ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
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Melin P, Efstratiou A, 2013. Group B streptococcal epidemiology and vaccine needs in developed countries. Vaccine 31: D31–D42.
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Florindo C et al., 2014. Epidemiological surveillance of colonising group B Streptococcus epidemiology in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley regions, Portugal (2005 to 2012): emergence of a new epidemic type IV/clonal complex 17 clone. Euro Surveill 19: 20825.
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Fabbrini M et al., 2016. The protective value of maternal group B Streptococcus antibodies: quantitative and functional analysis of naturally acquired responses to capsular polysaccharides and pilus proteins in European maternal sera. Clin Infect Dis 63: 746–753.
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Karunakaran R, Raja NS, Hafeez A, Puthucheary SD, 2009. Group B Streptococcus infection: epidemiology, serotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of selected isolates in the population beyond infancy (excluding females with genital tract- and pregnancy-related isolates) at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. Jpn J Infect Dis 62: 192–194.
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Serotyping and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Invasive Streptococcus agalactiae in Egyptian Patients with or without Diabetes Mellitus
Abd-ElAleem A. El-Gendy
Abd-ElAleem A. El-Gendy
Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt;
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Sawsan El Tayeb Hassan
Sawsan El Tayeb Hassan
Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt;
Al Borg Laboratory, Cairo, Egypt;
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Al Borg Laboratory, Cairo, Egypt;
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Bob Gertz
Bob Gertz
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Beal Bernard
Beal Bernard
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Mohamed Meligy Ahmed
Mohamed Meligy Ahmed
Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt;
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Hassan Ahmed Elzohry
Hassan Ahmed Elzohry
Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt;
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Ghada Abd El Tawab
Ghada Abd El Tawab
Al Borg Laboratory, Cairo, Egypt;
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Mohamed El-Tonsy El-Sayed
Mohamed El-Tonsy El-Sayed
Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt;
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Shimaa Y. Kamel
Shimaa Y. Kamel
Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, AinShams University, Cairo, Egypt;
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Hazem Zakaria
Hazem Zakaria
Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt;
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Aya Mohammed Mahros
Aya Mohammed Mahros
Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt;
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Mohammed Hussien Ahmed
Mohammed Hussien Ahmed
Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt;
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Marwa Ali Tahoon
Marwa Ali Tahoon
Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt;
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Mohamed A. Sakr
Mohamed A. Sakr
Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez, Egypt;
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Abdelnaser Abdel-Atty Gadallah
Abdelnaser Abdel-Atty Gadallah
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt;
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Fatma Eldesoky Ahmed
Fatma Eldesoky Ahmed
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
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Mohamed Fathey Elgazzar
Mohamed Fathey Elgazzar
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ABSTRACT.
Streptococcus agalactiae serotype distribution and its antibiotic susceptibility affect disease prevention strategies, but the serotype distribution varies among patient groups. The objectives of this study were to establish the group B Streptococcus (GBS) serotype distribution in patients from Egypt and to assess antibiotic sensitivity of invasive GBS isolates. A total of 490 patients participated in this multicenter study; 160 had urinary tract infection, 115 complained of diabetic foot ulcers, 125 men had genital tract infections, and 30 women females had genital tract infections. Others had bronchopneumonia, otitis media, synovitis, or meningitis. Serotyping of the isolated GBS was performed at the CDC in the United States. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns were determined using the disk diffusion method. In men, the most common serotypes were II, III, and V, whereas types Ia, II, III, and V were isolated from women. Macrolides (erythromycin) resistance occurred in 4.1% of the isolates; 10.2% were resistant to both clindamycin and inducible resistance of macrolides, lincomycin, and streptogramin; 17.3% were resistant to quinolones; and 95.9% were resistant to tetracyclines. GBS primarily infected the urinary tract, skin, soft tissue, and genital tract in both genders. Isolates were sensitive to beta-lactam drugs, vancomycin, and linezolid; 14.0% were resistant to macrolides with or without clindamycin. Only 6.0% of the strains were sensitive to tetracyclines. Although GBS causes invasive infections in Egyptian adults, it rarely causes neonatal meningitis or sepsis. Future studies should determine whether GBS isolates are transmitted sexually, by performing a follow-up study of the partner of the infected patient.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: addresses: Abd-ElAleem A. El-Gendy and Mohamed El-Tonsy El-Sayed, Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, E-mail: abdelaleemelgendy2000@gmail.com. Sawsan El Tayeb Hassan, Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, and Al Borg Laboratory, Cairo, Egypt. Bob Gertz and Beal Bernard, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Mohamed Meligy Ahmed, Hassan Ahmed Elzohry, and Mohamed Fathey Elgazzar, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt, E-mails: mmelegy2013@gmail.com and elzohry2002@yahoo.com. Ghada Abd El Tawab, Al Borg Laboratory, Egypt, E-mail: elgazzar_mohamed@yahoo.com. Shimaa Y. Kamel, Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, AinShams University, Cairo, Egypt, E-mail: shimaayoussif81@gmail.com. Hazem Zakaria, Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt, E-mail: hazemlasheenn@yahoo.com. Aya Mohammed Mahros and Mohammed Hussien Ahmed, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt, E-mails: yoye_85@hotmail.com and dr.mm63@yahoo.com. Marwa Ali Tahoon, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt, E-mail: marwa.123ali@yahoo.com. Mohamed A. Sakr, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez, Egypt, E-mail: msakr.md@gmail.com. Abdelnaser Abdel-Atty Gadallah, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt, E-mail: ahmed_naser2004@yahoo.com. Fatma Eldesoky Ahmed, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt, E-mail: fatma.shehata@med.menofia.edu.eg.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Raabe VN, Shane AL, Group B, 2019. Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae). Microbiol Spectr 7: 7–18.
-
2.
Björnsdóttir ES et al., 2016. Changing epidemiology of group B streptococcal infections among adults in Iceland: 1975–2014. Clin Microbiol Infect 22: 379.e9–379.e16.
-
3.
Lee CC, Hsu JF, Janapatla RP, Chen C, Zhou YL, Lien R, Chiu CH, 2019. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of group B Streptococcus from pregnant women and diseased infants in intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis era in Taiwan. Sci Rep 9: 13525.
-
4.
Gizachew M, Tiruneh M, Moges F, Tessema B, 2019. Streptococcus agalactiae maternal colonization, antibiotic resistance and serotype profile in Africa: a metanalysis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 18: 14.
-
5.
Batista RP, Ferreira CR, 2015. Streptococcus agalactiae septicemia in a patient with diabetes. Autops Case Rep 5: 35–43.
-
6.
Kwatra G, Adrian PV, Shiri T, Buchmann EJ, Cutland CL, Madhi SA, 2015. Natural acquired humoral immunity against serotype-specific group B Streptococcus rectovaginal colonization acquisition in pregnant women. Clin Microbiol Infect 21: 568.e13–e568.e21.
-
7.
Medugu N et al., 2017. Group B streptococcal colonization and transmission dynamics in pregnant women and their newborns in Nigeria: implications for prevention strategies. Clin Microbiol Infect 23: 673.e9–673.e16.
-
8.
Metcalf BJ et al., 2017. Short-read whole genome sequencing for determination of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and capsular serotypes of current invasive Streptococcus agalactiae recovered in the USA. Clin Microbiol Infect 23: 574.e7–574.e14.
-
9.
American Diabetes Association , 2019. Standard of medical care in diabetes 2019. Diabetes Care 42: S4–S6.
-
10.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute , 2015. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Twenty-fifth Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S25, vol. 35. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
-
11.
Teatero S, Ferrieri P, Martin I, Demczuk W, McGeer A, Fittipaldi N, 2017. Serotype distribution, population structure, and antimicrobial resistance of group B Streptococcus strains recovered from colonized pregnant women. J Clin Microbiol 55: 412–422.
-
12.
Slotved HC, Kong F, Lambertsen L, Sauer S, Gilbert GL, 2007. Serotype IX, a proposed new Streptococcus agalactiae serotype. J Clin Microbiol 45: 2929–2936.
-
13.
Yao K, Poulsen K, Maione D, Rinaudo CD, Baldassarri L, Telford JL, Sorensen UB, Kilian M, 2013. Capsular gene typing of Streptococcus agalactiae compared to serotyping by latex agglutination. J Clin Microbiol 51: 503–507.
-
14.
Shabayek S, Abdalla S, Abouzeid AM, 2014. Serotype and surface protein gene distribution of colonizing group B Streptococcus in women in Egypt. Epidemiol Infect 142: 208–210.
-
15.
Boswihi SS, Udo EE, Al-Sweih N, 2012. Serotypes and antibiotic resistance in group B Streptococcus isolated from patients at the Maternity Hospital, Kuwait. J Med Microbiol 61: 126–131.
-
16.
Ippolito DL et al., 2010. Group B Streptococcus serotype prevalence in reproductive-age women at a tertiary care military medical center relative to global serotype distribution. BMC Infect Dis 10: 336.
-
17.
Lamagni TL et al., 2013. Emerging trends in the epidemiology of invasive group B streptococcal disease in England and Wales, 1991–2010. Clin Infect Dis 57: 682–688.
-
18.
Melin P, Efstratiou A, 2013. Group B streptococcal epidemiology and vaccine needs in developed countries. Vaccine 31: D31–D42.
-
19.
Florindo C et al., 2014. Epidemiological surveillance of colonising group B Streptococcus epidemiology in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley regions, Portugal (2005 to 2012): emergence of a new epidemic type IV/clonal complex 17 clone. Euro Surveill 19: 20825.
-
20.
Fabbrini M et al., 2016. The protective value of maternal group B Streptococcus antibodies: quantitative and functional analysis of naturally acquired responses to capsular polysaccharides and pilus proteins in European maternal sera. Clin Infect Dis 63: 746–753.
-
21.
Karunakaran R, Raja NS, Hafeez A, Puthucheary SD, 2009. Group B Streptococcus infection: epidemiology, serotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of selected isolates in the population beyond infancy (excluding females with genital tract- and pregnancy-related isolates) at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. Jpn J Infect Dis 62: 192–194.
-
22.
Dhanoa A, Karunakaran R, Puthucheary SD, 2010. Serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of group B streptococci in pregnant women. Epidemiol Infect 138: 979–981.
-
23.
Belard S et al., 2015. Streptococcus agalactiae serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in pregnant women in Gabon, Central Africa. Sci Rep 5: 17281.
-
24.
Le Doare K, Jarju S, Darboe S, Warburton F, Gorringe A, Heath PT, Kampmann B, 2016. Risk factors for group B Streptococcus colonisation and disease in Gambian women and their infants. J Infect 72: 283–294.
-
25.
Tsai M, Hsu JF, Lai MY, Lin LC, Chu SM, Huang HR, Fu MR, Lu JJ, 2019. Molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of group B Streptococcus strains causing invasive disease in neonates and adults. Front Microbiol 10: 264.
-
26.
Matsubara K, Katayama K, Baba K, Nigami H, Harigaya H, Sugiyama M, 2002. Seroepidemiologic studies of serotype VIII group B Streptococcus. Jpn J Infect Dis 186: 855–858.
-
27.
Lin HC et al., 2016. Clonal dissemination of invasive and colonizing clonal complex 1 of serotype VI group B Streptococcus in central Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 49: 902–909.
-
28.
Ji W et al., 2017. Colonization prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of group B Streptococcus in pregnant women over a 6-year period in Dongguan, China. PLoS One 12: e0183083.
-
29.
Lu B, Li D, Cui Y, Sui W, Huang L, Lu X, 2014. Epidemiology of group B Streptococcus isolated from pregnant women in Beijing, China. Clin Microbiol Infect 20: O370–O373.
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