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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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EndNote
-
1
Perry RD, Fetherston JD, 1997. Yersinia pestis—etiological agent of plague. Clin Microbiol Rev 10 :35–66.
-
2
Gage KL, 1998. Plague. Collier L, ed. Topley and Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections. Ninth edition. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 885–903.
-
3
Gage KL, Ostfeld RS, Olson JG, 1995. Nonviral vector-borne zoonoses associated with mammals in the United States. J Mammal 76 :695–715.
-
4
Pollitzer R. Plague. 1954. World Health Organization Monograph Series, No. 22. Geneva: WHO.
-
5
Barnes AM, 1982. Surveillance and control of bubonic plague in the United States. Symp Zool Soc London 50 :237–270.
-
6
Surgalla MJ, Beesley ED, 1969. Congo red-agar plating medium for detecting pigmentation in Pasteurella pestis. Appl Microbiol 18 :834–837.
-
7
Hinnebusch BJ, Gage KL, Schwan TG, 1998. Estimation of vector infectivity rates for plague by means of a standard curve-based competitive polymerase chain reaction method to quantify Yersinia pestis in fleas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :562–569.
-
8
Glukhov AI, Gordeev SA, Al’tshuler ML, Zykova IE, Severin SE, 2003. [Use of nested PCR in detection of the plague pathogen.] Klin Lab Diagn 7: 48–50 (article in Russian).
-
9
Tsukano H, Itoh K, Suzuki S, Watanabe H, 1996. Detection and identification of Yersinia pestis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using multiplex primers. Microbiol Immunol 40 :773–775.
-
10
Leal NC, Almeida AM, 1999. Diagnosis of plague and identification of virulence markers in Yersinia pestis by multiplex-PCR. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 41 :339–342.
-
11
Stevenson HL, Bai Y, Kosoy MY, Montenieri JA, Lowell JL, Chu MC, Gage KL, 2003. Detection of novel Bartonella strains and Yersinia pestis in prairie dogs and their fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae and Pulicidae) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. J Med Entomol 40 :329–337.
-
12
Tomaso H, Reisinger EC, Al Dahouk S, Frangoulidis D, Rakin A, Landt O, Neubauer H, 2003. Rapid detection of Yersinia pestis with multiplex real-time PCR assays using fluorescent hybridisation probes. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 38 :117–126.
-
13
Woron AM, Nazarian EJ, Egan C, McDonough KA, Cirino NM, Limburger RJ, Musser KA, 2006. Development and evaluation of a 4-target multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and characterization of Yersinia pestis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 56 :261–268.
-
14
Tomioka K, Peredelchuk M, Zhu X, Arena R, Volokhov D, Selvapandiyan A, Stabler K, Mellquist-Riemenschneider J, Chizhikov V, Kaplan G, Nakhasi H, Duncan R, 2005. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction microarray assay to detect bioterror pathogens in blood. J Mol Diagn 7 :486–494.
-
15
Bogdanovich T, Carniel E, Fukushima H, Skurnik M, 2003. Use of O-antigen gene cluster-specific PCRs for the identification and O-genotyping of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis. J Clin Microbiol 41 :5103–5112.
-
16
Varma-Basil M, El-Hajj H, Marras SA, Hazbon MH, Mann JM, Connell ND, Kramer FR, Alland D, 2004. Molecular beacons for multiplex detection of four bacterial bioterrorism agents. Clin Chem 50 :1060–1062.
-
17
Selvapandiyan A, Stabler K, Ansari NA, Kerby S, Riemenschneider J, Salotra P, Duncan R, Nakhasi HL, 2005. A novel semiquantitative fluorescence-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid simultaneous detection of bacterial and parasitic pathogens from blood. J Mol Diagn 7 :268–275.
-
18
Chase CJ, Ulrich MP, Wasieloski LP, Kondig JP, Garrison J, Linler LE, Kulesh DA, 2005. Real-time PCR assays targeting a unique chromosomal sequence of Yersinia pestis. Clin Chem 51 :1778–1785.
-
19
Engelthaler DM, Gage KL, 2000. Quantities of Yersinia pestis in fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae, Ceratophyllidae, and Hystrichopsyllidae) collected from areas of known or suspected plague activity. J Med Entomol 37 :422–426.
-
20
Staggs TM, Perry RD, 1992. Fur regulation in Yersinia species. Mol Microbiol 6 :2507–2516.
-
21
Eisen RJ, Bearden SW, Wilder AP, Montenieri JA, Antolin MF, Gage KL, 2006. Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas as a mechanism explaining rapidly spreading plague epizootics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 :15380–15385.
-
22
Sulakvelidze A, 2000. Yersiniae other than Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. pestis: the ignored species. Microbes Infect 2 :497–513.
-
23
Loiez C, Herwegh S, Wallet F, Armand S, Guinet F, Courcol RJ, 2003. Detection of Yersinia pestis in sputum by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 41 :4873–4875.
-
24
Higgins JA, Ezzell J, Hinnebusch BJ, Shipley M, Henchal EA, Ibrahim MS, 1998. 5′ Nuclease PCR assay to detect Yersinia pestis. J Clin Microbiol 36 :2284–2288.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 314 | 244 | 13 |
| Full Text Views | 287 | 3 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 55 | 3 | 0 |
Development of a Real-time Quantitative PCR Assay to Enumerate Yersinia pestis in Fleas
Elizabeth S. Gabitzsch
Elizabeth S. Gabitzsch
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Rommelle Vera-Tudela
Rommelle Vera-Tudela
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Rebecca J. Eisen
Rebecca J. Eisen
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Scott W. Bearden
Scott W. Bearden
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Kenneth L. Gage
Kenneth L. Gage
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Nordin S. Zeidner
Nordin S. Zeidner
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado
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A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed for Yersina pestis. The qPCR assay was developed utilizing a conserved region of the Y. pestis ferric iron uptake regulator gene (fur) to design primers and a fluorescent (FAM-labeled) TaqMan probe. The assay was optimized using cultured Y. pestis (UG05-0454) and was confirmed to work with strains from 3 Y. pestis biovars. The optimized assay was capable of detecting a single organism of cultured Y. pestis and as little as 300 bacteria in infected flea triturates. This qPCR assay enables rapid enumeration of Y. pestis bacterium in laboratory-infected fleas when compared with conventional serial dilution plating.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Perry RD, Fetherston JD, 1997. Yersinia pestis—etiological agent of plague. Clin Microbiol Rev 10 :35–66.
-
2
Gage KL, 1998. Plague. Collier L, ed. Topley and Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections. Ninth edition. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 885–903.
-
3
Gage KL, Ostfeld RS, Olson JG, 1995. Nonviral vector-borne zoonoses associated with mammals in the United States. J Mammal 76 :695–715.
-
4
Pollitzer R. Plague. 1954. World Health Organization Monograph Series, No. 22. Geneva: WHO.
-
5
Barnes AM, 1982. Surveillance and control of bubonic plague in the United States. Symp Zool Soc London 50 :237–270.
-
6
Surgalla MJ, Beesley ED, 1969. Congo red-agar plating medium for detecting pigmentation in Pasteurella pestis. Appl Microbiol 18 :834–837.
-
7
Hinnebusch BJ, Gage KL, Schwan TG, 1998. Estimation of vector infectivity rates for plague by means of a standard curve-based competitive polymerase chain reaction method to quantify Yersinia pestis in fleas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :562–569.
-
8
Glukhov AI, Gordeev SA, Al’tshuler ML, Zykova IE, Severin SE, 2003. [Use of nested PCR in detection of the plague pathogen.] Klin Lab Diagn 7: 48–50 (article in Russian).
-
9
Tsukano H, Itoh K, Suzuki S, Watanabe H, 1996. Detection and identification of Yersinia pestis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using multiplex primers. Microbiol Immunol 40 :773–775.
-
10
Leal NC, Almeida AM, 1999. Diagnosis of plague and identification of virulence markers in Yersinia pestis by multiplex-PCR. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 41 :339–342.
-
11
Stevenson HL, Bai Y, Kosoy MY, Montenieri JA, Lowell JL, Chu MC, Gage KL, 2003. Detection of novel Bartonella strains and Yersinia pestis in prairie dogs and their fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae and Pulicidae) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. J Med Entomol 40 :329–337.
-
12
Tomaso H, Reisinger EC, Al Dahouk S, Frangoulidis D, Rakin A, Landt O, Neubauer H, 2003. Rapid detection of Yersinia pestis with multiplex real-time PCR assays using fluorescent hybridisation probes. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 38 :117–126.
-
13
Woron AM, Nazarian EJ, Egan C, McDonough KA, Cirino NM, Limburger RJ, Musser KA, 2006. Development and evaluation of a 4-target multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and characterization of Yersinia pestis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 56 :261–268.
-
14
Tomioka K, Peredelchuk M, Zhu X, Arena R, Volokhov D, Selvapandiyan A, Stabler K, Mellquist-Riemenschneider J, Chizhikov V, Kaplan G, Nakhasi H, Duncan R, 2005. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction microarray assay to detect bioterror pathogens in blood. J Mol Diagn 7 :486–494.
-
15
Bogdanovich T, Carniel E, Fukushima H, Skurnik M, 2003. Use of O-antigen gene cluster-specific PCRs for the identification and O-genotyping of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis. J Clin Microbiol 41 :5103–5112.
-
16
Varma-Basil M, El-Hajj H, Marras SA, Hazbon MH, Mann JM, Connell ND, Kramer FR, Alland D, 2004. Molecular beacons for multiplex detection of four bacterial bioterrorism agents. Clin Chem 50 :1060–1062.
-
17
Selvapandiyan A, Stabler K, Ansari NA, Kerby S, Riemenschneider J, Salotra P, Duncan R, Nakhasi HL, 2005. A novel semiquantitative fluorescence-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid simultaneous detection of bacterial and parasitic pathogens from blood. J Mol Diagn 7 :268–275.
-
18
Chase CJ, Ulrich MP, Wasieloski LP, Kondig JP, Garrison J, Linler LE, Kulesh DA, 2005. Real-time PCR assays targeting a unique chromosomal sequence of Yersinia pestis. Clin Chem 51 :1778–1785.
-
19
Engelthaler DM, Gage KL, 2000. Quantities of Yersinia pestis in fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae, Ceratophyllidae, and Hystrichopsyllidae) collected from areas of known or suspected plague activity. J Med Entomol 37 :422–426.
-
20
Staggs TM, Perry RD, 1992. Fur regulation in Yersinia species. Mol Microbiol 6 :2507–2516.
-
21
Eisen RJ, Bearden SW, Wilder AP, Montenieri JA, Antolin MF, Gage KL, 2006. Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas as a mechanism explaining rapidly spreading plague epizootics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 :15380–15385.
-
22
Sulakvelidze A, 2000. Yersiniae other than Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. pestis: the ignored species. Microbes Infect 2 :497–513.
-
23
Loiez C, Herwegh S, Wallet F, Armand S, Guinet F, Courcol RJ, 2003. Detection of Yersinia pestis in sputum by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 41 :4873–4875.
-
24
Higgins JA, Ezzell J, Hinnebusch BJ, Shipley M, Henchal EA, Ibrahim MS, 1998. 5′ Nuclease PCR assay to detect Yersinia pestis. J Clin Microbiol 36 :2284–2288.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 314 | 244 | 13 |
| Full Text Views | 287 | 3 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 55 | 3 | 0 |