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-
1.
Eckert J, Schantz PM, Gasser RB, Torgerson PR, Bessonov AS, Movsessian SO, Thakur A, Grimm F, Nikogossian MA, 2001. Geographic distribution and prevalence. Eckert J, Gemmell MA, Meslin FX, Pawlowski ZS, eds. WHO/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals: A Public Health Problem of Global Concern. Paris: World Organization for Animal Health, 100–142.
-
2.
Bessonov AS, 1998. Echinococcus multilocularis infection in Russia and neighboring countries. Helminthologia 35: 73–78.
-
3.
Craig PS, Deshan L, MacPherson CN, Dazhong S, Reynolds D, Barnish G, Gottstein B, Zhorong W, 1992. A large focus of alveolar echinococcosis in central China. Lancet 340: 826–831.
-
4.
Ito A, Urbani C, Qiu JM, Vuitton DA, Qiu DC, Heath DD, Craig PS, Zheng F, Schantz PM, 2003. Control of echinococcosis and cysticercosis: a public health challenge to international cooperation in China. Acta Trop 86: 3–17.
-
5.
Craig PS, The Echinococcosis Working Group in China, 2006. Epidemiology of human alveolar echinococcosis in China. Parasitol Int 55: S221–S225.
-
6.
Ito A, Romig T, Takahashi K, 2003. Perspective on control options for Echinococcus multilocularis with particular reference to Japan. Parasitology 127: S159–S172.
-
7.
Romig T, Dinkel A, Mackenstedt U, 2006. The present situation of echinococcosis in Europe. Parasitol Int 55: S187–S191.
-
8.
Galtsog L, Enkhtsetseg O, Gurbadam A, Narankhajid M, Temuulen D, 2002. First case of Alveococcus multilocularis was diagnosed in Mongolia. Mongolian Med Sci J 122: 27–30.
-
9.
Ebright JR, Altantsetseg T, Oyungerel R, 2003. Emerging infectious diseases in Mongolia. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 1509–1515.
-
10.
Sako Y, Fukuda K, Kobayashi Y, Ito A, 2009. Development of an immunochromatographic test to detect antibodies against recombinant Em18 for diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis. J Clin Microbiol 47: 252–254.
-
11.
Sako Y, Nakao M, Nakaya K, Yamasaki H, Gottstein B, Lightowlers MW, Schantz PM, Ito A, 2002. Alveolar echinococcosis: characterization of diagnostic antigen Em18 and serological evaluation of recombinant Em18. J Clin Microbiol 40: 2760–2765.
-
12.
Ito A, Nakao M, Sako Y, 2007. Echinococcosis: serological detection of patients and molecular identification of parasites. Future Microbiol 2: 439–449.
-
13.
Tappe D, Frosch M, Sako Y, Itoh S, Grüner B, Reuter S, Nakao M, Ito A, Kern P, 2009. Close relationship between clinical regression and specific serology in the follow-up of patients with alveolar echinococcosis in different clinical stages. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 792–797.
-
14.
Fujimoto N, Ito A, Ishikawa Y, Inoue M, Suzuki Y, Ohhira M, Ohtake T, Kohgo Y, 2005. Usefulness of recombinant Em18-ELISA to evaluate efficacy of treatment in patients with alveolar echinococcosis. J Gastroenterol 40: 426–431.
-
15.
Ishikawa Y, Sako Y, Itoh S, Ohtake T, Kohgo Y, Matsuno T, Ohsaki Y, Miyokawa N, Nakao M, Nakaya K, Ito A, 2009. Serological monitoring of progression of alveolar echinococcosis with multi-organ involvement using recombinant Em18. J Clin Microbiol 47: 3191–3196.
-
16.
Davaatseren N, Otogondalai A, Nyamkhuu G, Susher AH, 1995. Management of echinococcosis in Mongolia. J Ark Med Soc 92: 122–125.
-
17.
Nakao M, Xiao N, Okamoto M, Yanagida T, Sako Y, Ito A, 2009. Geographic patterns of genetic variation in the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. Parasitol Int 58: 384–389.
-
18.
Clement M, Posada D, Crandall KA, 2000. TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Mol Ecol 9: 1657–1659.
-
19.
Tang CT, Wang YH, Peng WF, Tang L, Chen D, 2006. Alveolar Echinococcus species from Vulpes corsac in Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia, China, and differential development of the metacestodes in experimental rodents. J Parasitol 92: 719–724.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 197 | 144 | 8 |
| Full Text Views | 397 | 10 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 104 | 8 | 0 |
Histopathological, Serological, and Molecular Confirmation of Indigenous Alveolar Echinococcosis Cases in Mongolia
Akira Ito
Akira Ito
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Gurbadam Agvaandaram
Gurbadam Agvaandaram
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Oyun-Erdene Bat-Ochir
Oyun-Erdene Bat-Ochir
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Batsaikhan Chuluunbaatar
Batsaikhan Chuluunbaatar
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Nyamkhuu Gonchigsenghe
Nyamkhuu Gonchigsenghe
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Tetsuya Yanagida
Tetsuya Yanagida
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Yasuhito Sako
Yasuhito Sako
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Narankhajid Myadagsuren
Narankhajid Myadagsuren
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Temuulen Dorjsuren
Temuulen Dorjsuren
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Kazuhiro Nakaya
Kazuhiro Nakaya
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Minoru Nakao
Minoru Nakao
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Yuji Ishikawa
Yuji Ishikawa
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Abmed Davaajav
Abmed Davaajav
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Nyamkhuu Dulmaa
Nyamkhuu Dulmaa
Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan; Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Alveolar echinococcosis cases diagnosed histopathologically in 2002, 2006, 2007, and 2009 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia were reconfirmed by evaluating the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of mitochondrial DNA. The most recent three cases using paraffin-embedded and ethanol-fixed specimens revealed that one was of the “Asian” haplotype, whereas two others were of the “Inner Mongolian” type. All patients were born in the western provinces of Mongolia, they never resided outside of Mongolia, and they were given a preliminary diagnosis of malignant hepatic tumor or abscess. The most recent two cases were also confirmed serologically to be active alveolar echinococcosis.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for international research projects on cestode zoonoses in Asia (17256002, 21256003) and by the Asia-Africa Science Platform Fund (2006-2011) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (to A.I.). N.M. received a World Health Organization/Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (WHO/TDR) Grant (200075162). Nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper are available in the DNA Data Bank of Japan/GenBank/European Molecular Biology Laboratory (DDBJ/GenBank/EMBL) databases under accession numbers AB510022 (Mongol 2), AB510023 (Mongol 3), AB510024 (Mongol 4), and AB510025 (Mongol 5).
Authors' addresses: Akira Ito, Tetsuya Yanagida, Yasuhito Sako, Minoru Nakao, and Yuji Ishikawa, Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan, E-mails: akiraito@asahikawa-med.ac.jp, yanagida@asahikawa-med.ac.jp, yasusako@asahikawa-med.ac.jp, nakao@asahikawa-med.ac.jp, and iyuji@mvc.biglobe.ne.jp. Gurbadam Agvaandaram, Narankhajid Myadagsuren, and Temuulen Dorjsuren, Department of Medical Biology and Histology, School of Biomedicine, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210648, Mongolia, E-mails: agurbadam@yahoo.com, narankhajid@yahoo.com, and dtemuulen@yahoo.com. Oyun-Erdene Bat-Ochir and Batsaikhan Chuluunbaatar, Center of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar 210648, Mongolia, E-mails: oerdene@yahoo.com and info@pathologycenter.emoh.mn. Nyamkhuu Gonchigsenghe, Department of Surgery, State Central Clinical Hospital, Ulaanbaatar 210648, Mongolia, E-mail: davka64@yahoo.com. Kazuhiro Nakaya, Animal Laboratory for Medical Research, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan, E-mail: nky48@asahikawa-med.ac.jp. Abmed Davaajav and Nyamkhuu Dulmaa, National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar 210648, Mongolia, E-mails: abmed99@yahoo.com and dnyamkhuu@nccd.gov.mn.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Eckert J, Schantz PM, Gasser RB, Torgerson PR, Bessonov AS, Movsessian SO, Thakur A, Grimm F, Nikogossian MA, 2001. Geographic distribution and prevalence. Eckert J, Gemmell MA, Meslin FX, Pawlowski ZS, eds. WHO/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals: A Public Health Problem of Global Concern. Paris: World Organization for Animal Health, 100–142.
-
2.
Bessonov AS, 1998. Echinococcus multilocularis infection in Russia and neighboring countries. Helminthologia 35: 73–78.
-
3.
Craig PS, Deshan L, MacPherson CN, Dazhong S, Reynolds D, Barnish G, Gottstein B, Zhorong W, 1992. A large focus of alveolar echinococcosis in central China. Lancet 340: 826–831.
-
4.
Ito A, Urbani C, Qiu JM, Vuitton DA, Qiu DC, Heath DD, Craig PS, Zheng F, Schantz PM, 2003. Control of echinococcosis and cysticercosis: a public health challenge to international cooperation in China. Acta Trop 86: 3–17.
-
5.
Craig PS, The Echinococcosis Working Group in China, 2006. Epidemiology of human alveolar echinococcosis in China. Parasitol Int 55: S221–S225.
-
6.
Ito A, Romig T, Takahashi K, 2003. Perspective on control options for Echinococcus multilocularis with particular reference to Japan. Parasitology 127: S159–S172.
-
7.
Romig T, Dinkel A, Mackenstedt U, 2006. The present situation of echinococcosis in Europe. Parasitol Int 55: S187–S191.
-
8.
Galtsog L, Enkhtsetseg O, Gurbadam A, Narankhajid M, Temuulen D, 2002. First case of Alveococcus multilocularis was diagnosed in Mongolia. Mongolian Med Sci J 122: 27–30.
-
9.
Ebright JR, Altantsetseg T, Oyungerel R, 2003. Emerging infectious diseases in Mongolia. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 1509–1515.
-
10.
Sako Y, Fukuda K, Kobayashi Y, Ito A, 2009. Development of an immunochromatographic test to detect antibodies against recombinant Em18 for diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis. J Clin Microbiol 47: 252–254.
-
11.
Sako Y, Nakao M, Nakaya K, Yamasaki H, Gottstein B, Lightowlers MW, Schantz PM, Ito A, 2002. Alveolar echinococcosis: characterization of diagnostic antigen Em18 and serological evaluation of recombinant Em18. J Clin Microbiol 40: 2760–2765.
-
12.
Ito A, Nakao M, Sako Y, 2007. Echinococcosis: serological detection of patients and molecular identification of parasites. Future Microbiol 2: 439–449.
-
13.
Tappe D, Frosch M, Sako Y, Itoh S, Grüner B, Reuter S, Nakao M, Ito A, Kern P, 2009. Close relationship between clinical regression and specific serology in the follow-up of patients with alveolar echinococcosis in different clinical stages. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 792–797.
-
14.
Fujimoto N, Ito A, Ishikawa Y, Inoue M, Suzuki Y, Ohhira M, Ohtake T, Kohgo Y, 2005. Usefulness of recombinant Em18-ELISA to evaluate efficacy of treatment in patients with alveolar echinococcosis. J Gastroenterol 40: 426–431.
-
15.
Ishikawa Y, Sako Y, Itoh S, Ohtake T, Kohgo Y, Matsuno T, Ohsaki Y, Miyokawa N, Nakao M, Nakaya K, Ito A, 2009. Serological monitoring of progression of alveolar echinococcosis with multi-organ involvement using recombinant Em18. J Clin Microbiol 47: 3191–3196.
-
16.
Davaatseren N, Otogondalai A, Nyamkhuu G, Susher AH, 1995. Management of echinococcosis in Mongolia. J Ark Med Soc 92: 122–125.
-
17.
Nakao M, Xiao N, Okamoto M, Yanagida T, Sako Y, Ito A, 2009. Geographic patterns of genetic variation in the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. Parasitol Int 58: 384–389.
-
18.
Clement M, Posada D, Crandall KA, 2000. TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Mol Ecol 9: 1657–1659.
-
19.
Tang CT, Wang YH, Peng WF, Tang L, Chen D, 2006. Alveolar Echinococcus species from Vulpes corsac in Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia, China, and differential development of the metacestodes in experimental rodents. J Parasitol 92: 719–724.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 197 | 144 | 8 |
| Full Text Views | 397 | 10 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 104 | 8 | 0 |