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-
1
Shope RE, 1999. Other Flavivirus Infections. Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF, eds. Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens, and Practice. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 1275–1279.
-
2
Solomon T, Dung NM, Kneen R, Gainsborough M, Vaughn DW, Khanh VT, 2000. Japanese encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 68 :405–415.
-
3
Benenson MW, Top FH, Gresso W, Ames CW, Altstatt LB, 1975. The virulence to man of Japanese encephalitis virus in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24 :974–980.
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4
Whitley RJ, Gnann JW, 2002. Viral encephalitis: familiar infections and emerging pathogens. Lancet 359 :507–514.
-
5
Murgod UA, Muthane UB, Ravi V, Radhesh S, Desai A, 2001. Persistent movement disorders following Japanese encephalitis. Neurology 57 :2313–2315.
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6
Misra UK, Kalita J, 2001. Seizures in Japanese encephalitis. J Neurol Sci 190 :57–60.
-
7
Burke DS, Nisalak A, Ussery MA, Laorakpongse T, Chantavibul S, 1985. Kinetics of Japanese encephalitis virus immunoglobulin M and G antibodies in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Infect Dis 151 :1093–1099.
-
8
Innis BL, Nisalak A, Nimmannitya S, Kusalerdchariya S, Chongswasdi V, Suntayakorn S, Puttisri P, Hoke CH, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to characterize dengue infections where dengue and Japanese encephalitis co-circulate. Am J Trop Med Hyg 40 :418–427.
-
9
Strickman D, Sithiprasasna R, Kittayapong P, Innis BL, 2000. Distribution of dengue and Japanese encephalitis among children in rural and suburban Thai villages. Am J Trop Med Hyg 63 :27–35.
-
10
Zaki AM, 1997. Isolation of a flavivirus related to the tick-borne encephalitis complex from human cases in Saudi Arabia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :179–181.
-
11
Wolfe MS, Calisher CH, McGuire K, 1982. Spondweni virus infection in a foreign resident of Upper Volta. Lancet 2 :1306–1308.
-
12
Asnis DS, Conetta R, Waldman G, Teixeira AA, 2001. The West Nile virus encephalitis outbreak in the United States (1999–2000): from Flushing, New York, to beyond its borders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :161–171.
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13
Grossman RA, Edelman R, Willhight M, Pantuwatana S, Udomsakdi S, 1973. Study of Japanese encephalitis virus in Chiangmai Valley, Thailand. III. Human seroepidemiology and inapparent infections. Am J Epidemiol 98 :133–149.
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ACUTE UNDIFFERENTIATED FEVER CAUSED BY INFECTION WITH JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS
GEORGE WATT
GEORGE WATT
Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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KRISADA JONGSAKUL
KRISADA JONGSAKUL
Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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To determine the proportion of acute undifferentiated fevers without neurologic deficits related to infection with Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, flavivirus serology (dengue and JE) was performed in a cohort of 156 adults presenting to a hospital in Chiangrai, Thailand. Recent flavivirus infection was diagnosed for any individual with an IgM result > 40 units. A ratio of dengue virus IgM to JE virus IgM < 0.91 defined a JE virus infection. Diagnostic criteria for Japanese encephalitis were met in 22 individuals (14%), and were unequivocal in 8 patients. The admission findings in these eight subjects were similar to those described for other flavivirus infections. Thrombocytopenia was the most striking laboratory abnormality (median platelet count = 119,000/mm3, range = 44,000–236,000/mm3). Headache (75%), nausea (50%), myalgia (38%), rash (38%), and diarrhea (25%) were the most frequently encountered signs and symptoms. Infection with Japanese encephalitis virus is an underappreciated cause of acute undifferentiated fever in Asia.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Shope RE, 1999. Other Flavivirus Infections. Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF, eds. Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens, and Practice. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 1275–1279.
-
2
Solomon T, Dung NM, Kneen R, Gainsborough M, Vaughn DW, Khanh VT, 2000. Japanese encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 68 :405–415.
-
3
Benenson MW, Top FH, Gresso W, Ames CW, Altstatt LB, 1975. The virulence to man of Japanese encephalitis virus in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24 :974–980.
-
4
Whitley RJ, Gnann JW, 2002. Viral encephalitis: familiar infections and emerging pathogens. Lancet 359 :507–514.
-
5
Murgod UA, Muthane UB, Ravi V, Radhesh S, Desai A, 2001. Persistent movement disorders following Japanese encephalitis. Neurology 57 :2313–2315.
-
6
Misra UK, Kalita J, 2001. Seizures in Japanese encephalitis. J Neurol Sci 190 :57–60.
-
7
Burke DS, Nisalak A, Ussery MA, Laorakpongse T, Chantavibul S, 1985. Kinetics of Japanese encephalitis virus immunoglobulin M and G antibodies in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Infect Dis 151 :1093–1099.
-
8
Innis BL, Nisalak A, Nimmannitya S, Kusalerdchariya S, Chongswasdi V, Suntayakorn S, Puttisri P, Hoke CH, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to characterize dengue infections where dengue and Japanese encephalitis co-circulate. Am J Trop Med Hyg 40 :418–427.
-
9
Strickman D, Sithiprasasna R, Kittayapong P, Innis BL, 2000. Distribution of dengue and Japanese encephalitis among children in rural and suburban Thai villages. Am J Trop Med Hyg 63 :27–35.
-
10
Zaki AM, 1997. Isolation of a flavivirus related to the tick-borne encephalitis complex from human cases in Saudi Arabia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :179–181.
-
11
Wolfe MS, Calisher CH, McGuire K, 1982. Spondweni virus infection in a foreign resident of Upper Volta. Lancet 2 :1306–1308.
-
12
Asnis DS, Conetta R, Waldman G, Teixeira AA, 2001. The West Nile virus encephalitis outbreak in the United States (1999–2000): from Flushing, New York, to beyond its borders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :161–171.
-
13
Grossman RA, Edelman R, Willhight M, Pantuwatana S, Udomsakdi S, 1973. Study of Japanese encephalitis virus in Chiangmai Valley, Thailand. III. Human seroepidemiology and inapparent infections. Am J Epidemiol 98 :133–149.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 101 | 69 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 292 | 2 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 80 | 2 | 0 |