Malaria Burden Among Pregnant Women Living in the Rural District of Boromo, Burkina Faso

Sheick Oumar Coulibaly Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; and UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université de Ouagadougou

Search for other papers by Sheick Oumar Coulibaly in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Sabine Gies Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; and UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université de Ouagadougou

Search for other papers by Sabine Gies in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Umberto D’Alessandro Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; and UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université de Ouagadougou

Search for other papers by Umberto D’Alessandro in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

In two cross-sectional surveys carried out in the rural health district of Boromo, Burkina Faso, malaria infection was evaluated in 295 pregnant women in May 2003 and 288 pregnant women in December 2003. Malaria prevalence, all P. falciparum infection, was higher in December (32.2%) than in May (11.9%) (P < 0.0001). In both surveys primigravidae had a significantly higher risk of infection than multigravidae (P < 0.0001). Such risk decreased significantly and progressively with gestational age, the highest risk being during the first trimester. Women who had not attended the antenatal clinic had also a significantly higher risk of malaria infection. Despite the high antenatal clinic attendance and the use (or misuse) of chloroquine chemoprophylaxis, malaria remains an important problem for pregnant women living in the rural district of Boromo. This requires a major effort by the health authorities to guarantee all pregnant women have access to and use preventive measures.

Author Notes

  • 1

    Nosten F, ter Kuile F, Maelankiri L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, Nopdonrattakoon L, Tangkitchot S, Boudreau E, Bunnag D, White NJ, 1994. Mefloquine prophylaxis prevents malaria during pregnancy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Infect Dis 169 :595–603.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 2

    Bouvier P, Breslow N, Doumbo O, Robert CF, Picquet M, Mauris A, Dolo A, Dembele HK, Delley V, Rougemont A, 1997. Seasonality, malaria, and impact of prophylaxis in a West African village. II. Effect on birthweight. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :384–389.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 3

    Menendez C, Ordi J, Ismail MR, Ventura PJ, Aponte JJ, Kahigwa E, Font F, Alonso PL, 2000. The impact of placental malaria on gestational age and birth weight. J Infect Dis 181 :1740–1745.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 4

    van Geertruyden JP, Thomas F, Erhart A, D’Alessandro U, 2004. The contribution of malaria in pregnancy to perinatal mortality. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 (Suppl 2):35–40.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 5

    Newman RD, Parise ME, Slutsker L, Nahlen B, Steketee RW, 2003. Safety, efficacy and determinants of effectiveness of antimalarial drugs during pregnancy: implications for prevention programmes in Plasmodium falciparum-endemic sub-Saharan Africa. Trop Med Int Health 8 :488–506.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 6

    Kramer MS, 1987. Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ 65 :663–737.

  • 7

    McCormick MC, 1985. The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood morbidity. N Engl J Med 312 :82–90.

  • 8

    Murphy SC, Breman JG, 2001. Gaps in the childhood malaria burden in Africa: cerebral malaria, neurological sequelae, anemia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, and complications of pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :57–67.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 9

    Steketee RW, Nahlen BL, Parise ME, Menendez C, 2001. The burden of malaria in pregnancy in malaria-endemic areas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :28–35.

  • 10

    Gilles HM, Lawson JB, Sibelas M, Voller A, Allan N, 1969. Malaria, anaemia and pregnancy. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 63 :245–263.

  • 11

    Brabin BJ, Brabin LR, Sapau J, Alpers MP, 1988. A longitudinal study of splenomegaly in pregnancy in a malaria endemic area in Papua New Guinea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 82 :677– 681.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 12

    Brabin BJ, Ginny M, Sapau J, Galme K, Paino J, 1990. Consequences of maternal anaemia on the outcome of pregnancy in a malaria endemic area in Papua New Guinea. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 84 :11–24.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 13

    Menendez C, 1995. Malaria during pregnancy: a priority area of malaria research and control. Parasitol Today 11 :178–183.

  • 14

    Keuter M, van Eijk A, Hoogstrate M, Raasveld M, van de Ree M, Ngwawe WA, Watkins WM, Were JBO, Brandling-Bennett AD, 1990. Comparison of chloroquine, pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, and chlorproguanil and dapsone as treatment for falciparum malaria in pregnant and non-pregnant women, Kakamega district, Kenya. BMJ 301 :466–470.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 15

    Bulmer JN, Rasheed FN, Francis N, Morrison L, Greenwood BM, 1993. Placental malaria. I. Pathological classification. Histopathology 22 :211–218.

  • 16

    Mutabingwa TK, 1994. Malaria in pregnancy: epidemiology, pathophysiology and control options. Acta Trop 57 :239–254.

  • 17

    van Geertruyden JP, Ntakirutimana D, Erhart A, Rwagacondo C, Kabano A, D’Alessandro U, 2005. Malaria infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in six Rwandan districts. Trop Med Int Health 10 :681–688.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 18

    Kortman HFCM, 1972. Malaria and pregnancy. M.D. thesis. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Drukkerij Elinkwijk, Utrecht.

    • PubMed
    • Export Citation
  • 19

    McGregor IA, 1984. Epidemiology, malaria and pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33 :517–525.

  • 20

    Jelliffe EFP, 1968. Low birth-weight and malarial infection of the placenta. Bull World Health Organ 38 :69–78.

  • 21

    McGregor IA, Wilson ME, Billewicz WZ, 1983. Malaria infection of the placenta in The Gambia, West Africa; its incidence and relationship to stillbirth, birthweight and placental weight. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 77 :232–244.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 22

    Diagne N, Rogier C, Cisse B, Trape JF, 1997. Incidence of clinical malaria in pregnant women exposed to intense perennial transmission. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :166–170.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 23

    Brabin BJ, 1991. The risks and severity of malaria in pregnant women. Applied Field Research in Malaria Reports No 1. Geneva: TDR/WHO.

    • PubMed
    • Export Citation
  • 24

    Ministère de la Santé du Burkina Faso, Direction des études et de la planification, (2005). Annuaire statistique 2004.

    • PubMed
    • Export Citation
  • 25

    Talisuna AO, Bloland P, D’Alessandro U, 2004. History, dynamics, and public health importance of malaria parasite resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 17 :235–254.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 26

    Gansané A, Nebié I, Diarra A, Ouédraogo A, Soulama I, Bougouma E, Tiono A, Dermé A, Konaté A, Sirima B, 2005. Efficacy of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Ouagadougou, capital city of Burkina Faso. Acta Trop 95S :S335–S336.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 27

    Sirima SB, Sawadogo R, Moran AC, Konate A, Diarra A, Yameogo M, Parise ME, Newman RD, 2003. Failure of a chloroquine prophylaxis program to adequately prevent malaria during pregnancy in Koupéla District, Burkina Faso. Clin Infect Dis 36 :1374–1382.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 28

    Brabin BJ, 1983. An analysis of malaria in pregnancy in Africa. Bull World Health Organ 61 :1005–1016.

  • 29

    Steketee RW, Brandling-Bennett AD, Kaseje DC, Schwartz IK, Churchill FC, 1987. In vivo response of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Siaya District, Kenya. Bull World Health Organ 65 :885–890.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 30

    World Health Organization, 2006. Malaria in pregnancy: guidelines for measuring key monitoring and evaluation indicators. Final Draft.

    • PubMed
    • Export Citation
  • 31

    Guyatt HL, Snow RW. 2001. The epidemiology and burden of Plasmodium falciparum-related anemia among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 (1–2 Suppl):36–44.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 32

    Rogerson SJ, van den Broek NR, Chaluluka E, Qongwane C, Mhango CG, Molyneux ME, 2000. Malaria and anemia in antenatal women in Blantyre, Malawi: a twelve-month survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :335–340.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 33

    Miaffo C, Some F, Kouyate B, Jahn A, Mueller O, 2004. Malaria and anemia prevention in pregnant women of rural Burkina Faso. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 27;4(1):18.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 34

    Bouvier P, Doumbo O, Breslow N, Robert CF, Mauris A, Picquet M, Kouriba B, Dembele HK, Delley V, Rougemont A, 1997. Seasonality, malaria, and impact of prophylaxis in a West African village I. Effect of anemia in pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :378–383.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 35

    Dicko A, Mantel C, Thera MA, Doumbia S, Diallo M, Diakite M, Sagara I, Doumbo OK, 2003. Risk factors for malaria infection and anemia for pregnant women in the Sahel area of Bandiagara, Mali. Acta Trop 89 :17–23.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
Past two years Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 80 60 8
Full Text Views 130 4 1
PDF Downloads 37 4 1
 
 
 
 
Affiliate Membership Banner
 
 
Research for Health Information Banner
 
 
CLOCKSS
 
 
 
Society Publishers Coalition Banner
Save