ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
2.
Mackenzie JS, Gubler DJ, Petersen LR, 2004. Emerging flaviviruses: the spread and resurgence of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and dengue viruses. Nat Med 10: S98–S109.
-
3.
Bhamarapravati N, Tuchinda P, Boonyapaknavik V, 1967. Pathology of Thailand haemorrhagic fever: a study of 100 autopsy cases. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 61: 500–510.
-
4.
WHO, 1997. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
5.
Shepard DS, Suaya JA, Halstead SB, Nathan MB, Gubler DJ, Mahoney RT, Wang DNC, Meltzer MI, 2004. Cost-effectiveness of a pediatric dengue vaccine. Vaccine 22: 1275–1280.
-
6.
Halstead SB, 2003. Neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue viruses. Adv Virus Res 60: 421–467.
-
7.
Guha-Sapir D, Schimmer B, 2005. Dengue fever: new paradigms for a changing epidemiology. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 73: 1–10.
-
8.
Wu YC, 1986. Epidemic dengue 2 on Liouchyou Shian, Pingtune County in 1981. Chin J Microbiol Immunol 19: 203–211.
-
9.
Harn MR, Chiang YL, Tian MJ, Chang YH, Ko YC, 1993. The 1991 dengue epidemic in Kaohsiung City. J Formos Med Assoc 92: (Suppl 1): S39–S43.
-
10.
Huang JH, Liao TL, Chang SF, Su CL, Chien LJ, Kuo YC, Yang CF, Lin CC, Shu PY, 2007. Laboratory-based dengue surveillance in Taiwan, 2005: a molecular epidemiologic study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 903–909.
-
11.
Lei HY, Huang JH, Huang KJ, Chang CM, 2002. Current status of dengue control program in Taiwan. Dengue Bull 26: 14–23.
-
12.
Wu PC, Guo HR, Lung SC, Lin CY, Su HJ, 2007. Weather as an effective predictor for occurrence of dengue fever in Taiwan. Acta Trop 103: 50–57.
-
13.
Innis BL, Nisalak A, Nimmannitya S, Kusalerdchariya S, Chongswasdi V, Suntayakorn S, Puttisri P, Hoke CH, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to characterize dengue infections where dengue and Japanese encephalitis co-circulate. Am J Trop Med Hyg 40: 418–427.
-
14.
Kuno G, Gómez I, Gubler DJ, 1991. An ELISA procedure for the diagnosis of dengue infections. J Virol Methods 33: 101–113.
-
15.
Shu PY, Chen LK, Chang SF, Yueh YY, Chow L, Chien LJ, Chin C, Lin TH, Huang JH, 2003. Comparison of capture immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nonstructural protein NS1 serotype-specific IgG ELISA for differentiation of primary and secondary dengue virus infections. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 10: 622–630.
-
16.
Shu PY, Chang SF, Yueh YY, Chow L, Chien LJ, Kuo YC, Su CL, Liao TL, Lin TH, Huang JH, 2004. Current status of dengue diagnosis at the Center for Disease Control, Taiwan. Dengue Bull 28: 107–117.
-
17.
Shu PY, Huang JH, 2004. Current advances in dengue diagnosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11: 642–650.
-
18.
Falconar AK, de Plata E, Romero-Vivas CM, 2006. Altered enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgG optical density ratios can correctly classify all primary or secondary dengue virus infections 1 day after the onset of symptoms, when all of the viruses can be isolated. Clin Vaccine Immunol 13: 1044–1051.
-
19.
Shu PY, Chang SF, Kuo YC, Yueh YY, Chien LJ, Sue CL, Lin TH, Huang JH, 2003. Development of group- and serotypespecific one-step SYBR green I real-time reverse transcription-PCR for dengue virus. J Clin Microbiol 41: 2408–2416.
-
20.
Wu YC, Huang YS, Chien LJ, Lin TL, Yueh YY, Tseng WL, Chang KJ, Wang GR, 1999. The epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis on Taiwan during 1966–1997. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 78–84.
-
21.
Guzman MG, Kouri G, Halstead SB, 2000. Do escape mutants explain rapid increases in dengue case-fatality rates within epidemics? Lancet 355: 1902–1903.
-
22.
Kan CC, Lee PF, Wen TH, Chao DY, Wu MH, Lin NH, Huang SYJ, Shang CS, Fan IC, Shu PY, Huang JH, King CC, Pai L, 2008. Two clustering diffusion patterns identified from the 2001–2003 dengue epidemic, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 344–352.
-
23.
Rahman M, Rahman K, Siddque AK, Shoma S, Kamal AHM, Ali KS, Nisaluk A, Breiman RF, 2002. First outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 738–740.
-
24.
Guzman MG, Kouri G, Valdes L, Bravo J, Alvarez M, Vazques S, Delgado I, Halstead SB, 1997. Epidemiologic studies on dengue in Santiago de Cuba. Am J Epidemiol 152: 793–799.
-
25.
Vaughn DW, 2000. Invited commentary: Dengue lessons from Cuba. Am J Epidemiol 152: 800–803.
-
26.
Guzman MG, Kouri G, Bravo J, Valdes L, Vazquez S, Halstead SB, 2002. Effect of age on outcome of secondary dengue 2 infection. Int J Infect Dis 6: 118–124.
-
27.
Siqueira JB, Martelli CMT, Coelho GE, Simplicio ACR, Hatch DL, 2005. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, Brazil, 1981–2002. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 48–53.
-
28.
Ooi EE, Goh KT, Gubler DJ, 2006. Dengue prevention and 35 years of vector control in Singapore. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 887–893.
-
29.
Balmaseda A, Hammond SN, Perez L, Tellez Y, Saborio SI, Mercado JC, Cuadra R, Rocha J, Perez MA, Silva S, Rocha C, Harris E, 2006. Serotype-specific differences in clinical manifestations of dengue. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 449–456.
-
30.
Hammond SN, Balmaseda A, Perez L, Tellez Y, Saborio SI, Mercado JC, Videa E, Rodriguez Y, Perez MA, Cuadra R, Solano S, Rocha J, Idiaquez W, Gonzalez A, Harris E, 2005. Differences in dengue severity in infants, children, and adults in a 3-year hospital-based study in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 1063–1070.
-
31.
Wichmann O, Hongsiriwon S, Bowonwatanuwong C, Chotivanich K, Sukthana Y, Pukrittayakamee S, 2004. Risk factors and clinical features associated with severe dengue infection in adults and children during the 2001 epidemic in Chonburi, Thailand. Trop Med Int Health 9: 1022–1029.
-
32.
Kittigul L, Pitakarnjanakul P, Sujirarat D, Siripanichgon K, 2007. The differences of clinical manifestations and laboratory finding in children and adults with dengue virus infection. J Clin Virol 39: 76–81.
-
33.
Liu JW, Khor BS, Lee CH, Lee IK, Chen RF, Yang KD, 2003. Dengue haemorrhagic fever in Taiwan. Dengue Bull 27: 19–24.
-
34.
Liu CC, Huang KJ, Huang MC, Lin JJ, Wang SM, Liu JJ, Tsai JJ, Huang JH, Lin YS, Liu HS, Yeh TM, Lei HY, 2008. High case-fatality rate of adults with dengue hemorrhagic fever during an outbreak in non-endemic Taiwan: risk factors for dengue-infected elders. Am J Infect Dis 4: 10–17.
-
35.
Deen JL, Harris E, Wills B, Balmaseda A, Hammond SN, Rocha C, Dung NM, Hung NT, Hien TT, Farrar J, 2006. The WHO dengue classification and case definitions: time for a reassessment. Lancet 368: 170–173.
-
36.
Burke DS, Nisalak A, Johnson DE, Scott RM, 1988. A prospective study of dengue infections in Bangkok. Am J Trop Med Hyg 38: 172–180.
-
37.
Endy TP, Chunsuttiwat S, Nisalak A, Libraty DH, Gree Sh, Rothman AL, Vaughn DW, Ennis FA, 2002. Epidemiology of inapparent and symptomatic acute dengue virus infection: a prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Epidemiol 156: 40–51.
-
38.
Peragallo MS, Nicoletti L, Lista F, D'Amelio R, 2003. Probable dengue virus infection among Italian Troops, East Timor, 1999–2000. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 876–880.
-
39.
Cobelens FG, Groen J, Osterhaus AD, Leentvaar-Kuipers A, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, Kager PA, 2002. Incidence and risk factors of probable dengue virus infection among Dutch travelers to Asia. Trop Med Int Health 7: 331–338.
-
40.
Wilder-Smith A, Schwartz E, 2008. Dengue in travelers. N Engl J Med 353: 924–932.
-
41.
Lyerla R, Rigau-Perez JG, Vorndam AV, Reiter P, George AM, Potter I, Rm Gubler DJ, 2000. A dengue outbreak among camp participants in a Caribbean island, 1995. J Travel Med 7: 59–63.
-
42.
Seet RC, Ooi EE, Wong HB, Paton NI, 2005. An outbreak of primary dengue infection among migrant Chinese workers in Singapore characterized by prominent gastrointestinal symptoms and a high proportion of symptomatic cases. J Clin Virol 33: 336–340.
-
43.
Danovaro-Holliday MC, Gordon ER, Jumaan AO, Woernle C, Judy RH, Schmid DS, Seward JF, 2004. High rate of varicella complications among Mexican-born adults in Alabama. Clin Infect Dis 39: 1633–1639.
-
44.
Preblud SR, 1981. Age-specific risks of varicella complications. Pediatrics 68: 14–17.
-
45.
Lei HY, Yeh TM, Liu HS, Lin YS, Chen SH, Liu CC, 2001. Immunopathogenesis of dengue virus infection. J Biomed Sci 8: 377–388.
-
46.
Gubler DJ, 2002. Epidemic dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health, social and economic problem in the 21st century. Trends Microbiol 10: 100–103.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 668 | 560 | 49 |
| Full Text Views | 485 | 17 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 233 | 11 | 0 |
Characteristic of Dengue Disease in Taiwan: 2002–2007
Chien-Chou Lin
Chien-Chou Lin
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Yh-Hsiung Huang
Yh-Hsiung Huang
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Pei-Yun Shu
Pei-Yun Shu
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Ho-Sheng Wu
Ho-Sheng Wu
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Yee-Shin Lin
Yee-Shin Lin
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Trai-Ming Yeh
Trai-Ming Yeh
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Hsiao-Sheng Liu
Hsiao-Sheng Liu
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Ching-Chuan Liu
Ching-Chuan Liu
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Huan-Yao Lei
Huan-Yao Lei
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Taiwan's dengue outbreaks have a unique type of transmission: starting by import from abroad in early summer, spreading out locally, and ending in the winter. This pattern repeats every year. Most of the dengue patients are adults, with dengue fever peaking in the 50–54 year age range, and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the 60–64 year age range. Two patterns of dengue infection were found: DENV-2 in 2002 with 74% of secondary infection in contrast to non-DENV-2 (DENV-1 or DENV-3) in 2004–2007 with ~70% of primary infection. Secondary dengue virus infection increases disease morbidity, but not mortality in adults. The active serological surveillance shows two-thirds of the dengue-infected adults are symptomatic post infection. The Taiwanese experience of adult dengue should be valuable for countries or areas where, although dengue is not endemic, the Aedes aegypti vector exists and dengue virus can be introduced by travelers.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work is supported by grant NHRI-98A1-PDCO-0209111 from the National Health Research Institute and grant NSC97-2745-B404-001 from National Science Council, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Authors' addresses: Chien-Chou Lin, Yh-Hsiung Huang, Pei-Yun Shu, and Ho-Sheng Wu, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taiwan, E-mails: jjlin@cdc.gov.tw, jhhuang@cdc.gov.tw, and pyshu@cdc.gov.tw. Yee-Shin Lin, Hsiao-Sheng Liu, and Huan-Yao Lei, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, E-mails: yslin1@mail.ncku.edu.tw, a713@mail.ncku.edu.tw, and hylei@mail.ncku.edu.tw. Trai-Ming Yeh, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, E-mail: today@mail.ncku.edu.tw. Ching-Chuan Liu, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, E-mail: liucc@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
Reprint requests: Huan-Yao Lei, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China, Tel: 886-6-2353535 Ext. 5643, Fax: 886-6-2097825, E-mail: hylei@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
2.
Mackenzie JS, Gubler DJ, Petersen LR, 2004. Emerging flaviviruses: the spread and resurgence of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and dengue viruses. Nat Med 10: S98–S109.
-
3.
Bhamarapravati N, Tuchinda P, Boonyapaknavik V, 1967. Pathology of Thailand haemorrhagic fever: a study of 100 autopsy cases. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 61: 500–510.
-
4.
WHO, 1997. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
5.
Shepard DS, Suaya JA, Halstead SB, Nathan MB, Gubler DJ, Mahoney RT, Wang DNC, Meltzer MI, 2004. Cost-effectiveness of a pediatric dengue vaccine. Vaccine 22: 1275–1280.
-
6.
Halstead SB, 2003. Neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue viruses. Adv Virus Res 60: 421–467.
-
7.
Guha-Sapir D, Schimmer B, 2005. Dengue fever: new paradigms for a changing epidemiology. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 73: 1–10.
-
8.
Wu YC, 1986. Epidemic dengue 2 on Liouchyou Shian, Pingtune County in 1981. Chin J Microbiol Immunol 19: 203–211.
-
9.
Harn MR, Chiang YL, Tian MJ, Chang YH, Ko YC, 1993. The 1991 dengue epidemic in Kaohsiung City. J Formos Med Assoc 92: (Suppl 1): S39–S43.
-
10.
Huang JH, Liao TL, Chang SF, Su CL, Chien LJ, Kuo YC, Yang CF, Lin CC, Shu PY, 2007. Laboratory-based dengue surveillance in Taiwan, 2005: a molecular epidemiologic study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 903–909.
-
11.
Lei HY, Huang JH, Huang KJ, Chang CM, 2002. Current status of dengue control program in Taiwan. Dengue Bull 26: 14–23.
-
12.
Wu PC, Guo HR, Lung SC, Lin CY, Su HJ, 2007. Weather as an effective predictor for occurrence of dengue fever in Taiwan. Acta Trop 103: 50–57.
-
13.
Innis BL, Nisalak A, Nimmannitya S, Kusalerdchariya S, Chongswasdi V, Suntayakorn S, Puttisri P, Hoke CH, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to characterize dengue infections where dengue and Japanese encephalitis co-circulate. Am J Trop Med Hyg 40: 418–427.
-
14.
Kuno G, Gómez I, Gubler DJ, 1991. An ELISA procedure for the diagnosis of dengue infections. J Virol Methods 33: 101–113.
-
15.
Shu PY, Chen LK, Chang SF, Yueh YY, Chow L, Chien LJ, Chin C, Lin TH, Huang JH, 2003. Comparison of capture immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nonstructural protein NS1 serotype-specific IgG ELISA for differentiation of primary and secondary dengue virus infections. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 10: 622–630.
-
16.
Shu PY, Chang SF, Yueh YY, Chow L, Chien LJ, Kuo YC, Su CL, Liao TL, Lin TH, Huang JH, 2004. Current status of dengue diagnosis at the Center for Disease Control, Taiwan. Dengue Bull 28: 107–117.
-
17.
Shu PY, Huang JH, 2004. Current advances in dengue diagnosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11: 642–650.
-
18.
Falconar AK, de Plata E, Romero-Vivas CM, 2006. Altered enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgG optical density ratios can correctly classify all primary or secondary dengue virus infections 1 day after the onset of symptoms, when all of the viruses can be isolated. Clin Vaccine Immunol 13: 1044–1051.
-
19.
Shu PY, Chang SF, Kuo YC, Yueh YY, Chien LJ, Sue CL, Lin TH, Huang JH, 2003. Development of group- and serotypespecific one-step SYBR green I real-time reverse transcription-PCR for dengue virus. J Clin Microbiol 41: 2408–2416.
-
20.
Wu YC, Huang YS, Chien LJ, Lin TL, Yueh YY, Tseng WL, Chang KJ, Wang GR, 1999. The epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis on Taiwan during 1966–1997. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 78–84.
-
21.
Guzman MG, Kouri G, Halstead SB, 2000. Do escape mutants explain rapid increases in dengue case-fatality rates within epidemics? Lancet 355: 1902–1903.
-
22.
Kan CC, Lee PF, Wen TH, Chao DY, Wu MH, Lin NH, Huang SYJ, Shang CS, Fan IC, Shu PY, Huang JH, King CC, Pai L, 2008. Two clustering diffusion patterns identified from the 2001–2003 dengue epidemic, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 344–352.
-
23.
Rahman M, Rahman K, Siddque AK, Shoma S, Kamal AHM, Ali KS, Nisaluk A, Breiman RF, 2002. First outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 738–740.
-
24.
Guzman MG, Kouri G, Valdes L, Bravo J, Alvarez M, Vazques S, Delgado I, Halstead SB, 1997. Epidemiologic studies on dengue in Santiago de Cuba. Am J Epidemiol 152: 793–799.
-
25.
Vaughn DW, 2000. Invited commentary: Dengue lessons from Cuba. Am J Epidemiol 152: 800–803.
-
26.
Guzman MG, Kouri G, Bravo J, Valdes L, Vazquez S, Halstead SB, 2002. Effect of age on outcome of secondary dengue 2 infection. Int J Infect Dis 6: 118–124.
-
27.
Siqueira JB, Martelli CMT, Coelho GE, Simplicio ACR, Hatch DL, 2005. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, Brazil, 1981–2002. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 48–53.
-
28.
Ooi EE, Goh KT, Gubler DJ, 2006. Dengue prevention and 35 years of vector control in Singapore. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 887–893.
-
29.
Balmaseda A, Hammond SN, Perez L, Tellez Y, Saborio SI, Mercado JC, Cuadra R, Rocha J, Perez MA, Silva S, Rocha C, Harris E, 2006. Serotype-specific differences in clinical manifestations of dengue. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 449–456.
-
30.
Hammond SN, Balmaseda A, Perez L, Tellez Y, Saborio SI, Mercado JC, Videa E, Rodriguez Y, Perez MA, Cuadra R, Solano S, Rocha J, Idiaquez W, Gonzalez A, Harris E, 2005. Differences in dengue severity in infants, children, and adults in a 3-year hospital-based study in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 1063–1070.
-
31.
Wichmann O, Hongsiriwon S, Bowonwatanuwong C, Chotivanich K, Sukthana Y, Pukrittayakamee S, 2004. Risk factors and clinical features associated with severe dengue infection in adults and children during the 2001 epidemic in Chonburi, Thailand. Trop Med Int Health 9: 1022–1029.
-
32.
Kittigul L, Pitakarnjanakul P, Sujirarat D, Siripanichgon K, 2007. The differences of clinical manifestations and laboratory finding in children and adults with dengue virus infection. J Clin Virol 39: 76–81.
-
33.
Liu JW, Khor BS, Lee CH, Lee IK, Chen RF, Yang KD, 2003. Dengue haemorrhagic fever in Taiwan. Dengue Bull 27: 19–24.
-
34.
Liu CC, Huang KJ, Huang MC, Lin JJ, Wang SM, Liu JJ, Tsai JJ, Huang JH, Lin YS, Liu HS, Yeh TM, Lei HY, 2008. High case-fatality rate of adults with dengue hemorrhagic fever during an outbreak in non-endemic Taiwan: risk factors for dengue-infected elders. Am J Infect Dis 4: 10–17.
-
35.
Deen JL, Harris E, Wills B, Balmaseda A, Hammond SN, Rocha C, Dung NM, Hung NT, Hien TT, Farrar J, 2006. The WHO dengue classification and case definitions: time for a reassessment. Lancet 368: 170–173.
-
36.
Burke DS, Nisalak A, Johnson DE, Scott RM, 1988. A prospective study of dengue infections in Bangkok. Am J Trop Med Hyg 38: 172–180.
-
37.
Endy TP, Chunsuttiwat S, Nisalak A, Libraty DH, Gree Sh, Rothman AL, Vaughn DW, Ennis FA, 2002. Epidemiology of inapparent and symptomatic acute dengue virus infection: a prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Epidemiol 156: 40–51.
-
38.
Peragallo MS, Nicoletti L, Lista F, D'Amelio R, 2003. Probable dengue virus infection among Italian Troops, East Timor, 1999–2000. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 876–880.
-
39.
Cobelens FG, Groen J, Osterhaus AD, Leentvaar-Kuipers A, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, Kager PA, 2002. Incidence and risk factors of probable dengue virus infection among Dutch travelers to Asia. Trop Med Int Health 7: 331–338.
-
40.
Wilder-Smith A, Schwartz E, 2008. Dengue in travelers. N Engl J Med 353: 924–932.
-
41.
Lyerla R, Rigau-Perez JG, Vorndam AV, Reiter P, George AM, Potter I, Rm Gubler DJ, 2000. A dengue outbreak among camp participants in a Caribbean island, 1995. J Travel Med 7: 59–63.
-
42.
Seet RC, Ooi EE, Wong HB, Paton NI, 2005. An outbreak of primary dengue infection among migrant Chinese workers in Singapore characterized by prominent gastrointestinal symptoms and a high proportion of symptomatic cases. J Clin Virol 33: 336–340.
-
43.
Danovaro-Holliday MC, Gordon ER, Jumaan AO, Woernle C, Judy RH, Schmid DS, Seward JF, 2004. High rate of varicella complications among Mexican-born adults in Alabama. Clin Infect Dis 39: 1633–1639.
-
44.
Preblud SR, 1981. Age-specific risks of varicella complications. Pediatrics 68: 14–17.
-
45.
Lei HY, Yeh TM, Liu HS, Lin YS, Chen SH, Liu CC, 2001. Immunopathogenesis of dengue virus infection. J Biomed Sci 8: 377–388.
-
46.
Gubler DJ, 2002. Epidemic dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health, social and economic problem in the 21st century. Trends Microbiol 10: 100–103.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 668 | 560 | 49 |
| Full Text Views | 485 | 17 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 233 | 11 | 0 |