multiple Toxoplasma gondii infections in individual patients in England and Wales: public health implications. Int J Parasitol 33: 97–103.
-
25.
Aspinall TV, Marlee D, Hyde JE, Sims PF, 2002. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in commercial meat products as monitored by polymerase chain reaction–food for thought? Int J Parasitol 32: 1193–1199.
-
26.
Cook AJ, Gilbert RE, Buffolano W, Zufferey J, Petersen E, Jenum PA, Foulon W, Semprini AE, Dunn DT, 2000. Sources of Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: European multicentre case-control study. European Research Network on Congenital Toxoplasmosis. BMJ 321: 142–147.
-
27.
Dubey JP, Sundar N, Hill D, Velmurugan GV, Bandini LA, Kwok OCH, Majumdar D, Su C, 2008. High prevalence and abundant atypical genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from lambs destined for human consumption in the USA. Int J Parasitol 38: 999–1006.
-
28.
Ben Rachid MS, Blaha R, 1970. Human and animal toxoplasmosis in Tunisia. Tunis Med 48: 101–110.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 462 | 384 | 27 |
| Full Text Views | 652 | 14 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 156 | 8 | 1 |