ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Singh OP, Hasker E, Boelaert M, Sundar S, 2016. Elimination of visceral leishmaniasis on the Indian subcontinent. Lancet Infect Dis 16: e304–e309.
-
2.
Sundar S, Singh A, 2018. Chemotherapeutics of visceral leishmaniasis: present and future developments. Parasitology 145: 481–489.
-
3.
Thakur C, 2001. A single high dose treatment of kala-azar with AmBisome (amphotericin B lipid complex): a pilot study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 17: 67–70.
-
4.
Sundar S, Jha T, Thakur C, Mishra M, Singh V, Buffels R, 2002. Low-dose liposomal amphotericin B in refractory Indian visceral leishmaniasis: a multicenter study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 143–146.
-
5.
Sundar S, Jha T, Thakur C, Mishra M, Singh V, Buffels R, 2003. Single-dose liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in India: a multicenter study. Clin Infect Dis 37: 800–804.
-
6.
Sundar S, Chakravarty J, Agarwal D, Rai M, Murray HW, 2010. Single-dose liposomal amphotericin B for visceral leishmaniasis in India. N Engl J Med 362: 504–512.
-
7.
Sundar S, Pandey K, Thakur CP, Jha TK, Das VNR, Verma N, Lal CS, Verma D, Alam S, Das P, 2014. Efficacy and safety of amphotericin B emulsion versus liposomal formulation in Indian patients with visceral leishmaniasis: a randomized, open-label study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3169.
-
8.
Sinha PK, Roddy P, Palma PP, Kociejowski A, Lima MA, Das VNR, Gupta J, Kumar N, Mitra G, Saint-Sauveur JF, 2010. Effectiveness and safety of liposomal amphotericin B for visceral leishmaniasis under routine program conditions in Bihar, India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 357–364.
-
9.
WHO, 2010. Control of the leishmaniasis. Report of a Meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_ TRS_949_eng.pdf. Accessed June 29, 2011.
-
10.
WHO, 2009. Regional Technical Advisory Group on Kala-azar elimination. Report of the 3rd Meeting. Dhaka; Bangladesh: 2009: World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/206200. Accessed January 31, 2018.
-
11.
NCI, 2002. Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program Common Toxicity Criteria. Rockville, MD: National Cancer Institute.
-
12.
Burza S, Sinha PK, Mahajan R, Lima MA, Mitra G, Verma N, Balasegaram M, Das P, 2014. Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis relapse in immunocompetent patients following treatment with 20 mg/kg liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in Bihar, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2536.
-
13.
Burza S, Sinha PK, Mahajan R, Lima MA, Mitra G, Verma N, Balasegaram M, Das P, 2014. Five-year field results and long-term effectiveness of 20 mg/kg liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) for visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2603.
-
14.
Rijal S, Ostyn B, Uranw S, Rai K, Bhattarai NR, Dorlo TP, Beijnen JH, Vanaerschot M, Decuypere S, Dhakal SS, 2013. Increasing failure of miltefosine in the treatment of kala-azar in Nepal and the potential role of parasite drug resistance, reinfection, or noncompliance. Clin Infect Dis 56: 1530–1538.
-
15.
Goyal V et al. 2018. Field safety and effectiveness of new visceral leishmaniasis treatment regimens within public health facilities in Bihar, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0006830.
-
16.
Mondal D, Alvar J, Hasnain MG, Hossain MS, Ghosh D, Huda MM, Nabi SG, Sundar S, Matlashewski G, Arana B, 2014. Efficacy and safety of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B for visceral leishmaniasis in a rural public hospital in Bangladesh: a feasibility study. Lancet Glob Health 2: e51–e57.
-
17.
Lucero E, Collin SM, Gomes S, Akter F, Asad A, Das AK, Ritmeijer K, 2015. Effectiveness and safety of short course liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) as first line treatment for visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003699.
-
18.
Sundar S, Chakravarty J, 2015. An update on pharmacotherapy for leishmaniasis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 16: 237–252.
-
19.
Sundar S, Jha T, Thakur C, Engel J, Sindermann H, Fischer C, Junge K, Bryceson A, Berman J, 2002. Oral miltefosine for Indian visceral leishmaniasis. N Engl J Med 347: 1739–1746.
-
20.
Sundar S, Singh A, Rai M, Prajapati VK, Singh AK, Ostyn B, Boelaert M, Dujardin J-C, Chakravarty J, 2012. Efficacy of miltefosine in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in India after a decade of use. Clin Infect Dis 55: 543–550.
-
21.
Gorski S, Collin SM, Ritmeijer K, Keus K, Gatluak F, Mueller M, Davidson RN, 2010. Visceral leishmaniasis relapse in southern Sudan (1999–2007): a retrospective study of risk factors and trends. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e705.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 322 | 252 | 25 |
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Effectiveness of Single-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B in Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bihar
Shyam Sundar
Shyam Sundar
Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India;
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Anup Singh
Anup Singh
Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India;
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Neha Agrawal
Neha Agrawal
Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Jaya Chakravarty
Jaya Chakravarty
Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India;
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Liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) is recommended for treatment of Indian visceral leishmaniasis (VL), with a cure rate of more than 95% in the Indian subcontinent. A prospective observational study of 1,143 subjects was performed with a longer follow-up than prior studies (12 months) to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of LAmB for the treatment of VL. Patients received a single dose of 10 mg/kg LAmB and were evaluated for initial cure at day 30 and final cure at 6 and 12 months to see the response to the therapy. Furthermore, predictors of relapse were also calculated. At day 30, the initial cure rate was 100%; however, at 6 months and 12 months, cure rates were 97.0% and 94.2% by per-protocol analysis and 96.9% and 93.9% by intension-to-treat analysis, respectively. Fever was the most common adverse event (AE). There were no deaths and serious AEs. Male gender, weight less than 30 kg, and spleen size more than 4 cm at the start of the treatment were significant risk factors of relapse. Liposomal amphotericin B was found to be very effective and safe in the treatment of VL. A longer follow-up period of 12 months is recommended to pick up late relapses.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Shyam Sundar, Anup Singh, and Jaya Chakravarty, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, E-mails: drshyamsundar@hotmail.com, dranupbhu@gmail.com, and tapadar@gmail.com. Neha Agrawal, Temple Univrsity, Philadelphia, PA, E-mail: agrawal.neha84@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Singh OP, Hasker E, Boelaert M, Sundar S, 2016. Elimination of visceral leishmaniasis on the Indian subcontinent. Lancet Infect Dis 16: e304–e309.
-
2.
Sundar S, Singh A, 2018. Chemotherapeutics of visceral leishmaniasis: present and future developments. Parasitology 145: 481–489.
-
3.
Thakur C, 2001. A single high dose treatment of kala-azar with AmBisome (amphotericin B lipid complex): a pilot study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 17: 67–70.
-
4.
Sundar S, Jha T, Thakur C, Mishra M, Singh V, Buffels R, 2002. Low-dose liposomal amphotericin B in refractory Indian visceral leishmaniasis: a multicenter study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 143–146.
-
5.
Sundar S, Jha T, Thakur C, Mishra M, Singh V, Buffels R, 2003. Single-dose liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in India: a multicenter study. Clin Infect Dis 37: 800–804.
-
6.
Sundar S, Chakravarty J, Agarwal D, Rai M, Murray HW, 2010. Single-dose liposomal amphotericin B for visceral leishmaniasis in India. N Engl J Med 362: 504–512.
-
7.
Sundar S, Pandey K, Thakur CP, Jha TK, Das VNR, Verma N, Lal CS, Verma D, Alam S, Das P, 2014. Efficacy and safety of amphotericin B emulsion versus liposomal formulation in Indian patients with visceral leishmaniasis: a randomized, open-label study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3169.
-
8.
Sinha PK, Roddy P, Palma PP, Kociejowski A, Lima MA, Das VNR, Gupta J, Kumar N, Mitra G, Saint-Sauveur JF, 2010. Effectiveness and safety of liposomal amphotericin B for visceral leishmaniasis under routine program conditions in Bihar, India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 357–364.
-
9.
WHO, 2010. Control of the leishmaniasis. Report of a Meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_ TRS_949_eng.pdf. Accessed June 29, 2011.
-
10.
WHO, 2009. Regional Technical Advisory Group on Kala-azar elimination. Report of the 3rd Meeting. Dhaka; Bangladesh: 2009: World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/206200. Accessed January 31, 2018.
-
11.
NCI, 2002. Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program Common Toxicity Criteria. Rockville, MD: National Cancer Institute.
-
12.
Burza S, Sinha PK, Mahajan R, Lima MA, Mitra G, Verma N, Balasegaram M, Das P, 2014. Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis relapse in immunocompetent patients following treatment with 20 mg/kg liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in Bihar, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2536.
-
13.
Burza S, Sinha PK, Mahajan R, Lima MA, Mitra G, Verma N, Balasegaram M, Das P, 2014. Five-year field results and long-term effectiveness of 20 mg/kg liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) for visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2603.
-
14.
Rijal S, Ostyn B, Uranw S, Rai K, Bhattarai NR, Dorlo TP, Beijnen JH, Vanaerschot M, Decuypere S, Dhakal SS, 2013. Increasing failure of miltefosine in the treatment of kala-azar in Nepal and the potential role of parasite drug resistance, reinfection, or noncompliance. Clin Infect Dis 56: 1530–1538.
-
15.
Goyal V et al. 2018. Field safety and effectiveness of new visceral leishmaniasis treatment regimens within public health facilities in Bihar, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0006830.
-
16.
Mondal D, Alvar J, Hasnain MG, Hossain MS, Ghosh D, Huda MM, Nabi SG, Sundar S, Matlashewski G, Arana B, 2014. Efficacy and safety of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B for visceral leishmaniasis in a rural public hospital in Bangladesh: a feasibility study. Lancet Glob Health 2: e51–e57.
-
17.
Lucero E, Collin SM, Gomes S, Akter F, Asad A, Das AK, Ritmeijer K, 2015. Effectiveness and safety of short course liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) as first line treatment for visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003699.
-
18.
Sundar S, Chakravarty J, 2015. An update on pharmacotherapy for leishmaniasis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 16: 237–252.
-
19.
Sundar S, Jha T, Thakur C, Engel J, Sindermann H, Fischer C, Junge K, Bryceson A, Berman J, 2002. Oral miltefosine for Indian visceral leishmaniasis. N Engl J Med 347: 1739–1746.
-
20.
Sundar S, Singh A, Rai M, Prajapati VK, Singh AK, Ostyn B, Boelaert M, Dujardin J-C, Chakravarty J, 2012. Efficacy of miltefosine in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in India after a decade of use. Clin Infect Dis 55: 543–550.
-
21.
Gorski S, Collin SM, Ritmeijer K, Keus K, Gatluak F, Mueller M, Davidson RN, 2010. Visceral leishmaniasis relapse in southern Sudan (1999–2007): a retrospective study of risk factors and trends. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e705.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 322 | 252 | 25 |
| Full Text Views | 789 | 17 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 277 | 19 | 2 |