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1
Calisher CH, 1988. Antigenic classification and taxonomy of flaviviruses (family Flaviviridae) emphasizing a universal system for the taxonomy of viruses causing tick-borne encephalitis. Acta Virol 32 :469–478.
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2
Grard G, Moureau G, Charrel RN, Lemasson JJ, Gonzalez JP, Gallian P, Gritsun TS, Holmes EC, Gould EA, de Lamballerie X, 2007. Genetic characterization of tick-borne flaviviruses: new insights into evolution, pathogenetic determinants and taxonomy. Virology 361 :80–92.
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3
Liapina OV, Gromashevskii VL, Prilipov AG, 2006. Organization of the Karshi virus strain Leiv-2247 Uz genome and its phylogenetic relationships with other representatives of the Flavivirus genus. Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 4 :35–40.
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4
Gritsun TS, Lashkevich VA, Gould EA, 2003. Tick-borne encephalitis. Antiviral Res 57 :129–146.
-
5
Turell MJ, Mores CN, Lee JS, Paragas JJ, Shermuhemedova D, Endy TP, Khodjaev S, 2004. Experimental transmission of Karshi and Langat (tick-borne encephalitis virus complex) viruses by Ornithodoros ticks (Acari: Argasidae). J Med Ento-mol 41 :973–977.
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6
Gresikova M, Calisher CH, 1989. Tick-borne encephalitis. In Monath T, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology, vol. 4. CRC: Boca Raton, FL, 177–202.
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7
Turell MJ, Durden LA, 1994. Experimental transmission of Lan-gat (tick-borne encephalitis virus complex) virus by the soft tick Ornithodoros sonrai (Acari: Argasidae). J Med Entomol 31 :148–151.
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8
Karabatsos N, ed. 1985. International Catalogue of Arboviruses Including Certain Other Viruses of Vertebrates, 3rd ed. American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: San Antonio, TX.
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9
Durden LA, Logan TM, Wilson ML, Linthicum KJ, 1993. Experimental vector incompetency of a soft tick, Ornithodoros sonrai (Acari: Argasidae), for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. J Med Entomol 30 :493–496.
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Assay for and Replication of Karshi (Mammalian Tick-Borne Flavivirus Group) Virus in Mice
Michael J. Turell
Michael J. Turell
Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland; Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland; Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida
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Chris A. Whitehouse
Chris A. Whitehouse
Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland; Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland; Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida
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Ashley Butler
Ashley Butler
Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland; Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland; Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida
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Carson Baldwin
Carson Baldwin
Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland; Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland; Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida
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Hannah Hottel
Hannah Hottel
Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland; Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland; Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida
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Christopher N. Mores
Christopher N. Mores
Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland; Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland; Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida
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Little is known about the replication of Karshi virus, a member of the mammalian tick-borne flavivirus group, in its rodent hosts. Therefore, we developed a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay and measured the amount of viral RNA in selected tissues of infected Swiss Webster mice. Two-day-old mice were highly susceptible, with 100% fatality 9 to 12 days after infection, whereas infection in 9-day-old mice was less virulent, with death occurring only rarely. In nearly all cases, mice inoculated when 2 days old contained similar numbers of viral genome equivalents from blood and liver samples from any given mouse, with titers declining after day 7. In contrast, the amount of viral RNA in the brain began to rise rapidly 4 days after exposure, peaked at about 6 days after virus exposure (titer of > 1013 genome equivalents/g), and remained at that level until euthanasia or death. Viral profiles were similar in needle-inoculated or tick-exposed mice.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
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-
1
Calisher CH, 1988. Antigenic classification and taxonomy of flaviviruses (family Flaviviridae) emphasizing a universal system for the taxonomy of viruses causing tick-borne encephalitis. Acta Virol 32 :469–478.
-
2
Grard G, Moureau G, Charrel RN, Lemasson JJ, Gonzalez JP, Gallian P, Gritsun TS, Holmes EC, Gould EA, de Lamballerie X, 2007. Genetic characterization of tick-borne flaviviruses: new insights into evolution, pathogenetic determinants and taxonomy. Virology 361 :80–92.
-
3
Liapina OV, Gromashevskii VL, Prilipov AG, 2006. Organization of the Karshi virus strain Leiv-2247 Uz genome and its phylogenetic relationships with other representatives of the Flavivirus genus. Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 4 :35–40.
-
4
Gritsun TS, Lashkevich VA, Gould EA, 2003. Tick-borne encephalitis. Antiviral Res 57 :129–146.
-
5
Turell MJ, Mores CN, Lee JS, Paragas JJ, Shermuhemedova D, Endy TP, Khodjaev S, 2004. Experimental transmission of Karshi and Langat (tick-borne encephalitis virus complex) viruses by Ornithodoros ticks (Acari: Argasidae). J Med Ento-mol 41 :973–977.
-
6
Gresikova M, Calisher CH, 1989. Tick-borne encephalitis. In Monath T, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology, vol. 4. CRC: Boca Raton, FL, 177–202.
-
7
Turell MJ, Durden LA, 1994. Experimental transmission of Lan-gat (tick-borne encephalitis virus complex) virus by the soft tick Ornithodoros sonrai (Acari: Argasidae). J Med Entomol 31 :148–151.
-
8
Karabatsos N, ed. 1985. International Catalogue of Arboviruses Including Certain Other Viruses of Vertebrates, 3rd ed. American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: San Antonio, TX.
-
9
Durden LA, Logan TM, Wilson ML, Linthicum KJ, 1993. Experimental vector incompetency of a soft tick, Ornithodoros sonrai (Acari: Argasidae), for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. J Med Entomol 30 :493–496.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 125 | 93 | 2 |
| Full Text Views | 315 | 10 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 66 | 8 | 1 |