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1
Daubersies P, Sallenave-Sales S, Magne S, Trape J-P, Contamin H, Fandeur T, Rogier C, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Druilhe P, 1996. Rapid turnover of Plasmodium falciparum populations in asymptomatic individuals living in a high transmission area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54 :18–26.
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2
Walliker D, Quakyi IA, Wellems TE, McCutchan TF, Szarfman A, London WT, Corcoran LM, Burkot TR, Carter R, 1987. Genetic analysis of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Science 236 :1661–1666.
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3
Paul RE, Packer MJ, Walmsley M, Lagog M, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Paru R, Day KP, 1995. Mating patterns in malaria parasite populations of Papua New Guinea. Science 269 :1709–1711.
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4
Kerr PJ, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Walliker D, 1994. Proof of intragenic recombination in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 66 :241–248.
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5
Kamwendo DD, Dzinjalamala FK, Snounou G, Kanjala MCC, Mhango CG, Molyneux ME, Rogerson SJ, 2002. Plasmodium falciparum: PCR detection and genotyping of isolates from peripheral, placental, and cord blood of pregnant Malawian women and their infants. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 :145–149.
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6
Farnert A, Snounou G, Rooth I, Bjorkman A, 1997. Daily dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum subpopulations in asymptomatic children in a holoendemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :538–547.
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7
Bruce MC, Galinski MR, Barnwell JW, Donnelly CA, Walmsley M, Alpers MP, Walliker D, Day KP, 2000. Genetic diversity and dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax populations in multiply infected children with asymptomatic malaria infections in Papua New Guinea. Parasitology 121 :257–272.
-
8
Davis TM, Supanaranond W, Pukrittayakamee S, Silamut K, White NJ, 2003. Evidence for continued two-brood replication of Plasmodium falciparum in vivo during quinine treatment. Acta Trop 89 :41–45.
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9
Zwetyenga J, Rogier C, Tall A, Fontenille D, Snounou G, Trape JF, Mercereau-Puijalon O, 1998. No influence of age on infection complexity and allelic distribution in Plasmodium falciparum infections in Ndiop, a Senegalese village with seasonal, mesoendemic malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :726–735.
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10
Warrell DA, Molyneux ME, Beales PF, 1990. Severe and complicated malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 :1–65.
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11
Snounou G, Zhu X, Siripoon N, Jarra W, Thaithong S, Brown KN, Viriyakosol S, 1999. Biased distribution of msp1 and msp2 allelic variants in Plasmodium falciparum populations in Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :369–374.
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12
Missinou MA, Kun JF, Kremsner PG, 2004. No change in parasite genotype during single episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabonese children. Parasitol Res 93 :322–327.
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13
Jarra W, Snounou G, 1998. Only viable parasites are detected by PCR following clearance of rodent malarial infections by drug treatment or immune responses. Infect Immun 66 :3783–3787.
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14
Sutherland C, Alloueche A, McRobert L, Ord R, Leggat J, Snounou G, Pinder M, Targett GA, 2002. Genetic complexity of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of treated Gambian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :700–705.
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15
Skinner TS, Manning LS, Johnston WA, Davis TM, 1996. In vitro stage-specific sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to quinine and artemisinin drugs. Int J Parasitol 26 :519–525.
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16
ter Kuile FO, Dolan G, Nosten F, Edstein MD, Luxemburger C, Phaipun L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, Webster HK, White NJ, 1993. Halofantrine versus mefloquine in treatment of multi-drug-resistant falciparum malaria. Lancet 341 :1044–1049.
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17
Udomsangpetch R, Pipitaporn B, Krishna S, Angus B, Pukrittayakamee S, Bates I, Suputtamongkol Y, Kyle DE, White NJ, 1996. Antimalarial drugs reduce cytoadherence and resetting Plasmodium falciparum. J Infect Dis 173 :691–698.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 229 | 205 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 120 | 3 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 27 | 3 | 1 |
ARE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM PARASITES PRESENT IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD GENETICALLY THE SAME AS THOSE SEQUESTERED IN THE TISSUES?
EDSON G. DEMBO
EDSON G. DEMBO
Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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HAPPY T. PHIRI
HAPPY T. PHIRI
Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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JACQUI MONTGOMERY
JACQUI MONTGOMERY
Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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MALCOLM E. MOLYNEUX
MALCOLM E. MOLYNEUX
Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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STEPHEN J. ROGERSON
STEPHEN J. ROGERSON
Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Since quinine does not inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum ring stages or mature schizonts, parasites may continue to emerge from sequestration sites after starting treatment. We used polymerase chain reaction amplification of P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) and MSP-2 alleles to distinguish genotypes infecting 58 children with severe malaria. To examine changes in parasite populations in peripheral blood over time, we compared changes in number and spectrum of genotypes in samples on admission to a hospital to those obtained up to 24 hours later. Thirty-four children lost genotypes, 21 retained genotypes, and 3 gained an extra P. falciparum genotype at one locus but not the other. The lack of novel genotypes emerging suggests that among children with severe malaria the dominant clones sequestered in deep organs are usually the same as those in peripheral circulation.
Author Notes
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-
1
Daubersies P, Sallenave-Sales S, Magne S, Trape J-P, Contamin H, Fandeur T, Rogier C, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Druilhe P, 1996. Rapid turnover of Plasmodium falciparum populations in asymptomatic individuals living in a high transmission area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54 :18–26.
-
2
Walliker D, Quakyi IA, Wellems TE, McCutchan TF, Szarfman A, London WT, Corcoran LM, Burkot TR, Carter R, 1987. Genetic analysis of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Science 236 :1661–1666.
-
3
Paul RE, Packer MJ, Walmsley M, Lagog M, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Paru R, Day KP, 1995. Mating patterns in malaria parasite populations of Papua New Guinea. Science 269 :1709–1711.
-
4
Kerr PJ, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Walliker D, 1994. Proof of intragenic recombination in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 66 :241–248.
-
5
Kamwendo DD, Dzinjalamala FK, Snounou G, Kanjala MCC, Mhango CG, Molyneux ME, Rogerson SJ, 2002. Plasmodium falciparum: PCR detection and genotyping of isolates from peripheral, placental, and cord blood of pregnant Malawian women and their infants. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 :145–149.
-
6
Farnert A, Snounou G, Rooth I, Bjorkman A, 1997. Daily dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum subpopulations in asymptomatic children in a holoendemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :538–547.
-
7
Bruce MC, Galinski MR, Barnwell JW, Donnelly CA, Walmsley M, Alpers MP, Walliker D, Day KP, 2000. Genetic diversity and dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax populations in multiply infected children with asymptomatic malaria infections in Papua New Guinea. Parasitology 121 :257–272.
-
8
Davis TM, Supanaranond W, Pukrittayakamee S, Silamut K, White NJ, 2003. Evidence for continued two-brood replication of Plasmodium falciparum in vivo during quinine treatment. Acta Trop 89 :41–45.
-
9
Zwetyenga J, Rogier C, Tall A, Fontenille D, Snounou G, Trape JF, Mercereau-Puijalon O, 1998. No influence of age on infection complexity and allelic distribution in Plasmodium falciparum infections in Ndiop, a Senegalese village with seasonal, mesoendemic malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :726–735.
-
10
Warrell DA, Molyneux ME, Beales PF, 1990. Severe and complicated malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 :1–65.
-
11
Snounou G, Zhu X, Siripoon N, Jarra W, Thaithong S, Brown KN, Viriyakosol S, 1999. Biased distribution of msp1 and msp2 allelic variants in Plasmodium falciparum populations in Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :369–374.
-
12
Missinou MA, Kun JF, Kremsner PG, 2004. No change in parasite genotype during single episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabonese children. Parasitol Res 93 :322–327.
-
13
Jarra W, Snounou G, 1998. Only viable parasites are detected by PCR following clearance of rodent malarial infections by drug treatment or immune responses. Infect Immun 66 :3783–3787.
-
14
Sutherland C, Alloueche A, McRobert L, Ord R, Leggat J, Snounou G, Pinder M, Targett GA, 2002. Genetic complexity of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of treated Gambian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :700–705.
-
15
Skinner TS, Manning LS, Johnston WA, Davis TM, 1996. In vitro stage-specific sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to quinine and artemisinin drugs. Int J Parasitol 26 :519–525.
-
16
ter Kuile FO, Dolan G, Nosten F, Edstein MD, Luxemburger C, Phaipun L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, Webster HK, White NJ, 1993. Halofantrine versus mefloquine in treatment of multi-drug-resistant falciparum malaria. Lancet 341 :1044–1049.
-
17
Udomsangpetch R, Pipitaporn B, Krishna S, Angus B, Pukrittayakamee S, Bates I, Suputtamongkol Y, Kyle DE, White NJ, 1996. Antimalarial drugs reduce cytoadherence and resetting Plasmodium falciparum. J Infect Dis 173 :691–698.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 229 | 205 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 120 | 3 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 27 | 3 | 1 |