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-
1
Alvar J, Cañavate C, Gutierrez-Solar B, Jimenez M, Laguna F, Lopez-Velez R, Molina R, Moreno J, 1997. Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: the first 10 years. Clin Microbiol Rev 10 :298–319.
-
2
Ribera E, Ocana I, de Otero J, Cortes E, Gasser I, Pahissa A, 1996. Prophylaxis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Am J Med 100 :496–501.
-
3
Lopez-Velez R, Perez-Molina JA, Guerrero A, Baquero F, Villarrubia J, Escribano L, Bellas C, Perez-Corral F, Alvar J, 1998. Clinicoepidemiologic characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival analysis of patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and Leishmania in an area of Madrid, Spain. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :436–443.
-
4
Pintado V, Lopez-Velez R, 2001. HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Microbiol Infect 7 :291–300.
-
5
Casado JL, Lopez-Velez R, Pintado V, Quereda C, Antela A, Moreno S, 2001. Relapsing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients undergoing successful protease inhibitor therapy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 20 :202–205.
-
6
Fisa R, Riera C, Gallego M, Manubens J, Portus M, 2001. Nested PCR for diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis in peripheral blood, lymph node and bone marrow aspirates. Vet Parasitol 99 :105–111.
-
7
López Vélez R, Laguna F, Alvar J, Pérez-Molina A, Molina R, Martínez P, Villarrrubia J, 1995. Parasitic culture of buffy coat for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Clin Microbiol 33 :937–939.
-
8
Dereure J, Pratlong F, Reynes J, Basset D, Bastient P, Dedet JP, 1998. Haemoculture as a tool for diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients: interest for parasitic identification. Bull World Health Organ 76 :203–206.
-
9
Lachaud L, Dereure J, Chabbert E, Reynes J, Mauboussin JM, Oziol E, Dedet JP, Bastien P, 2000. Optimized PCR using patient blood samples for diagnosis and follow-up of visceral leishmaniasis, with special reference to AIDS patients. J Clin Microbiol 38 :236–240.
-
10
World Health Organization (WHO), 2000. Leishmania/HIV Coinfection: South-Western Europe 1990–1998 (WHO/LEISH/2000). Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
11
Piarroux R, Gambarelli F, Toga B, Dumon H, Fontes M, Dunan S, Quilici M, 1996. Interest and reliability of a polymerase chain reaction on bone-marrow samples in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in AIDS. AIDS 10 :452–453.
-
12
Mathis A, Deplazes P, 1995. PCR and in vitro cultivation for detection of Leishmania spp. in diagnostic samples from humans and dogs. J Clin Microbiol 5 :1145–1149.
-
13
Costa JM, Durand R, Deniau M, Rivollet D, Izri M, Houin R, Vidaud M, Bretagne S, 1996. PCR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Clin Microbiol 34 :1831–1833.
-
14
Osman OF, Oskam L, Zijlstra EE, Kroon NCM, Schoone GJ, Khalil ETAG, El-Hassan AM, Kager PA, 1997. Evaluation of PCR for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 35 :2454–2457.
-
15
Fisa R, Riera C, Ribera E, Gállego M, Portús M, 2002. A nested polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis and follow-up of human visceral leishmaniasis patients using blood samples. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 (Suppl 1):S191–S194.
-
16
Cruz I, Canavate C, Rubio JM, Morales MA, Chicharro C, Laguna F, Jimenez-Mejias M, Sirera G, Videla S, Alvar J, Spanish HIV-Leishmania Study Group, 2002. A nested polymerase chain reaction (Ln-PCR) for diagnosing and monitoring Leishmania infantum infection in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 (Suppl 1):S185–S189.
-
17
Lemesre JL, Rizvi F, Santoro F, Loyens M, Sadigursky M, Capron A, 1988. Autorrégulation de la croissance in vitro des Trypanosomatidae. C R Acad Sci III 307 :283–288.
-
18
Le Fichoux Y, Quaranta JF, Aufeuvre JP, Lelievre A, Marty P, Suffia I, Rousseau D, Kubar J, 1999. Occurrence of Leishmania infantum parasitemia in asymptomatic blood donors living in an area of endemicity in southern France. J Clin Microbiol 37 :1953–1957.
-
19
Riera C, Fisa R, Udina M, Gállego M, Portús M, 2004. Detection of Leishmania infantum cryptic infection in asymptomatic blood donors living in an endemic area (Eivissa, Balearic Islands, Spain) by different diagnostic methods. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 98 :102–110.
-
20
Pizzuto M, Piazza M, Senese D, Scalamogna C, Calattini S, Corsico L, Persico T, Adriani B, Magni C, Guaraldi G, Gaiera G, Ludovisi A, Gramiccia M, Galli M, Moroni M, Corbellino M, Antinori S, 2001. Role of PCR in diagnosis and prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Clin Microbiol 39 :357–361.
-
21
Bossolasco S, Gaiera G, Olchini D, Gulletta M, Martello L, Bestetti A, Bossi L, Germagnoli L, Lazzarin A, Uberti-Foppa C, Cinque P, 2003. Real-time PCR assay for clinical management of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with visceral leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 41 :5080–5084.
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VALUE OF CULTURE AND NESTED POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION OF BLOOD IN THE PREDICTION OF RELAPSES IN PATIENTS CO-INFECTED WITH LEISHMANIA AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
CRISTINA RIERA
CRISTINA RIERA
Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Residencia Sant Camil, Sant Pere de Ribes, Barcelona, Spain
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ROSER FISA
ROSER FISA
Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Residencia Sant Camil, Sant Pere de Ribes, Barcelona, Spain
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ESTEBAN RIBERA
ESTEBAN RIBERA
Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Residencia Sant Camil, Sant Pere de Ribes, Barcelona, Spain
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JAUME CARRIÓ
JAUME CARRIÓ
Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Residencia Sant Camil, Sant Pere de Ribes, Barcelona, Spain
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VICENÇ FALCÓ
VICENÇ FALCÓ
Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Residencia Sant Camil, Sant Pere de Ribes, Barcelona, Spain
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MONTSERRAT GÁLLEGO
MONTSERRAT GÁLLEGO
Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Residencia Sant Camil, Sant Pere de Ribes, Barcelona, Spain
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LLUIS MONER
LLUIS MONER
Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Residencia Sant Camil, Sant Pere de Ribes, Barcelona, Spain
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ISRAEL MOLINA
ISRAEL MOLINA
Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Residencia Sant Camil, Sant Pere de Ribes, Barcelona, Spain
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MONTSERRAT PORTÚS
MONTSERRAT PORTÚS
Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Residencia Sant Camil, Sant Pere de Ribes, Barcelona, Spain
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The use of culture and a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood in predicting the probability of relapse was evaluated in 20 patients co-infected with Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Fourteen of 20 patients relapsed, with 24 clinical relapses diagnosed. During clinical relapse, the parasite was detected by culture in 21 of 24 blood samples and by nested PCR in 23 of 24 blood samples. After treatment and during asymptomatic periods, the parasite was detected by culture in 18 (19.1%) of 94 blood samples and by nested PCR in 58 (61.7%) of 94 blood samples. For positive blood cultures, the Kaplan-Meier probability estimates for relapse at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were 44%, 68%, 76%, and 76%, respectively, while for positive nested PCRs, the estimates were 20%, 33%, 45%, and 50%, respectively. For negative blood cultures, relapse probabilities for the same time points were 7%, 12%, 12%, and 12%, while for negative nested PCRs, these probabilities were 8%, 14%, 21%, and 26%. Nested PCR-positive results in asymptomatic periods indicated presence of the parasite, but not necessarily relapse. However, the presence of viable parasites during post-treatment follow-up increased the probability of relapse and showed that culture positivity could be a good relapse marker.
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-
1
Alvar J, Cañavate C, Gutierrez-Solar B, Jimenez M, Laguna F, Lopez-Velez R, Molina R, Moreno J, 1997. Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: the first 10 years. Clin Microbiol Rev 10 :298–319.
-
2
Ribera E, Ocana I, de Otero J, Cortes E, Gasser I, Pahissa A, 1996. Prophylaxis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Am J Med 100 :496–501.
-
3
Lopez-Velez R, Perez-Molina JA, Guerrero A, Baquero F, Villarrubia J, Escribano L, Bellas C, Perez-Corral F, Alvar J, 1998. Clinicoepidemiologic characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival analysis of patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and Leishmania in an area of Madrid, Spain. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :436–443.
-
4
Pintado V, Lopez-Velez R, 2001. HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Microbiol Infect 7 :291–300.
-
5
Casado JL, Lopez-Velez R, Pintado V, Quereda C, Antela A, Moreno S, 2001. Relapsing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients undergoing successful protease inhibitor therapy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 20 :202–205.
-
6
Fisa R, Riera C, Gallego M, Manubens J, Portus M, 2001. Nested PCR for diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis in peripheral blood, lymph node and bone marrow aspirates. Vet Parasitol 99 :105–111.
-
7
López Vélez R, Laguna F, Alvar J, Pérez-Molina A, Molina R, Martínez P, Villarrrubia J, 1995. Parasitic culture of buffy coat for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Clin Microbiol 33 :937–939.
-
8
Dereure J, Pratlong F, Reynes J, Basset D, Bastient P, Dedet JP, 1998. Haemoculture as a tool for diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients: interest for parasitic identification. Bull World Health Organ 76 :203–206.
-
9
Lachaud L, Dereure J, Chabbert E, Reynes J, Mauboussin JM, Oziol E, Dedet JP, Bastien P, 2000. Optimized PCR using patient blood samples for diagnosis and follow-up of visceral leishmaniasis, with special reference to AIDS patients. J Clin Microbiol 38 :236–240.
-
10
World Health Organization (WHO), 2000. Leishmania/HIV Coinfection: South-Western Europe 1990–1998 (WHO/LEISH/2000). Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
11
Piarroux R, Gambarelli F, Toga B, Dumon H, Fontes M, Dunan S, Quilici M, 1996. Interest and reliability of a polymerase chain reaction on bone-marrow samples in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in AIDS. AIDS 10 :452–453.
-
12
Mathis A, Deplazes P, 1995. PCR and in vitro cultivation for detection of Leishmania spp. in diagnostic samples from humans and dogs. J Clin Microbiol 5 :1145–1149.
-
13
Costa JM, Durand R, Deniau M, Rivollet D, Izri M, Houin R, Vidaud M, Bretagne S, 1996. PCR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Clin Microbiol 34 :1831–1833.
-
14
Osman OF, Oskam L, Zijlstra EE, Kroon NCM, Schoone GJ, Khalil ETAG, El-Hassan AM, Kager PA, 1997. Evaluation of PCR for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 35 :2454–2457.
-
15
Fisa R, Riera C, Ribera E, Gállego M, Portús M, 2002. A nested polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis and follow-up of human visceral leishmaniasis patients using blood samples. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 (Suppl 1):S191–S194.
-
16
Cruz I, Canavate C, Rubio JM, Morales MA, Chicharro C, Laguna F, Jimenez-Mejias M, Sirera G, Videla S, Alvar J, Spanish HIV-Leishmania Study Group, 2002. A nested polymerase chain reaction (Ln-PCR) for diagnosing and monitoring Leishmania infantum infection in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 (Suppl 1):S185–S189.
-
17
Lemesre JL, Rizvi F, Santoro F, Loyens M, Sadigursky M, Capron A, 1988. Autorrégulation de la croissance in vitro des Trypanosomatidae. C R Acad Sci III 307 :283–288.
-
18
Le Fichoux Y, Quaranta JF, Aufeuvre JP, Lelievre A, Marty P, Suffia I, Rousseau D, Kubar J, 1999. Occurrence of Leishmania infantum parasitemia in asymptomatic blood donors living in an area of endemicity in southern France. J Clin Microbiol 37 :1953–1957.
-
19
Riera C, Fisa R, Udina M, Gállego M, Portús M, 2004. Detection of Leishmania infantum cryptic infection in asymptomatic blood donors living in an endemic area (Eivissa, Balearic Islands, Spain) by different diagnostic methods. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 98 :102–110.
-
20
Pizzuto M, Piazza M, Senese D, Scalamogna C, Calattini S, Corsico L, Persico T, Adriani B, Magni C, Guaraldi G, Gaiera G, Ludovisi A, Gramiccia M, Galli M, Moroni M, Corbellino M, Antinori S, 2001. Role of PCR in diagnosis and prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Clin Microbiol 39 :357–361.
-
21
Bossolasco S, Gaiera G, Olchini D, Gulletta M, Martello L, Bestetti A, Bossi L, Germagnoli L, Lazzarin A, Uberti-Foppa C, Cinque P, 2003. Real-time PCR assay for clinical management of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with visceral leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 41 :5080–5084.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 269 | 250 | 21 |
| Full Text Views | 279 | 2 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 37 | 2 | 0 |