Carlier Y, Pinto Dias JC, Ostermayer Luquetti AO, Hontebeyrie M, Torrico F, Truyens C, 2002. Trypanosomiase américaine ou maladie de Chagas. Editions Scientifiques et Medicales Elsevier, ed. Encycl Méd Chir, Maladies Infectieuses. Paris: Elsevier, 8-505–A-20.
Carlier Y, Torrico F, 2003. Congenital infection with Trypanosoma cruzi: From mechanisms of transmission to strategies for diagnosis and control. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 36 :767–771.
Fernandez-Aguilar S, Lambot MA, Torrico F, Alonso-Vega C, Cordoba M, Suarez E, Noel JC, Carlier Y, 2005. Las lesiones placentarias en la infeccion humana por Trypanosoma cruzi. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38 (Suppl 2):84–86.
Revello MG, Lilleri D, Zavattoni M, Furione M, Middeldorp J, Gerna G, 2003. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital human cyto-megalovirus infection in amniotic fluid by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay. J Clin Microbiol 41 :1772–1774.
Mace M, Cointe D, Six C, Levy-Bruhl D, Parent DC, Ingrand D, Grangeot-Keros L, 2004. Diagnostic value of reverse transcription-PCR of amniotic fluid for prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella infection in pregnant women with confirmed primary rubella infection. J Clin Microbiol 42 :4818–4820.
Thalib L, Gras L, Romand S, Prusa A, Bessieres MH, Petersen E, Gilbert RE, 2005. Prediction of congenital toxoplasmosis by polymerase chain reaction analysis of amniotic fluid. BJOG 112 :567–574.
McIver CJ, Jacques CF, Chow SS, Munro SC, Scott GM, Roberts JA, Graig ME, Rawlison WD, 2005. Development of multiplex PCRs for detection of common viral pathogens and agents of congenital infections. J Clin Microbiol 43 :5102–5110.
Torrico F, Alonso-Vega C, Suarez E, Rodriguez P, Torrico MC, Dramaix M, Truyens C, Carlier Y, 2004. Maternal Trypanosoma cruzi infection, pregnancy outcome, morbidity, and mortality of congenitally infected and non-infected newborns in Bolivia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :201–209.
Virreira M, Torrico F, Truyens C, Alonso-Vega C, Solano M, Carlier Y, Svoboda M, 2003. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction methods for reliable and easy detection of congenital Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :574–582.
Cummings KL, Tarleton RL, 2003. Rapid quantitation of Trypanosoma cruzi in host tissue by real-time PCR. Mol Biochem Parasitol 129 :53–59.
Moya PR, Villagra L, Risco J, 1979. Congenital Chagas disease: anatomopathological findings in the placenta and umbilical cord. Rev Fac Cienc Med Cordoba 37 :21–27.
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Although Trypanosoma cruzi can be transmitted transplacentally and induce congenital infection, no data are available about the presence of this parasite in human amniotic fluid. We examined 8, 19, and 4 amniotic fluid samples (collected at delivery or by aspiration of gastric content of neonates) from control uninfected mothers (M−B−), infected mothers delivering uninfected newborns (M+B−), and mothers of confirmed congenital cases (M+B+), respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using nuclear and kinetoplastic DNA primers (Tcz1-Tcz2 and 121–122), were negative for all control M−B− samples, but positive for 5 of 19 M+B− and 2 of 4 M+B+ samples. To determine the number of parasites in the positive samples, real-time PCR using S35/S36 kinetoplastic DNA was performed. Only one M+B+ sample presented a high parasitic DNA amount, whereas the other six PCR-positive samples displayed traces of T. cruzi DNA. In conclusion, the release of parasites in amniotic fluid is probably a rare event that cannot be helpful for the routine diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease.
Carlier Y, Pinto Dias JC, Ostermayer Luquetti AO, Hontebeyrie M, Torrico F, Truyens C, 2002. Trypanosomiase américaine ou maladie de Chagas. Editions Scientifiques et Medicales Elsevier, ed. Encycl Méd Chir, Maladies Infectieuses. Paris: Elsevier, 8-505–A-20.
Carlier Y, Torrico F, 2003. Congenital infection with Trypanosoma cruzi: From mechanisms of transmission to strategies for diagnosis and control. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 36 :767–771.
Fernandez-Aguilar S, Lambot MA, Torrico F, Alonso-Vega C, Cordoba M, Suarez E, Noel JC, Carlier Y, 2005. Las lesiones placentarias en la infeccion humana por Trypanosoma cruzi. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38 (Suppl 2):84–86.
Revello MG, Lilleri D, Zavattoni M, Furione M, Middeldorp J, Gerna G, 2003. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital human cyto-megalovirus infection in amniotic fluid by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay. J Clin Microbiol 41 :1772–1774.
Mace M, Cointe D, Six C, Levy-Bruhl D, Parent DC, Ingrand D, Grangeot-Keros L, 2004. Diagnostic value of reverse transcription-PCR of amniotic fluid for prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella infection in pregnant women with confirmed primary rubella infection. J Clin Microbiol 42 :4818–4820.
Thalib L, Gras L, Romand S, Prusa A, Bessieres MH, Petersen E, Gilbert RE, 2005. Prediction of congenital toxoplasmosis by polymerase chain reaction analysis of amniotic fluid. BJOG 112 :567–574.
McIver CJ, Jacques CF, Chow SS, Munro SC, Scott GM, Roberts JA, Graig ME, Rawlison WD, 2005. Development of multiplex PCRs for detection of common viral pathogens and agents of congenital infections. J Clin Microbiol 43 :5102–5110.
Torrico F, Alonso-Vega C, Suarez E, Rodriguez P, Torrico MC, Dramaix M, Truyens C, Carlier Y, 2004. Maternal Trypanosoma cruzi infection, pregnancy outcome, morbidity, and mortality of congenitally infected and non-infected newborns in Bolivia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :201–209.
Virreira M, Torrico F, Truyens C, Alonso-Vega C, Solano M, Carlier Y, Svoboda M, 2003. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction methods for reliable and easy detection of congenital Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :574–582.
Cummings KL, Tarleton RL, 2003. Rapid quantitation of Trypanosoma cruzi in host tissue by real-time PCR. Mol Biochem Parasitol 129 :53–59.
Moya PR, Villagra L, Risco J, 1979. Congenital Chagas disease: anatomopathological findings in the placenta and umbilical cord. Rev Fac Cienc Med Cordoba 37 :21–27.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 178 | 137 | 21 |
Full Text Views | 334 | 4 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 59 | 4 | 1 |