ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Anonymous, 2006. Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness): epidemiological update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 81 :71–80.
-
2
Lejon V, Boelaert M, Jannin J, Moore A, Búscher P, 2003. The challenge of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness diagnosis outside Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 3 :804–808.
-
3
Spinazzola F, D’Amato C, De Felici A, Giannuzzi R, Paglia MG, Struglia C, Tocci G, Visco G, Galgani S, Cotroneo E, 1989. Plasmapheresis for late-stage trypanosomiasis. Lancet 339 :1200.
-
4
Serrano-Gonzalez C, Velilla I, Fortuno B, Guelbenzu S, Portoles A, 1996. Neuroimaging and efficacy of treatment in advanced African trypanosomiasis. Rev Neurol 24 :1554–1557.
-
5
Bedat-Millet AL, Charpentier S, Monge-Strauss MF, Woimant F, 2000. Psychiatric presentation of human African trypanosomiasis: overview of diagnostic pitfalls, interest of difluoromethylornithine treatment and contribution of magnetic resonance imaging. Rev Neurol (Paris) 156 :505–509.
-
6
Sahlas DJ, MacLean JD, Janevski J, Detsky AS, 2002. Clinical problem-solving. Out of Africa. N Engl J Med 347 :749–753.
-
7
Gill DS, Chatha DS, del Carpio-O’Donovan R, 2003. MR imaging findings in African trypansomiasis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24 :1383–1385.
-
8
Sabbah P, Brosset C, Imbert P, Bonardel G, Jeandel P, Briant JF, 1997. Human African trypanosomiasis: MRI. Neuroradiology 39 :708–710.
-
9
Braakman HM, van de Molengraft FJ, Hubert WW, Boerman DH, 2006. Lethal African trypanosomiasis in a traveler: MRI and neuropathology. Neurology 66 :1094–1096.
-
10
Kumar N, Orenstein R, Uslan DZ, Berbari EF, Klein CJ, Windebank AJ, 2006. Melarsoprol-associated multifocal inflammatory CNS illness in African trypanosomiasis. Neurology 66 :1120–1121.
-
11
Checkley AM, Pepin J, Gibson WC, Taylor MN, Jager HR, Mabey DC, 2007. Human African trypanosomiasis: diagnosis, relapse and survival after severe melarsoprol-induced encephalopathy. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101 :523–526.
-
12
Chappuis F, Loutan L, Simarro P, Lejon V, Buscher P, 2005. Options for field diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 18 :133–146.
-
13
Kennedy PG, 2008. Diagnosing central nervous system trypanosomiasis: two stage or not to stage? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102 :306–307.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 203 | 166 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 278 | 5 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 111 | 6 | 3 |
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Human African Trypanosomiasis: A Four-Year Follow-up Study in a Patient and Review of the Literature
Piet A. Kager
Piet A. Kager
Center for Infection and Immunity, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Piet A. Kager in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Piet A. Kager in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hans G. Schipper
Hans G. Schipper
Center for Infection and Immunity, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Hans G. Schipper in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hans G. Schipper in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Jan Stam
Jan Stam
Center for Infection and Immunity, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Jan Stam in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jan Stam in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Charles B. L. M. Majoie
Charles B. L. M. Majoie
Center for Infection and Immunity, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Charles B. L. M. Majoie in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Charles B. L. M. Majoie in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed up to 4 years after treatment in a patient with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection. Four years after treatment and cure abnormalities were still present, although the patient led a normal social life, without physical and mental impairments. The literature on MRI in human African trypanosomiasis is reviewed. The MRI is useful to discriminate between encephalitis induced by trypanosomiasis and post-treatment reactive encephalopathy, a severe and often fatal complication of treatment, in particular of treatment with arsenicals. The MRI is not useful for diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT).
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Anonymous, 2006. Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness): epidemiological update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 81 :71–80.
-
2
Lejon V, Boelaert M, Jannin J, Moore A, Búscher P, 2003. The challenge of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness diagnosis outside Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 3 :804–808.
-
3
Spinazzola F, D’Amato C, De Felici A, Giannuzzi R, Paglia MG, Struglia C, Tocci G, Visco G, Galgani S, Cotroneo E, 1989. Plasmapheresis for late-stage trypanosomiasis. Lancet 339 :1200.
-
4
Serrano-Gonzalez C, Velilla I, Fortuno B, Guelbenzu S, Portoles A, 1996. Neuroimaging and efficacy of treatment in advanced African trypanosomiasis. Rev Neurol 24 :1554–1557.
-
5
Bedat-Millet AL, Charpentier S, Monge-Strauss MF, Woimant F, 2000. Psychiatric presentation of human African trypanosomiasis: overview of diagnostic pitfalls, interest of difluoromethylornithine treatment and contribution of magnetic resonance imaging. Rev Neurol (Paris) 156 :505–509.
-
6
Sahlas DJ, MacLean JD, Janevski J, Detsky AS, 2002. Clinical problem-solving. Out of Africa. N Engl J Med 347 :749–753.
-
7
Gill DS, Chatha DS, del Carpio-O’Donovan R, 2003. MR imaging findings in African trypansomiasis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24 :1383–1385.
-
8
Sabbah P, Brosset C, Imbert P, Bonardel G, Jeandel P, Briant JF, 1997. Human African trypanosomiasis: MRI. Neuroradiology 39 :708–710.
-
9
Braakman HM, van de Molengraft FJ, Hubert WW, Boerman DH, 2006. Lethal African trypanosomiasis in a traveler: MRI and neuropathology. Neurology 66 :1094–1096.
-
10
Kumar N, Orenstein R, Uslan DZ, Berbari EF, Klein CJ, Windebank AJ, 2006. Melarsoprol-associated multifocal inflammatory CNS illness in African trypanosomiasis. Neurology 66 :1120–1121.
-
11
Checkley AM, Pepin J, Gibson WC, Taylor MN, Jager HR, Mabey DC, 2007. Human African trypanosomiasis: diagnosis, relapse and survival after severe melarsoprol-induced encephalopathy. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101 :523–526.
-
12
Chappuis F, Loutan L, Simarro P, Lejon V, Buscher P, 2005. Options for field diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 18 :133–146.
-
13
Kennedy PG, 2008. Diagnosing central nervous system trypanosomiasis: two stage or not to stage? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102 :306–307.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 203 | 166 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 278 | 5 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 111 | 6 | 3 |