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-
1
Furst DE, Keystone EC, Kirkham B, Fleischmann R, Mease P, Breedveld FC, Smolen JS, Kalden JR, Burmester GR, Braun J, Emery P, Winthrop K, Bresnihan B, De Benedetti F, Dörner T, Gibofsky A, Schiff MH, Sieper J, Singer N, Van Riel PL, Weinblatt ME, Weisman MH, 2007. Updated consensus statement on biological agents for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 66 (Suppl 3):iii2–iii22.
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2
Romaní-Costa V, Sánchez C, Moyá F, Estany C, 2004. Visceral leishmaniasis related to infliximab administration. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 22 :310.
-
3
Fabre S, Gibert C, Lechiche C, Dereure J, Jorgensen C, Sany J, 2005. Visceral leishmaniasis infection in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with infliximab. Clin Exp Rheumatol 23 :891–892.
-
4
Bagalas V, Kioumis I, Argyropoulou P, Patakas D, 2007. Visceral leishmaniasis infection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept. Clin Rheumatol 26 :1344–1345.
-
5
Schönian G, Nasereddin A, Dinse N, Schweynoch C, Schallig HD, Presber W, Jaffe CL, 2003. PCR diagnosis and characterization of Leishmania in local and imported clinical samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 47 :349–358.
-
6
Pratlong F, Rioux JA, Marty P, Faraut-Gambarelli F, Dereure J, Lanotte G, Dedet JP, 2004. Isoenzymatic analysis of 712 strains of Leishmania infantum in the south of France and relationship of enzymatic polymorphism to clinical and epidemiological features. J Clin Microbiol 42 :4077–4082.
-
7
Mary C, Lamouroux D, Dunan S, Quilici M, 1992. Western blot analysis of antibodies to Leishmania infantum antigens: potential of the 14-kD and 16-kD antigens for diagnosis and epidemiologic purposes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47 :764–771.
-
8
World Health Organization, Leishmaniasis. Available at: www.who.int/leishmaniasis/en/. Accessed November 1, 2008.
-
9
Dujardin JC, Campino L, Cañavate C, Dedet JP, Gradoni L, Soteriadou K, Mazeris A, Ozbel Y, Boelaert M, 2008. Spread of vector-borne diseases and neglect of leishmaniasis, Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 14 :1013–1018.
-
10
Bogdan C, Schönian G, Bañuls AL, Hide M, Pratlong F, Lorenz E, Röllinghoff M, Mertens R, 2001. Visceral leishmaniasis in a German child who had never entered a known endemic area: case report and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 32 :302–306.
-
11
Kuhls K, Chicharro C, Cañavate C, Cortes S, Campino L, Haralambous C, Soteriadou K, Pratlong F, Dedet JP, Mauricio I, Miles M, Schaar M, Ochsenreither S, Radtke OA, Schönian G, 2008. Differentiation and gene flow among European populations of Leishmania infantum MON-1. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2 :e261.
-
12
Liese J, Schleicher U, Bogdan C, 2008. The innate immune response against Leishmania parasites. Immunobiology 213 :377–387.
-
13
Winthrop KL, 2006. Risk and prevention of tuberculosis and other serious opportunistic infections associated with the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2 :602–610.
-
14
Fonseca SG, Romão PR, Figueiredo F, Morais RH, Lima HC, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ, 2003. TNF-alpha mediates the induction of nitric oxide synthase in macrophages but not in neutrophils in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Eur J Immunol 33 :2297–2306.
-
15
Kaye PM, Svensson M, Ato M, Maroof A, Polley R, Stager S, Zubairi S, Engwerda CR, 2004. The immunopathology of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Immunol Rev 201 :239–253.
-
16
Murray HW, Jungbluth A, Ritter E, Montelibano C, Marino MW, 2000. Visceral leishmaniasis in mice devoid of tumor necrosis factor and response to treatment. Infect Immun 68 :6289–6293.
-
17
Tumang MC, Keogh C, Moldawer LL, Helfgott DC, Teitelbaum R, Hariprashad J, Murray HW, 1994. Role and effect of TNF-alpha in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. J Immunol 153 :768–775.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 105 | 74 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 267 | 2 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 65 | 2 | 0 |
Relapsing Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Infliximab
Matthias C. Mueller
Matthias C. Mueller
Medizinische Poliklinik, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Medizinische Poliklinik, Division of Rheumatology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Erna Fleischmann
Erna Fleischmann
Medizinische Poliklinik, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Medizinische Poliklinik, Division of Rheumatology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Mathias Grunke
Mathias Grunke
Medizinische Poliklinik, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Medizinische Poliklinik, Division of Rheumatology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Stefan Schewe
Stefan Schewe
Medizinische Poliklinik, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Medizinische Poliklinik, Division of Rheumatology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Johannes R. Bogner
Johannes R. Bogner
Medizinische Poliklinik, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Medizinische Poliklinik, Division of Rheumatology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Thomas Löscher
Thomas Löscher
Medizinische Poliklinik, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Medizinische Poliklinik, Division of Rheumatology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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A 31-year-old man with ankylosing spondylitis, receiving treatment with infliximab, presented with a large progressive cutaneous ulcer at the right knee. Biopsies showed Leishmania amastigotes, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis showed Leishmania infantum as the causative agent. After treatment with miltefosine, the ulcer resolved completely, and infliximab was reinstituted because of progression of spondylitis. After 1 year, there was a recurrent ulcer at the same site being positive for Leishmania DNA by PCR. Local treatment with sodium stibogluconate resulted in complete regression. Cutaneous leishmaniasis should be added to the list of opportunistic infections associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment. Despite recurrences, antileish-manial treatment may be effective in cases without alternatives to anti-TNF therapy.
Author Notes
ProCite
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-
1
Furst DE, Keystone EC, Kirkham B, Fleischmann R, Mease P, Breedveld FC, Smolen JS, Kalden JR, Burmester GR, Braun J, Emery P, Winthrop K, Bresnihan B, De Benedetti F, Dörner T, Gibofsky A, Schiff MH, Sieper J, Singer N, Van Riel PL, Weinblatt ME, Weisman MH, 2007. Updated consensus statement on biological agents for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 66 (Suppl 3):iii2–iii22.
-
2
Romaní-Costa V, Sánchez C, Moyá F, Estany C, 2004. Visceral leishmaniasis related to infliximab administration. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 22 :310.
-
3
Fabre S, Gibert C, Lechiche C, Dereure J, Jorgensen C, Sany J, 2005. Visceral leishmaniasis infection in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with infliximab. Clin Exp Rheumatol 23 :891–892.
-
4
Bagalas V, Kioumis I, Argyropoulou P, Patakas D, 2007. Visceral leishmaniasis infection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept. Clin Rheumatol 26 :1344–1345.
-
5
Schönian G, Nasereddin A, Dinse N, Schweynoch C, Schallig HD, Presber W, Jaffe CL, 2003. PCR diagnosis and characterization of Leishmania in local and imported clinical samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 47 :349–358.
-
6
Pratlong F, Rioux JA, Marty P, Faraut-Gambarelli F, Dereure J, Lanotte G, Dedet JP, 2004. Isoenzymatic analysis of 712 strains of Leishmania infantum in the south of France and relationship of enzymatic polymorphism to clinical and epidemiological features. J Clin Microbiol 42 :4077–4082.
-
7
Mary C, Lamouroux D, Dunan S, Quilici M, 1992. Western blot analysis of antibodies to Leishmania infantum antigens: potential of the 14-kD and 16-kD antigens for diagnosis and epidemiologic purposes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47 :764–771.
-
8
World Health Organization, Leishmaniasis. Available at: www.who.int/leishmaniasis/en/. Accessed November 1, 2008.
-
9
Dujardin JC, Campino L, Cañavate C, Dedet JP, Gradoni L, Soteriadou K, Mazeris A, Ozbel Y, Boelaert M, 2008. Spread of vector-borne diseases and neglect of leishmaniasis, Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 14 :1013–1018.
-
10
Bogdan C, Schönian G, Bañuls AL, Hide M, Pratlong F, Lorenz E, Röllinghoff M, Mertens R, 2001. Visceral leishmaniasis in a German child who had never entered a known endemic area: case report and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 32 :302–306.
-
11
Kuhls K, Chicharro C, Cañavate C, Cortes S, Campino L, Haralambous C, Soteriadou K, Pratlong F, Dedet JP, Mauricio I, Miles M, Schaar M, Ochsenreither S, Radtke OA, Schönian G, 2008. Differentiation and gene flow among European populations of Leishmania infantum MON-1. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2 :e261.
-
12
Liese J, Schleicher U, Bogdan C, 2008. The innate immune response against Leishmania parasites. Immunobiology 213 :377–387.
-
13
Winthrop KL, 2006. Risk and prevention of tuberculosis and other serious opportunistic infections associated with the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2 :602–610.
-
14
Fonseca SG, Romão PR, Figueiredo F, Morais RH, Lima HC, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ, 2003. TNF-alpha mediates the induction of nitric oxide synthase in macrophages but not in neutrophils in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Eur J Immunol 33 :2297–2306.
-
15
Kaye PM, Svensson M, Ato M, Maroof A, Polley R, Stager S, Zubairi S, Engwerda CR, 2004. The immunopathology of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Immunol Rev 201 :239–253.
-
16
Murray HW, Jungbluth A, Ritter E, Montelibano C, Marino MW, 2000. Visceral leishmaniasis in mice devoid of tumor necrosis factor and response to treatment. Infect Immun 68 :6289–6293.
-
17
Tumang MC, Keogh C, Moldawer LL, Helfgott DC, Teitelbaum R, Hariprashad J, Murray HW, 1994. Role and effect of TNF-alpha in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. J Immunol 153 :768–775.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 105 | 74 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 267 | 2 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 65 | 2 | 0 |