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-
1
Kim YS, Yun HJ, Shim SK, Koo SH, Kim SY, Kim SA, 2004. comparative trial of a single dose of azithromycin versus doxy-cycline for the treatment of mild scrub typhus. Clin Infect Dis 39 :1329–1335.
-
2
Varghese GM, Abraham OC, Mathai D, Thomas K, Aaron R, Kavitha ML, Mathai E, 2006. Scrub typhus among hospitalized patients with febrile illness in South India: magnitude and clinical predictors. J Infect 52 :56–60.
-
3
Saini R, Pui JC, Burgin S, 2004. Rickettsialpox: report of three cases and a review. J Am Acad Dermatol 51: S137–S142 (review); Erratum in J Am Acad Dermatol51: 1040.
-
4
Berman SJ, Kundin WD, 1973. Scrub typhus in South Vietnam. A study of 87 cases. Ann Intern Med 79 :26–30.
-
5
Sayen JJ, Pond HS, Forrester JS, 1946. Scrub typhus in Assam and Burma. Clinical study of 616 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 25 :155–214.
-
6
Lee SH, Kim DM, Cho YS, Yoon SH, Shim SK, 2006. Usefulness of eschar PCR for diagnosis of scrub typhus. J Clin Microbiol 44 :1169–1171.
-
7
Kim DM, Yun NR, Yang TY, Lee JH, Yang JT, Shim SK, Park MY, Lee SH, 2006. Usefulness of nested PCR for the diagnosis of scrub typhus in clinical practice: a prospective study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :542–545.
-
8
Koss EL, Carter ME, Grossman DN, Silvers DN, Rabinowitz AD, Singleton J Jr, Zaki SR, Paddock CD, 2003. Increased detection of rickettsialpox in a New York City hospital following the anthrax outbreak of 2001: use of immunohistochemistry for the rapid confirmation of cases in an era of bioterrorism. Arch Dermatol 139 :1545–1552.
-
9
Robinson DM, Brown G, Gan E, Huxsoll DL, 1976. Adaptation of a microimmunofluorescence test to the study of human Rickettsia tsutsugamushi antibody. Am J Trop Med Hyg 25 :900–905.
-
10
Bozeman GW, Elisberg BL, 1963. Serological diagnosis of scrub typhus by indirect immunofluorescence. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 112 :568–573.
-
11
World Health Organization (WHO), 2004. WHO-Recommended Surveillance Standards. Second edition. Available at: http://www.who.int/emc-documents/surveillance/docs/whocdscsrisr992.pdf. Accessed 19 June 2004.
-
12
Irons EN, Armstrong HE, 1947. Scrub typhus in Dutch New Guinea. Ann Intern 26 :201–220.
-
13
Silpapojakul K, Varachit B, Silpapojakul K, 2004. Paediatric scrub typhus in Thailand: a study of 73 confirmed cases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 98 :354–359.
-
14
Silpapojakul K, Chupuppakarn S, Yuthasompob S, Varachit B, Chaipak D, Borkerd T, Silpapojakul K, 1991. Scrub and murine typhus in children with obscure fever in the tropics. Pediatr Infect Dis J 10 :200–203.
-
15
Satari HI, Brabin BJ, Samuel S, Tanskul P, Vasanawathana S, 1996. Scrub typhus in Thai children: clinical features and serological study. Abstract of a presentation at the 45th Ann. Mtg. of the Amer. Soc. Trop. Med. Hygiene, Baltimore, MD December 1–5, 1996. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 (2 suppl):219.
-
16
Premaratna R, Chandrasena TG, Dassayake AS, Loftis AD, Dasch GA, de Silva HJ, 2006. Acute hearing loss due to scrub typhus: a forgotten complication of a reemerging disease. Clin Infect Dis 42 :e6–e8.
-
17
Sirisanthana V, Puthanakit T, Sirisanthana T, 2003. Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of scrub typhus in thirty Thai children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 22 :341–345.
-
18
Dong SC, Kwang HL, Jin HP, Gae CS, Han SJ, Young HS, Gap JY, Ill KB, Chae SI, Whi NH, 1989. The study of 24 cases of Tsutsugamushi disease in Gang-Won-Do in the autumn of 1988. J Korean Med Assoc 37 :362–368.
-
19
Basnyat B, Belbase RH, Zimmerman MD, Woods CW, Reller LB, Murdoch DR, 2006. Clinical features of scrub typhus. Clin Infect Dis 42 :1505–1506.
-
20
Gentry JW, Yueh CS, Wah PO, 1963. Preliminary observations on Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) akamushi and Leptotreombidium (Leptotrombidium) deliensis in their natural habitat in Malaya (Acarina, Trombiculidae). Am J Hyg 78 :181–190.
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DISTRIBUTION OF ESCHARS ON THE BODY OF SCRUB TYPHUS PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
DONG-MIN KIM
DONG-MIN KIM
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea; Haenam General Hospital, Haenam, Korea; Jangheung General Hospital, Jangheung, Korea; Cheomdan General Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health College, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seonam University College of Medicine, Nam-won, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of Korea
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KYUNG JUN WON
KYUNG JUN WON
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea; Haenam General Hospital, Haenam, Korea; Jangheung General Hospital, Jangheung, Korea; Cheomdan General Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health College, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seonam University College of Medicine, Nam-won, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of Korea
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CHI YOUNG PARK
CHI YOUNG PARK
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea; Haenam General Hospital, Haenam, Korea; Jangheung General Hospital, Jangheung, Korea; Cheomdan General Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health College, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seonam University College of Medicine, Nam-won, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of Korea
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KI DONG YU
KI DONG YU
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea; Haenam General Hospital, Haenam, Korea; Jangheung General Hospital, Jangheung, Korea; Cheomdan General Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health College, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seonam University College of Medicine, Nam-won, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of Korea
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HYONG SUN KIM
HYONG SUN KIM
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea; Haenam General Hospital, Haenam, Korea; Jangheung General Hospital, Jangheung, Korea; Cheomdan General Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health College, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seonam University College of Medicine, Nam-won, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of Korea
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TAE YOUNG YANG
TAE YOUNG YANG
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea; Haenam General Hospital, Haenam, Korea; Jangheung General Hospital, Jangheung, Korea; Cheomdan General Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health College, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seonam University College of Medicine, Nam-won, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of Korea
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JI HYUN LEE
JI HYUN LEE
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea; Haenam General Hospital, Haenam, Korea; Jangheung General Hospital, Jangheung, Korea; Cheomdan General Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health College, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seonam University College of Medicine, Nam-won, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of Korea
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HYUN KUK KIM
HYUN KUK KIM
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea; Haenam General Hospital, Haenam, Korea; Jangheung General Hospital, Jangheung, Korea; Cheomdan General Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health College, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seonam University College of Medicine, Nam-won, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of Korea
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HYEON-JE SONG
HYEON-JE SONG
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea; Haenam General Hospital, Haenam, Korea; Jangheung General Hospital, Jangheung, Korea; Cheomdan General Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health College, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seonam University College of Medicine, Nam-won, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of Korea
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SEUNG-HYUN LEE
SEUNG-HYUN LEE
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea; Haenam General Hospital, Haenam, Korea; Jangheung General Hospital, Jangheung, Korea; Cheomdan General Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health College, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seonam University College of Medicine, Nam-won, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of Korea
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HO SHIN
HO SHIN
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea; Haenam General Hospital, Haenam, Korea; Jangheung General Hospital, Jangheung, Korea; Cheomdan General Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health College, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seonam University College of Medicine, Nam-won, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of Korea
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Eschar is an important finding for the diagnosis of scrub typhus. The IFA test for possible scrub typhus was performed. The presence or absence of eschar was thoroughly examined. Among the 176 scrub typhus cases confirmed by IFA, 162 (92.0%) cases had eschar; 128 patients (79.5%) had eschars on the front of the body. Eschars were primarily detected in males within 30 cm below the umbilicus (19 patients, 35.8%). Distributions on the lower extremities and the front chest above the umbilicus were 22.6% (12 patients) and 20.8% (11 patients), respectively. A different pattern was seen in females. The most prevalent area was the front chest above the umbilicus, which accounted for 40.7% (44 patients) of all the detected eschars. Our study is the first report of a schematic diagram that shows the differences between the males and females with respect to eschar location in scrub typhus patients.
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-
1
Kim YS, Yun HJ, Shim SK, Koo SH, Kim SY, Kim SA, 2004. comparative trial of a single dose of azithromycin versus doxy-cycline for the treatment of mild scrub typhus. Clin Infect Dis 39 :1329–1335.
-
2
Varghese GM, Abraham OC, Mathai D, Thomas K, Aaron R, Kavitha ML, Mathai E, 2006. Scrub typhus among hospitalized patients with febrile illness in South India: magnitude and clinical predictors. J Infect 52 :56–60.
-
3
Saini R, Pui JC, Burgin S, 2004. Rickettsialpox: report of three cases and a review. J Am Acad Dermatol 51: S137–S142 (review); Erratum in J Am Acad Dermatol51: 1040.
-
4
Berman SJ, Kundin WD, 1973. Scrub typhus in South Vietnam. A study of 87 cases. Ann Intern Med 79 :26–30.
-
5
Sayen JJ, Pond HS, Forrester JS, 1946. Scrub typhus in Assam and Burma. Clinical study of 616 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 25 :155–214.
-
6
Lee SH, Kim DM, Cho YS, Yoon SH, Shim SK, 2006. Usefulness of eschar PCR for diagnosis of scrub typhus. J Clin Microbiol 44 :1169–1171.
-
7
Kim DM, Yun NR, Yang TY, Lee JH, Yang JT, Shim SK, Park MY, Lee SH, 2006. Usefulness of nested PCR for the diagnosis of scrub typhus in clinical practice: a prospective study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :542–545.
-
8
Koss EL, Carter ME, Grossman DN, Silvers DN, Rabinowitz AD, Singleton J Jr, Zaki SR, Paddock CD, 2003. Increased detection of rickettsialpox in a New York City hospital following the anthrax outbreak of 2001: use of immunohistochemistry for the rapid confirmation of cases in an era of bioterrorism. Arch Dermatol 139 :1545–1552.
-
9
Robinson DM, Brown G, Gan E, Huxsoll DL, 1976. Adaptation of a microimmunofluorescence test to the study of human Rickettsia tsutsugamushi antibody. Am J Trop Med Hyg 25 :900–905.
-
10
Bozeman GW, Elisberg BL, 1963. Serological diagnosis of scrub typhus by indirect immunofluorescence. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 112 :568–573.
-
11
World Health Organization (WHO), 2004. WHO-Recommended Surveillance Standards. Second edition. Available at: http://www.who.int/emc-documents/surveillance/docs/whocdscsrisr992.pdf. Accessed 19 June 2004.
-
12
Irons EN, Armstrong HE, 1947. Scrub typhus in Dutch New Guinea. Ann Intern 26 :201–220.
-
13
Silpapojakul K, Varachit B, Silpapojakul K, 2004. Paediatric scrub typhus in Thailand: a study of 73 confirmed cases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 98 :354–359.
-
14
Silpapojakul K, Chupuppakarn S, Yuthasompob S, Varachit B, Chaipak D, Borkerd T, Silpapojakul K, 1991. Scrub and murine typhus in children with obscure fever in the tropics. Pediatr Infect Dis J 10 :200–203.
-
15
Satari HI, Brabin BJ, Samuel S, Tanskul P, Vasanawathana S, 1996. Scrub typhus in Thai children: clinical features and serological study. Abstract of a presentation at the 45th Ann. Mtg. of the Amer. Soc. Trop. Med. Hygiene, Baltimore, MD December 1–5, 1996. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 (2 suppl):219.
-
16
Premaratna R, Chandrasena TG, Dassayake AS, Loftis AD, Dasch GA, de Silva HJ, 2006. Acute hearing loss due to scrub typhus: a forgotten complication of a reemerging disease. Clin Infect Dis 42 :e6–e8.
-
17
Sirisanthana V, Puthanakit T, Sirisanthana T, 2003. Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of scrub typhus in thirty Thai children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 22 :341–345.
-
18
Dong SC, Kwang HL, Jin HP, Gae CS, Han SJ, Young HS, Gap JY, Ill KB, Chae SI, Whi NH, 1989. The study of 24 cases of Tsutsugamushi disease in Gang-Won-Do in the autumn of 1988. J Korean Med Assoc 37 :362–368.
-
19
Basnyat B, Belbase RH, Zimmerman MD, Woods CW, Reller LB, Murdoch DR, 2006. Clinical features of scrub typhus. Clin Infect Dis 42 :1505–1506.
-
20
Gentry JW, Yueh CS, Wah PO, 1963. Preliminary observations on Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) akamushi and Leptotreombidium (Leptotrombidium) deliensis in their natural habitat in Malaya (Acarina, Trombiculidae). Am J Hyg 78 :181–190.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 605 | 516 | 62 |
| Full Text Views | 689 | 4 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 279 | 5 | 1 |