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RefWorks
Reference Manager
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-
1.
Ergonul O, 2007. Clinical and pathologic features of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Ergonul O, Whitehouse CA, eds. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Global Perspective. First edition. Dordrecht: Springer, 207–220.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2001. Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever. Fact sheet No. 208. Revised November 2001. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs208/en. Accessed May 12, 2012.
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3.
Pasteur Institute of Iran, Laboratory of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Molecular Diagnosis of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus by Qualitative Real-Time RT-PCR. Available at: http://www.arbo-zoo.net/_data/Qualitative_RT_PC_CCHF.doc. Accessed May 12, 2012.
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4.
Kaya A, Engin A, Güven AS, Içağasioğlu FD, Cevit O, Elaldi N, Gültürk A, 2011. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever disease due to tick bite with very long incubation periods. Int J Infect Dis 15: e449–e452.
-
5.
Burney MI, Ghafoor A, Saleen M, Webb PA, Casals J, 1980. Nosocomial outbreak of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Crimean Hemorrhagic fever-Congo virus in Pakistan, January 1976. Am J Trop Med Hyg 29: 941–947.
-
6.
van de Wal BW, Joubert JR, van Eeden PJ, King JB, 1985. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital. Part IV. Preventive and prophylactic measures. S Afr Med J 68: 729–732.
-
7.
Altaf A, Luby S, Ahmed AJ, Zaidi N, Khan AJ, Mirza S, McCormick J, Fisher-Hoch S, 1998. Outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Quetta, Pakistan: contact tracing and risk assessment. Trop Med Int Health 3: 878–882.
-
8.
Athar MN, Khalid MA, Ahmad AM, Bashir N, Baqai HZ, Ahmad M, Balouch AH, Bashir K, 2005. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, February 2002: contact tracing and risk assessment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 471–473.
-
9.
Mardani M, Rahnavardi M, Rajaeinejad M, Naini KH, Chinikar S, Pourmalek F, Rostami M, Shahri MH, 2007. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever among health care workers in Iran: a seroprevalence study in two endemic regions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 443–445.
-
10.
Mardani M, Keshtkar-Jahromi M, Ataie B, Adibi P, 2009. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus as a nosocomial pathogen in Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 675–678.
-
11.
Naderi HR, Sarvghad MR, Bojdy A, Hadizadeh MR, Sadeghi R, Sheybani F, 2011. Nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Epidemiol Infect 139: 862–866.
-
12.
Harxhi A, Pilaca A, Delia Z, Pano K, Rezza G, 2005. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a case of nosocomial transmission. Infection 33: 295–296.
-
13.
Izadi S, Salehi M, Holakouie-Naieni K, Chinikar S, 2008. The risk of transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus from human cases to first-degree relatives. Jpn J Infect Dis 61: 494–496.
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Fatal Nosocomial Spread of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever with Very Short Incubation Period
HamidReza Naderi
HamidReza Naderi
Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Registered nurses, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
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Fereshte Sheybani
Fereshte Sheybani
Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Registered nurses, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
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Amin Bojdi
Amin Bojdi
Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Registered nurses, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
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Nasrin Khosravi
Nasrin Khosravi
Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Registered nurses, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
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Irandokht Mostafavi
Irandokht Mostafavi
Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Registered nurses, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne viral zoonosis with the potential of human-to-human transmission with case fatality rates from 3% to 50%. The incubation period depends on host, route of infection, and viral dose. Herein, we report a nosocomial spread of the disease in a hospital at Mashhad, northeastern Iran, with a very short incubation period for one of the secondary cases. The patient was a medical student who had a negligible contact with a Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patient during his admission to the hospital. The time interval between the contact and the onset of symptoms was merely 20 hours. Unfortunately, he died within 1 week of exposure.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: HamidReza Naderi, Fereshte Sheybani, Amin Bojdi, Nasrin Khosravi, and Irandokht Mostafavi, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran, E-mails: naderihr@mums.ac.ir, fereshtesheybani@gmail.com, bojdya@mums.ac.ir, KhosraviN3@mums.ac.ir, and MostafaviI1@mums.ac.ir.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Ergonul O, 2007. Clinical and pathologic features of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Ergonul O, Whitehouse CA, eds. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Global Perspective. First edition. Dordrecht: Springer, 207–220.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2001. Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever. Fact sheet No. 208. Revised November 2001. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs208/en. Accessed May 12, 2012.
-
3.
Pasteur Institute of Iran, Laboratory of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Molecular Diagnosis of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus by Qualitative Real-Time RT-PCR. Available at: http://www.arbo-zoo.net/_data/Qualitative_RT_PC_CCHF.doc. Accessed May 12, 2012.
-
4.
Kaya A, Engin A, Güven AS, Içağasioğlu FD, Cevit O, Elaldi N, Gültürk A, 2011. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever disease due to tick bite with very long incubation periods. Int J Infect Dis 15: e449–e452.
-
5.
Burney MI, Ghafoor A, Saleen M, Webb PA, Casals J, 1980. Nosocomial outbreak of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Crimean Hemorrhagic fever-Congo virus in Pakistan, January 1976. Am J Trop Med Hyg 29: 941–947.
-
6.
van de Wal BW, Joubert JR, van Eeden PJ, King JB, 1985. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital. Part IV. Preventive and prophylactic measures. S Afr Med J 68: 729–732.
-
7.
Altaf A, Luby S, Ahmed AJ, Zaidi N, Khan AJ, Mirza S, McCormick J, Fisher-Hoch S, 1998. Outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Quetta, Pakistan: contact tracing and risk assessment. Trop Med Int Health 3: 878–882.
-
8.
Athar MN, Khalid MA, Ahmad AM, Bashir N, Baqai HZ, Ahmad M, Balouch AH, Bashir K, 2005. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, February 2002: contact tracing and risk assessment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 471–473.
-
9.
Mardani M, Rahnavardi M, Rajaeinejad M, Naini KH, Chinikar S, Pourmalek F, Rostami M, Shahri MH, 2007. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever among health care workers in Iran: a seroprevalence study in two endemic regions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 443–445.
-
10.
Mardani M, Keshtkar-Jahromi M, Ataie B, Adibi P, 2009. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus as a nosocomial pathogen in Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 675–678.
-
11.
Naderi HR, Sarvghad MR, Bojdy A, Hadizadeh MR, Sadeghi R, Sheybani F, 2011. Nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Epidemiol Infect 139: 862–866.
-
12.
Harxhi A, Pilaca A, Delia Z, Pano K, Rezza G, 2005. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a case of nosocomial transmission. Infection 33: 295–296.
-
13.
Izadi S, Salehi M, Holakouie-Naieni K, Chinikar S, 2008. The risk of transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus from human cases to first-degree relatives. Jpn J Infect Dis 61: 494–496.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 201 | 151 | 18 |
| Full Text Views | 376 | 6 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 69 | 6 | 1 |