- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS
- Characteristics of human subjects from a VL–endemic area.
- Serum IGF-I and IGFBP3 levels in human subjects from the VL-endemic area and their correlation with laboratory parameters in the active VL group.
- Does low IGF-I levels associate with anemia?
- Serum cytokine levels and their correlation with IGF-I and IGFBP3 levels in human subjects from the VL-endemic area.
- Investigating a possible association between anemia and IGF-I levels in naturally infected dogs with VL.
- Hematological alterations in naturally infected dogs with VL.
- Bone marrow aspirate profile of VL dogs.
- Do low IGF-I levels correlate with anemia in VL dogs?
- High TNF-α and IFN-γ expression is observed in the bone marrow of dogs with moderate anemia but no correlation with IGF-I levels in the bone marrow/serum.
- DISCUSSION
- Supplementary Files
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Saporito L, Giammanco GM, De Grazia S, Colomba C, 2013. Visceral leishmaniasis: host-parasite interactions and clinical presentation in the immunocompetent and in the immunocompromised host. Int J Infect Dis 17: 572–576.
-
2.
Carvalho MDT, Alonso DP, Vendrame CMV, Costa DL, Costa CHN, Werneck GL, Ribolla PEM, Goto H, 2014. Lipoprotein lipase and PPAR alpha gene polymorphisms, increased very-low-density lipoprotein levels, and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels as risk markers for the development of visceral leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum. Mediators Inflamm 2014: 230129.
-
3.
Goto Y, Cheng J, Omachi S, Morimoto A, 2017. Prevalence, severity, and pathogeneses of anemia in visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 116: 457–464.
-
4.
Costa CHN, Werneck GL, Costa DL, Holanda TA, Aguiar GB, Carvalho AS, Cavalcanti JC, Santos LS, 2010. Is severe visceral leishmaniasis a systemic inflammatory response syndrome? A case control study. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 43: 386–392.
-
5.
Lafuse WP, Story R, Mahylis J, Gupta G, Varikuti S, Steinkamp H, Oghumu S, Satoskar AR, 2013. Leishmania donovani infection induces anemia in hamsters by differentially altering erythropoiesis in bone marrow and spleen. PLoS One 8: e59509.
-
6.
Cotterell SEJ, Engwerda CR, Kaye PM, 2000. Enhanced hematopoietic activity accompanies parasite expansion in the spleen and bone marrow of mice infected with Leishmania donovani. Infect Immun 68: 1840–1848.
-
7.
Pinto AI, Brown N, Preham O, Doehl JSP, Ashwin H, Kaye PM, 2017. TNF signalling drives expansion of bone marrow CD4+ T cells responsible for HSC exhaustion in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Pathog 13: e1006465.
-
8.
Zumkeller W, 2002. The insulin-like growth factor system in hematopoietic cells. Leuk Lymphoma 43: 487–491.
-
9.
O’Connor JC, McCusker RH, Strle K, Johnson RW, Dantzer R, Kelley KW, 2008. Regulation of IGF-I function by proinflammatory cytokines: at the interface of immunology and endocrinology. Cell Immunol 252: 91–110.
-
10.
Santos-Oliveira JR, Regis EG, LealCá CRB, Cunha RV, BozzaPatrí PT, Da-Cruz AM, 2011. Evidence that lipopolisaccharide may contribute to the cytokine storm and cellular activation in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1198.
-
11.
dos Santos PL et al. 2016. The severity of visceral leishmaniasis correlates with elevated levels of serum IL-6, IL-27 and sCD14. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004375.
-
12.
Arkins S, Rebeiz N, Brunke-Reese DL, Biragyn A, Kelley KW, 1995. Interferon-gamma inhibits macrophage insulin-like growth factor-I synthesis at the transcriptional level. Mol Endocrinol 9: 350–360.
-
13.
Fan J, Char D, 1995. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins by tumor necrosis factor. Am J Physiol 269: R1204–R1212.
-
14.
Askenasy N, 2015. Interferon and tumor necrosis factor as humoral mechanisms coupling hematopoietic activity to inflammation and injury. Blood Rev 29: 11–15.
-
15.
Braz RFS, Nascimento ET, Martins DRA, Wilson ME, Pearson RD, Reed SG, Jeronimo SMB, 2002. The sensitivity and specificity of Leishmania chagasi recombinant K39 antigen in the diagnosis of American visceral leishmaniasis and in differentiating active from subclinical infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 344–348.
-
16.
Hasegawa MY, Kohayagawa A, Brandão LP, Morgulis MSFa, Hagiwara MK, 2005. Evaluation of neutrophil oxidative metabolism in canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Vet Clin Pathol 34: 213–217.
-
17.
Messick J, 2010. Erithrocytes. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell.
-
18.
Harvey JW, Stevens A, Lowe JS, Scott I, 2012. Veterinary Hematology. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Inc.
-
19.
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD, 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−delta delta C(T)) method. Methods 25: 402–408.
-
20.
Elmlinger MW, Kühnel W, Weber MM, Ranke MB, 2004. Reference ranges for two automated chemiluminescent assays for serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). Clin Chem Lab Med 42: 654–664.
-
21.
Lopes AC, 2006. Tratado de Clínica médica, Vol. 3. São Paulo, Roca.
-
22.
Daneshbod Y, Dehghani SJ, Daneshbod K, 2010. Bone marrow aspiration findings in kala-azar. Acta Cytol 54: 12–24.
-
23.
Loría-Cervera EN, Andrade-Narváez FJ, 2014. Animal models for the study of leishmaniasis immunology. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 56: 1–11.
-
24.
Nicolato RDC et al. 2013. Clinical forms of canine visceral leishmaniasis in naturally Leishmania infantum-infected dogs and related myelogram and hemogram changes. PLoS One 8: e82947.
-
25.
Varma N, Naseem S, 2010. Hematologic changes in visceral leishmaniasis/kala azar. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 26: 78–82.
-
26.
Welniak LA, Karas M, Yakar S, Anver MR, Murphy WJ, LeRoith D, 2004. Effects of organ-specific loss of insulin-like growth factor-I production on murine hematopoiesis. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 10: 32–39.
-
27.
Savino W, Smaniotto S, Dardenne M, 2005. Hematopoiesis. Varela-Nieto I, Chowen JA, eds. The Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis During Development. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Vol. 567. Boston, MA: Springer.
-
28.
Succurro E, Arturi F, Caruso V, Rudi S, Sciacqua A, Andreozzi F, Hribal ML, Perticone F, Sesti G, 2011. Low insulin-like growth factor-1 levels are associated with anaemia in adult non-diabetic subjects. Thromb Haemost 105: 365–370.
-
29.
Ratajczak J, Zhang Q, Pertusini E, Wojczyk BS, Wasik MA, Ratajczak MZ, 1998. The role of insulin (INS) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in regulating human erythropoiesis. Studies in vitro under serum-free conditions—comparison to other cytokines and growth factors. Leukemia 12: 371–381.
-
30.
Miniero R, Altomare F, Rubino M, Matarazzo P, Montanari C, Petri A, Raiola G, Bona G, 2012. Effect of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on hemoglobin concentration in children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency-related anemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 34: 407–411.
-
31.
Choi JW, Kim SK, 2004. Association of serum insulin-like growth factor-I and erythropoiesis in relation to body iron status. Ann Clin Lab Sci 34: 324–328.
-
32.
Miljuš G, Malenković V, Nedić O, 2013. The importance of metal ions for the formation and isolation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3–transferrin (IGFBP-3–Tf) complexes, and the analysis of their physiological involvement. Metallomics 5: 251.
-
33.
Pinho FA, Magalhães NA, Silva KR, Carvalho AA, Oliveira FLL, Ramos-Sanchez EM, Goto H, Costa FAL, 2013. Divergence between hepatic insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I mRNA expression and IGF-I serum levels in Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi-infected dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 151: 163–167.
-
34.
Lemaire J, Mkannez G, Guerfali FZ, Gustin C, Attia H, Sghaier RM, Dellagi K, Laouini D, Renard P, Sysco-Consortium, 2013. MicroRNA expression profile in human macrophages in response to leishmania major infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2478.
-
35.
Marini MA, Mannino GC, Fiorentino TV, Andreozzi F, Perticone F, Sesti G, 2017. A polymorphism at IGF1 locus is associated with anemia. Oncotarget 8: 32398–32406.
-
36.
Koury MJ, 2014. Abnormal erythropoiesis and the pathophysiology of chronic anemia. Blood Rev 28: 49–66.
-
37.
Preham O, Pinho FA, Pinto AI, Rani GF, Brown N, Hitchcock IS, Goto H, Kaye PM, 2018. CD4+ T cells alter the stromal microenvironment and repress medullary erythropoiesis in murine visceral leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 9: 1–12.
-
38.
De Bruin AM, Voermans C, Nolte MA, 2014. Impact of interferon-γ on hematopoiesis. Blood 124: 2479–2486.
-
39.
Choi I, Muta K, Wickrema A, Krantz SB, Nishimura J, Nawata H, 2000. Interferon gamma delays apoptosis of mature erythroid progenitor cells in the absence of erythropoietin. Blood 95: 3742–3749.
-
40.
Grigorakaki C, Morceau F, Chateauvieux S, Dicato M, Diederich M, 2011. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated inhibition of erythropoiesis involves GATA-1/GATA-2 balance impairment and PU.1 over-expression. Biochem Pharmacol 82: 156–166.
-
41.
Schubert T, Echtenacher B, Hofstädter F, Männel DN, 2003. TNF-independent development of transient anemia of chronic disease in a mouse model of protracted septic peritonitis. Lab Invest 83: 1743–1750.
-
42.
Schubert TE, Echtenacher B, Hofstädter F, Männel DN, 2005. Failure of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor in mediating anemia of chronic disease in a mouse model of protracted septic peritonitis. Int J Mol Med 16: 753–758.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 706 | 667 | 249 |
| Full Text Views | 1003 | 14 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 148 | 12 | 1 |
Association between Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Levels and the Disease Progression and Anemia in Visceral Leishmaniasis
Flaviane Alves de Pinho
Flaviane Alves de Pinho
Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínica, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil;
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Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínica, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil;
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Célia Maria Vieira Vendrame
Célia Maria Vieira Vendrame
Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
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Bruna Leal Lima Maciel
Bruna Leal Lima Maciel
Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil;
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Lucilene dos Santos Silva
Lucilene dos Santos Silva
Setor de Patologia Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil;
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Samantha Ive Miyashiro
Samantha Ive Miyashiro
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
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Selma Maria Bezerra Jerônimo
Selma Maria Bezerra Jerônimo
Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências and Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil;
National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases, Natal, Brazil;
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National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases, Natal, Brazil;
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Hiro Goto
Hiro Goto
Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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We analyzed the association between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the pathogenesis of anemia during active visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and cytokines were measured in samples from individuals with active VL and cured VL, asymptomatic Leishmania-infected, and noninfected individuals. Then, we extended our analysis to VL dogs to evaluate hematimetric parameters, bone marrow alterations, and cytokine and IGF-I expression. We identified a positive correlation between lower IGF-I and IGFBP3 levels in active VL patients and lower hemoglobin levels. In infected dogs, there was a positive correlation between lower IGF-I expression in the bone marrow and lower peripheral blood hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. There was no correlation between decreased IGF-I level/expression and any measured cytokine serum levels in either host. The data suggest that low IGF-I expression is associated with pathogenesis of anemia in active VL, primarily in severe cases, by mechanisms other than alterations in cytokine production.
- Supplemental Materials (DOCX 22 KB)
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (fellowship 2010/16257-2 to F. A. P.), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (fellowship 1780-2007 to C. M. V. V.), Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (research fellowship to S. M. B. J. and H. G. and research grant 484499/2006), the Seropidemiology and Immunobiology Laboratory LIM/38 (HC-FMUSP), and National Institutes of Health (AI 030639).
Authors’ addresses: Flaviane Alves de Pinho, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, and Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, E-mail flaviane.alves@ufba.br. Célia Maria Vieira Vendrame, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, São Paulo da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, E-mail: vendramecelia@yahoo.com.br. Bruna Leal Lima Maciel, Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil, E-mail: brunalimamaciel@gmail.com, Lucilene dos Santos Silva, Setor de Patologia Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil, E-mail: vetluc@hotmail.com. Samantha Ive Miyashiro, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, E-mail samanthaive@yahoo.com. Selma Maria Bezerra Jerônimo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências and Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil, E-mail: smbj@cb.ufm.br. Hiro Goto, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, E-mail: hgoto@usp.br.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS
- Characteristics of human subjects from a VL–endemic area.
- Serum IGF-I and IGFBP3 levels in human subjects from the VL-endemic area and their correlation with laboratory parameters in the active VL group.
- Does low IGF-I levels associate with anemia?
- Serum cytokine levels and their correlation with IGF-I and IGFBP3 levels in human subjects from the VL-endemic area.
- Investigating a possible association between anemia and IGF-I levels in naturally infected dogs with VL.
- Hematological alterations in naturally infected dogs with VL.
- Bone marrow aspirate profile of VL dogs.
- Do low IGF-I levels correlate with anemia in VL dogs?
- High TNF-α and IFN-γ expression is observed in the bone marrow of dogs with moderate anemia but no correlation with IGF-I levels in the bone marrow/serum.
- DISCUSSION
- Supplementary Files
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Saporito L, Giammanco GM, De Grazia S, Colomba C, 2013. Visceral leishmaniasis: host-parasite interactions and clinical presentation in the immunocompetent and in the immunocompromised host. Int J Infect Dis 17: 572–576.
-
2.
Carvalho MDT, Alonso DP, Vendrame CMV, Costa DL, Costa CHN, Werneck GL, Ribolla PEM, Goto H, 2014. Lipoprotein lipase and PPAR alpha gene polymorphisms, increased very-low-density lipoprotein levels, and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels as risk markers for the development of visceral leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum. Mediators Inflamm 2014: 230129.
-
3.
Goto Y, Cheng J, Omachi S, Morimoto A, 2017. Prevalence, severity, and pathogeneses of anemia in visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 116: 457–464.
-
4.
Costa CHN, Werneck GL, Costa DL, Holanda TA, Aguiar GB, Carvalho AS, Cavalcanti JC, Santos LS, 2010. Is severe visceral leishmaniasis a systemic inflammatory response syndrome? A case control study. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 43: 386–392.
-
5.
Lafuse WP, Story R, Mahylis J, Gupta G, Varikuti S, Steinkamp H, Oghumu S, Satoskar AR, 2013. Leishmania donovani infection induces anemia in hamsters by differentially altering erythropoiesis in bone marrow and spleen. PLoS One 8: e59509.
-
6.
Cotterell SEJ, Engwerda CR, Kaye PM, 2000. Enhanced hematopoietic activity accompanies parasite expansion in the spleen and bone marrow of mice infected with Leishmania donovani. Infect Immun 68: 1840–1848.
-
7.
Pinto AI, Brown N, Preham O, Doehl JSP, Ashwin H, Kaye PM, 2017. TNF signalling drives expansion of bone marrow CD4+ T cells responsible for HSC exhaustion in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Pathog 13: e1006465.
-
8.
Zumkeller W, 2002. The insulin-like growth factor system in hematopoietic cells. Leuk Lymphoma 43: 487–491.
-
9.
O’Connor JC, McCusker RH, Strle K, Johnson RW, Dantzer R, Kelley KW, 2008. Regulation of IGF-I function by proinflammatory cytokines: at the interface of immunology and endocrinology. Cell Immunol 252: 91–110.
-
10.
Santos-Oliveira JR, Regis EG, LealCá CRB, Cunha RV, BozzaPatrí PT, Da-Cruz AM, 2011. Evidence that lipopolisaccharide may contribute to the cytokine storm and cellular activation in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1198.
-
11.
dos Santos PL et al. 2016. The severity of visceral leishmaniasis correlates with elevated levels of serum IL-6, IL-27 and sCD14. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004375.
-
12.
Arkins S, Rebeiz N, Brunke-Reese DL, Biragyn A, Kelley KW, 1995. Interferon-gamma inhibits macrophage insulin-like growth factor-I synthesis at the transcriptional level. Mol Endocrinol 9: 350–360.
-
13.
Fan J, Char D, 1995. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins by tumor necrosis factor. Am J Physiol 269: R1204–R1212.
-
14.
Askenasy N, 2015. Interferon and tumor necrosis factor as humoral mechanisms coupling hematopoietic activity to inflammation and injury. Blood Rev 29: 11–15.
-
15.
Braz RFS, Nascimento ET, Martins DRA, Wilson ME, Pearson RD, Reed SG, Jeronimo SMB, 2002. The sensitivity and specificity of Leishmania chagasi recombinant K39 antigen in the diagnosis of American visceral leishmaniasis and in differentiating active from subclinical infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 344–348.
-
16.
Hasegawa MY, Kohayagawa A, Brandão LP, Morgulis MSFa, Hagiwara MK, 2005. Evaluation of neutrophil oxidative metabolism in canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Vet Clin Pathol 34: 213–217.
-
17.
Messick J, 2010. Erithrocytes. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell.
-
18.
Harvey JW, Stevens A, Lowe JS, Scott I, 2012. Veterinary Hematology. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Inc.
-
19.
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD, 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−delta delta C(T)) method. Methods 25: 402–408.
-
20.
Elmlinger MW, Kühnel W, Weber MM, Ranke MB, 2004. Reference ranges for two automated chemiluminescent assays for serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). Clin Chem Lab Med 42: 654–664.
-
21.
Lopes AC, 2006. Tratado de Clínica médica, Vol. 3. São Paulo, Roca.
-
22.
Daneshbod Y, Dehghani SJ, Daneshbod K, 2010. Bone marrow aspiration findings in kala-azar. Acta Cytol 54: 12–24.
-
23.
Loría-Cervera EN, Andrade-Narváez FJ, 2014. Animal models for the study of leishmaniasis immunology. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 56: 1–11.
-
24.
Nicolato RDC et al. 2013. Clinical forms of canine visceral leishmaniasis in naturally Leishmania infantum-infected dogs and related myelogram and hemogram changes. PLoS One 8: e82947.
-
25.
Varma N, Naseem S, 2010. Hematologic changes in visceral leishmaniasis/kala azar. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 26: 78–82.
-
26.
Welniak LA, Karas M, Yakar S, Anver MR, Murphy WJ, LeRoith D, 2004. Effects of organ-specific loss of insulin-like growth factor-I production on murine hematopoiesis. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 10: 32–39.
-
27.
Savino W, Smaniotto S, Dardenne M, 2005. Hematopoiesis. Varela-Nieto I, Chowen JA, eds. The Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis During Development. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Vol. 567. Boston, MA: Springer.
-
28.
Succurro E, Arturi F, Caruso V, Rudi S, Sciacqua A, Andreozzi F, Hribal ML, Perticone F, Sesti G, 2011. Low insulin-like growth factor-1 levels are associated with anaemia in adult non-diabetic subjects. Thromb Haemost 105: 365–370.
-
29.
Ratajczak J, Zhang Q, Pertusini E, Wojczyk BS, Wasik MA, Ratajczak MZ, 1998. The role of insulin (INS) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in regulating human erythropoiesis. Studies in vitro under serum-free conditions—comparison to other cytokines and growth factors. Leukemia 12: 371–381.
-
30.
Miniero R, Altomare F, Rubino M, Matarazzo P, Montanari C, Petri A, Raiola G, Bona G, 2012. Effect of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on hemoglobin concentration in children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency-related anemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 34: 407–411.
-
31.
Choi JW, Kim SK, 2004. Association of serum insulin-like growth factor-I and erythropoiesis in relation to body iron status. Ann Clin Lab Sci 34: 324–328.
-
32.
Miljuš G, Malenković V, Nedić O, 2013. The importance of metal ions for the formation and isolation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3–transferrin (IGFBP-3–Tf) complexes, and the analysis of their physiological involvement. Metallomics 5: 251.
-
33.
Pinho FA, Magalhães NA, Silva KR, Carvalho AA, Oliveira FLL, Ramos-Sanchez EM, Goto H, Costa FAL, 2013. Divergence between hepatic insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I mRNA expression and IGF-I serum levels in Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi-infected dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 151: 163–167.
-
34.
Lemaire J, Mkannez G, Guerfali FZ, Gustin C, Attia H, Sghaier RM, Dellagi K, Laouini D, Renard P, Sysco-Consortium, 2013. MicroRNA expression profile in human macrophages in response to leishmania major infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2478.
-
35.
Marini MA, Mannino GC, Fiorentino TV, Andreozzi F, Perticone F, Sesti G, 2017. A polymorphism at IGF1 locus is associated with anemia. Oncotarget 8: 32398–32406.
-
36.
Koury MJ, 2014. Abnormal erythropoiesis and the pathophysiology of chronic anemia. Blood Rev 28: 49–66.
-
37.
Preham O, Pinho FA, Pinto AI, Rani GF, Brown N, Hitchcock IS, Goto H, Kaye PM, 2018. CD4+ T cells alter the stromal microenvironment and repress medullary erythropoiesis in murine visceral leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 9: 1–12.
-
38.
De Bruin AM, Voermans C, Nolte MA, 2014. Impact of interferon-γ on hematopoiesis. Blood 124: 2479–2486.
-
39.
Choi I, Muta K, Wickrema A, Krantz SB, Nishimura J, Nawata H, 2000. Interferon gamma delays apoptosis of mature erythroid progenitor cells in the absence of erythropoietin. Blood 95: 3742–3749.
-
40.
Grigorakaki C, Morceau F, Chateauvieux S, Dicato M, Diederich M, 2011. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated inhibition of erythropoiesis involves GATA-1/GATA-2 balance impairment and PU.1 over-expression. Biochem Pharmacol 82: 156–166.
-
41.
Schubert T, Echtenacher B, Hofstädter F, Männel DN, 2003. TNF-independent development of transient anemia of chronic disease in a mouse model of protracted septic peritonitis. Lab Invest 83: 1743–1750.
-
42.
Schubert TE, Echtenacher B, Hofstädter F, Männel DN, 2005. Failure of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor in mediating anemia of chronic disease in a mouse model of protracted septic peritonitis. Int J Mol Med 16: 753–758.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 706 | 667 | 249 |
| Full Text Views | 1003 | 14 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 148 | 12 | 1 |