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-
1
Marsden PD, 1985. Pentavalent antimonials: old drug for new disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 18 :187–198.
-
2
Navin TR, Arana BA, Arana FE, Berman JD, Chajon JF, 1992. Placebo-controlled clinical trial of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) versus ketoconazole for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala. J Infect Dis 165 :528–534.
-
3
Romero GAS, Guerra MVF, Paes MG, Macedo VO, 2001. Comparison of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (V.) guaynensis in Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :456–465.
-
4
Alrajhi AA, Ibrahim EA, De Vol EB, Khairat M, Faris RM, Maguire JH, 2002. Fluconazole for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major. N Engl J Med 346 :891–895.
-
5
Foulds G, Shepard RM, Johnson RB, 1990. The pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in human serum and tissues. J Antimicrob Chemother 25 (Suppl A):73–82.
-
6
Koletar SL, Berry AJ, Cynamon MH, Jacobson J, Currier JS, MacGregor RR, Dunne MW, Williams DJ, 1999. Azithromycin as treatment for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex in AIDS patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43 :2869–2872.
-
7
Wildfleuer A, Laufen H, Zimmermann T, 1996. Uptake of azithromycin by various cells and its intracellular activity under in vivo conditions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40 :75–79.
-
8
Neu HC, 1991. Clinical microbiology of azithromycin. Am J Med 91 :12S–18S.
-
9
Peters DH, Friedel HA, McTavish D, 1992. Azithromycin. A review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy. Drugs 44 :750–799.
-
10
Stamm WE, Hicks CB, Martin DH, Leone P, Hood EW 3rd, Cooper RH, Cohen MS, Batteiger BE, Workowski K, McCormack WM, 1995. Azithromycin for empirical treatment of the nongonococcal urethritis syndrome in men. A randomized double-blind study. JAMA 274 :545–549.
-
11
Tabbara KF, Abu-el-Asrar A, al-Omar O, Choudhury AH, al-Faisal Z. 1996. Single-dose azithromycin in the treatment of trachoma. A randomized controlled study. Ophthalmology 103: 842–846.
-
12
Krolewiecki AJ, Scott P, Abraham D, 1999. The anti-leishmania activity of azithromycin in an in vitro model. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 32 :137.
-
13
Prata A, Silva-Vergara ML, Costa L, Rocha A, Krolewiecki A, Silva JC, Paula EV, Pimenta FG Jr, Giraldo LE, 2003. Efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 36 :65–69.
-
14
Herwaldt BL, 1999. Leishmaniasis. Lancet 354 :1191–1199.
-
15
Hepburn NC, 2000. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 25 :363–370.
-
16
Anderson SL, Berman J, Kuschner R, Wesche D, Magill A, Wellde B, Schneider J, Dunne M, Schuster BG, 1995. Prophy-laxis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria with azithromycin administered to volunteers. Ann Intern Med 123 :771–773.
-
17
Chang HR, Pechere JC, 1988. In vitro effects of four macrolides (roxithromycin, spiramycin, azithromycin [CP-62,693], and A-56268) on Toxoplasma gondii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32 :524–529.
-
18
Krolewiecki AJ, Leon S, Scott P, Abraham D, 2002. Activity of azithromycin against Leishmania major in vitro and in vivo. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :273–277.
-
19
Xu G, Fujita J, Negayama K, Yuube K, Hojo S, Yamaji Y, Kawanishi K, Takahara J, 1996. Effect of macrolide antibiotics on macrophage functions. Microb Immunol 40 :473–479.
-
20
Tanyuksel M, Bas AL, Araz E, Aybay C, 2003. Determination of intracellular efficacies of azithromycin against Leishmania major infection in human neutrophils in vitro. Cell Biochem Funct 21 :93–96.
-
21
Silva-Vergara ML, Silva L de A, Maneira FR, da Silva AG, Prata A, 2004. Azithromycin in treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis. Med Trop Sao Paulo 46 :175–177.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 122 | 102 | 23 |
| Full Text Views | 139 | 3 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 44 | 3 | 1 |
Efficacy of Azithromycin versus Systemic Meglumine Antimoniate (Glucantime) in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Pouran Layegh
Pouran Layegh
Qaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mohammad Javad Yazdanpanah
Mohammad Javad Yazdanpanah
Qaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Elham Mohammadi Vosugh
Elham Mohammadi Vosugh
Qaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Fakhrozaman Pezeshkpoor
Fakhrozaman Pezeshkpoor
Qaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mohamad Taghi Shakeri
Mohamad Taghi Shakeri
Qaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Toktam Moghiman
Toktam Moghiman
Qaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) treatment is painful, and cosmetic results are often unsatisfying. Azithromycin has been reported to be effective in treatment of CL caused by Leishmania viannia braziliensis. The efficacy of azithromycin was compared with Glucantime in treatment of Old World leishmaniasis. Of 49 patients, 22 received 500 mg/day azithromycin for 5 days/month. Treatment cycles were repeated monthly to a maximum of 4 months; 27 patients received 60 mg/kg intramuscular meglumine antimoniate for 20 days. Both groups were followed up for 16 weeks. In the azithromycin group, 2 patients withdrew because of GI symptoms. The response rates of 20 patients (29 lesions) were as follows: full improvement, 10.3%; partial improvement, 27.6%; and 62.1%, no response. In the glucantime group with 27 patients (58 lesions), these rates were 34.4%, 13.8%, and 51.7%, respectively (P = 0.036). Azithromycin was determined to be not as effective as Glucantime in treatment of Old World CL.
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-
1
Marsden PD, 1985. Pentavalent antimonials: old drug for new disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 18 :187–198.
-
2
Navin TR, Arana BA, Arana FE, Berman JD, Chajon JF, 1992. Placebo-controlled clinical trial of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) versus ketoconazole for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala. J Infect Dis 165 :528–534.
-
3
Romero GAS, Guerra MVF, Paes MG, Macedo VO, 2001. Comparison of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (V.) guaynensis in Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :456–465.
-
4
Alrajhi AA, Ibrahim EA, De Vol EB, Khairat M, Faris RM, Maguire JH, 2002. Fluconazole for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major. N Engl J Med 346 :891–895.
-
5
Foulds G, Shepard RM, Johnson RB, 1990. The pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in human serum and tissues. J Antimicrob Chemother 25 (Suppl A):73–82.
-
6
Koletar SL, Berry AJ, Cynamon MH, Jacobson J, Currier JS, MacGregor RR, Dunne MW, Williams DJ, 1999. Azithromycin as treatment for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex in AIDS patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43 :2869–2872.
-
7
Wildfleuer A, Laufen H, Zimmermann T, 1996. Uptake of azithromycin by various cells and its intracellular activity under in vivo conditions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40 :75–79.
-
8
Neu HC, 1991. Clinical microbiology of azithromycin. Am J Med 91 :12S–18S.
-
9
Peters DH, Friedel HA, McTavish D, 1992. Azithromycin. A review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy. Drugs 44 :750–799.
-
10
Stamm WE, Hicks CB, Martin DH, Leone P, Hood EW 3rd, Cooper RH, Cohen MS, Batteiger BE, Workowski K, McCormack WM, 1995. Azithromycin for empirical treatment of the nongonococcal urethritis syndrome in men. A randomized double-blind study. JAMA 274 :545–549.
-
11
Tabbara KF, Abu-el-Asrar A, al-Omar O, Choudhury AH, al-Faisal Z. 1996. Single-dose azithromycin in the treatment of trachoma. A randomized controlled study. Ophthalmology 103: 842–846.
-
12
Krolewiecki AJ, Scott P, Abraham D, 1999. The anti-leishmania activity of azithromycin in an in vitro model. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 32 :137.
-
13
Prata A, Silva-Vergara ML, Costa L, Rocha A, Krolewiecki A, Silva JC, Paula EV, Pimenta FG Jr, Giraldo LE, 2003. Efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 36 :65–69.
-
14
Herwaldt BL, 1999. Leishmaniasis. Lancet 354 :1191–1199.
-
15
Hepburn NC, 2000. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 25 :363–370.
-
16
Anderson SL, Berman J, Kuschner R, Wesche D, Magill A, Wellde B, Schneider J, Dunne M, Schuster BG, 1995. Prophy-laxis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria with azithromycin administered to volunteers. Ann Intern Med 123 :771–773.
-
17
Chang HR, Pechere JC, 1988. In vitro effects of four macrolides (roxithromycin, spiramycin, azithromycin [CP-62,693], and A-56268) on Toxoplasma gondii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32 :524–529.
-
18
Krolewiecki AJ, Leon S, Scott P, Abraham D, 2002. Activity of azithromycin against Leishmania major in vitro and in vivo. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :273–277.
-
19
Xu G, Fujita J, Negayama K, Yuube K, Hojo S, Yamaji Y, Kawanishi K, Takahara J, 1996. Effect of macrolide antibiotics on macrophage functions. Microb Immunol 40 :473–479.
-
20
Tanyuksel M, Bas AL, Araz E, Aybay C, 2003. Determination of intracellular efficacies of azithromycin against Leishmania major infection in human neutrophils in vitro. Cell Biochem Funct 21 :93–96.
-
21
Silva-Vergara ML, Silva L de A, Maneira FR, da Silva AG, Prata A, 2004. Azithromycin in treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis. Med Trop Sao Paulo 46 :175–177.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 122 | 102 | 23 |
| Full Text Views | 139 | 3 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 44 | 3 | 1 |