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-
1
WHO, 2006. Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
2
Marquino W, Ylquimiche L, Hermenegildo Y, Palacios AM, Falconi E, Cabezas C, Arrospide N, Gutierrez S, Ruebush TK II, 2005. Efficacy and tolerability of artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :568–572.
-
3
Doherty JF, Sadiq AD, Bayo L, Alloueche A, Olliaro P, Milligan P, von Seidlein L, Pinder M, 1999. A randomized safety and tolerability trial of artesunate plus sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :543–546.
-
4
Dorsey G, Njama D, Kamya MR, Cattamanchi A, Kyabayinze D, Staedke SG, Gasasira A, Rosenthal PJ, 2002. Sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine alone or with amodiaquine or artesunate for treatment of uncomplicated malaria: a longitudinal randomised trial. Lancet 360 :2031–2038.
-
5
Tjitra E, Suprianto S, Currie BJ, Morris PS, Saunders JR, Anstey NM, 2001. Therapy of uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a randomized trial comparing artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :309–317.
-
6
von Seidlein L, Milligan P, Pinder M, Bojang K, Anyalebechi C, Gosling R, Coleman R, Ude JI, Sadiq A, Duraisingh M, Warhurst D, Alloueche A, Targett G, McAdam K, Greenwood B, Walraven G, Olliaro P, Doherty T, 2000. Efficacy of artesunate plus pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine for uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 355 :352–357.
-
7
Obonyo CO, Ochieng F, Taylor WR, Ochola SA, Mugitu K, Olliaro P, ter Kuile F, Oloo AJ, 2003. Artesunate plus sulfa-doxine-pyrimethamine for uncomplicated malaria in Kenyan children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97 :585–591.
-
8
Adam GI, Miller SJ, Ulleras E, Franklin GC, 1996. Cell-type-specific modulation of PDGF-B regulatory elements via viral enhancer competition: a caveat for the use of reference plas-mids in transient transfection assays. Gene 178 :25–29.
-
9
Elamin SB, Malik EM, Abdelgadir T, Khamiss AH, Mohammed MM, Ahmed ES, Adam I, 2005. Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Sudan. Malar J 4 :41.
-
10
Ibrahium AM, Kheir MM, Osman ME, Khalil IF, Alifrangis M, Elmardi KA, Malik EM, Adam I, 2007. Efficacies of artesunate plus either sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine or amodiaquine, for the treatment of uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum malaria in eastern Sudan. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 101 :15–21.
-
11
Taylor WR, White NJ, 2004. Antimalarial drug toxicity: a review. Drug Saf 27 :25–61.
-
12
Miller KD, Lobel HO, Satriale RF, Kuritsky JN, Stern R, Camp-bell CC, 1986. Severe cutaneous reactions among American travelers using pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar) for malaria prophylaxis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35 :451–458.
-
13
Hien TT, Turner GD, Mai NT, Phu NH, Bethell D, Blakemore WF, Cavanagh JB, Dayan A, Medana I, Weller RO, Day NP, White NJ, 2003. Neuropathological assessment of artemether-treated severe malaria. Lancet 362 :295–296.
-
14
Elias Z, Bonnet E, Marchou B, Massip P, 1999. Neurotoxicity of artemisinin: possible counseling and treatment of side effects. Clin Infect Dis 28 :1330–1331.
-
15
Miller LG, Panosian CB, 1997. Ataxia and slurred speech after artesunate treatment for falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 336 :1328.
-
16
Toovey S, 2006. Are currently deployed artemisinins neurotoxic? Toxicol Lett 166 :95–104.
-
17
WHO, 1998. The Use of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives as Anti-Malarial Drugs. Geneva: World Health Organization. Report of a Joint CTD/DMP/TDR Informal Consultation.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 204 | 184 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 357 | 6 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 83 | 6 | 0 |
Surveillance for Adverse Drug Reactions to Combination Antimalarial Therapy with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine plus Artesunate in Peru
Javier Cairo
Javier Cairo
U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Lima, Peru; National Institute of Health Lima, Peru; Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Ministerio de Salud Piura, Peru
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Salomón Durand
Salomón Durand
U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Lima, Peru; National Institute of Health Lima, Peru; Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Ministerio de Salud Piura, Peru
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Wilmer Marquiño
Wilmer Marquiño
U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Lima, Peru; National Institute of Health Lima, Peru; Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Ministerio de Salud Piura, Peru
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César Cabezas
César Cabezas
U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Lima, Peru; National Institute of Health Lima, Peru; Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Ministerio de Salud Piura, Peru
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Arnaldo Lachira
Arnaldo Lachira
U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Lima, Peru; National Institute of Health Lima, Peru; Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Ministerio de Salud Piura, Peru
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Fernando Quintana
Fernando Quintana
U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Lima, Peru; National Institute of Health Lima, Peru; Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Ministerio de Salud Piura, Peru
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Walter Vegas
Walter Vegas
U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Lima, Peru; National Institute of Health Lima, Peru; Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Ministerio de Salud Piura, Peru
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Trenton K. Ruebush II
Trenton K. Ruebush II
U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Lima, Peru; National Institute of Health Lima, Peru; Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Ministerio de Salud Piura, Peru
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Gregory Utz
Gregory Utz
U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Lima, Peru; National Institute of Health Lima, Peru; Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Ministerio de Salud Piura, Peru
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David J. Bacon
David J. Bacon
U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Lima, Peru; National Institute of Health Lima, Peru; Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Ministerio de Salud Piura, Peru
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In 2001, Peru changed its treatment policy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the northern Pacific Coast to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine with atresunate (SP-AS). Because Peru was the first country in the Americas to adopt this combination therapy, we established a surveillance system in the region to assess the frequency of new or worsening symptoms after starting therapy. Over a period of two years, 1,552, or approximately two-thirds of all patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria who had received SP-AS on the northern coast were followed up. Of these, 8.8% reported at least one adverse effect, with the most common being vomiting, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, dizziness, and fever; no severe adverse effects related to SP-AS therapy were identified. Treatment of uncomplicated malaria with SP-AS was associated with a low frequency of mild adverse effects in Peru, and therefore should be considered as a first-line therapy in areas of the Americas where SP efficacy is still high.
Author Notes
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-
1
WHO, 2006. Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
2
Marquino W, Ylquimiche L, Hermenegildo Y, Palacios AM, Falconi E, Cabezas C, Arrospide N, Gutierrez S, Ruebush TK II, 2005. Efficacy and tolerability of artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :568–572.
-
3
Doherty JF, Sadiq AD, Bayo L, Alloueche A, Olliaro P, Milligan P, von Seidlein L, Pinder M, 1999. A randomized safety and tolerability trial of artesunate plus sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :543–546.
-
4
Dorsey G, Njama D, Kamya MR, Cattamanchi A, Kyabayinze D, Staedke SG, Gasasira A, Rosenthal PJ, 2002. Sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine alone or with amodiaquine or artesunate for treatment of uncomplicated malaria: a longitudinal randomised trial. Lancet 360 :2031–2038.
-
5
Tjitra E, Suprianto S, Currie BJ, Morris PS, Saunders JR, Anstey NM, 2001. Therapy of uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a randomized trial comparing artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :309–317.
-
6
von Seidlein L, Milligan P, Pinder M, Bojang K, Anyalebechi C, Gosling R, Coleman R, Ude JI, Sadiq A, Duraisingh M, Warhurst D, Alloueche A, Targett G, McAdam K, Greenwood B, Walraven G, Olliaro P, Doherty T, 2000. Efficacy of artesunate plus pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine for uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 355 :352–357.
-
7
Obonyo CO, Ochieng F, Taylor WR, Ochola SA, Mugitu K, Olliaro P, ter Kuile F, Oloo AJ, 2003. Artesunate plus sulfa-doxine-pyrimethamine for uncomplicated malaria in Kenyan children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97 :585–591.
-
8
Adam GI, Miller SJ, Ulleras E, Franklin GC, 1996. Cell-type-specific modulation of PDGF-B regulatory elements via viral enhancer competition: a caveat for the use of reference plas-mids in transient transfection assays. Gene 178 :25–29.
-
9
Elamin SB, Malik EM, Abdelgadir T, Khamiss AH, Mohammed MM, Ahmed ES, Adam I, 2005. Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Sudan. Malar J 4 :41.
-
10
Ibrahium AM, Kheir MM, Osman ME, Khalil IF, Alifrangis M, Elmardi KA, Malik EM, Adam I, 2007. Efficacies of artesunate plus either sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine or amodiaquine, for the treatment of uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum malaria in eastern Sudan. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 101 :15–21.
-
11
Taylor WR, White NJ, 2004. Antimalarial drug toxicity: a review. Drug Saf 27 :25–61.
-
12
Miller KD, Lobel HO, Satriale RF, Kuritsky JN, Stern R, Camp-bell CC, 1986. Severe cutaneous reactions among American travelers using pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar) for malaria prophylaxis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35 :451–458.
-
13
Hien TT, Turner GD, Mai NT, Phu NH, Bethell D, Blakemore WF, Cavanagh JB, Dayan A, Medana I, Weller RO, Day NP, White NJ, 2003. Neuropathological assessment of artemether-treated severe malaria. Lancet 362 :295–296.
-
14
Elias Z, Bonnet E, Marchou B, Massip P, 1999. Neurotoxicity of artemisinin: possible counseling and treatment of side effects. Clin Infect Dis 28 :1330–1331.
-
15
Miller LG, Panosian CB, 1997. Ataxia and slurred speech after artesunate treatment for falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 336 :1328.
-
16
Toovey S, 2006. Are currently deployed artemisinins neurotoxic? Toxicol Lett 166 :95–104.
-
17
WHO, 1998. The Use of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives as Anti-Malarial Drugs. Geneva: World Health Organization. Report of a Joint CTD/DMP/TDR Informal Consultation.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 204 | 184 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 357 | 6 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 83 | 6 | 0 |