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Reference Manager
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-
1.
Hochedez P, Jaureguiberry S, Debruyne M, Bossi P, Hausfater P, Brucker G, Bricaire F, Caumes E, 2006. Chikungunya infection in travellers. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1565–1567.
-
2.
Lumsden WHR, 1995. An epidemic of virus disease in southern province, Tanganyika territory, in 1952–53: II. General description and epidemiology. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49: 33–57.
-
3.
Economopoulou A, Dominguez M, Helynck B, Sissoko D, Wichmann O, Quenel P, Germonneau P, Quatresous I, 2009. A typical chikungunya virus infections: clinical manifestations, mortality and risk factors for severe disease during the 2005–2006 outbreak on Reunion. Epidemiol Infect 137: 534–541.
-
4.
PAHO, 2015. Number of Reported Cases of Chikungunya Fever in the Americas—EW 13. Available at: http://www.paho.org/hq/. Accessed April 4, 2015.
-
5.
Carey DE, 1971. Chikungunya and dengue: a case of mistaken identity? J Hist Med Allied Sci 26: 243–262.
-
6.
Bundo K, Igarashi A, 1985. Antibody-capture ELISA for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies in sera from Japanese encephalitis and dengue hemorrhagic fever patients. J Virol Methods 11: 15–22.
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7.
Inoue S, Alonzo MT, Kurosawa Y, Mapua CA, Reyes JD, Dimaano EM, Alera MT, Saito M, Oishi K, Hasebe F, Matias RR, Natividad FF, Morita K, 2010. Evaluation of a dengue IgG indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a Japanese encephalitis IgG indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of secondary dengue virus infection. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 143–150.
-
8.
Ngwe Tun MM, Thant KZ, Inoue S, Nabeshima T, Aoki K, Kyaw AK, Myint T, Tar T, Maung KT, Hayasaka D, Morita K, 2010. Detection of East Central South African genotype of chikungunya virus in Myanmar, 2010. Emerg Infect Dis 20: 1378–1381.
-
9.
Chahar HS, Bharai P, Dar L, Guleria R, Kabra SK, Broor S, 2009. Co-infection with chikungunya virus and dengue virus in Delhi, India. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 1077–1080.
-
10.
Caron M, Paupy C, Grard G, Becquart P, Mombo I, Nso BB, Kassa Kassa F, Nkoghe D, Leroy EM, 2012. Recent introduction and rapid dissemination of chikungunya virus and dengue virus serotype 2 associated with human and mosquito coinfections in Gabon, central Africa. Clin Infect Dis 55: e45–e53.
-
11.
Kularatne SA, Gihan MC, Weerasinghe SC, Gunasena S, 2009. Concurrent outbreaks of chikungunya and dengue fever in Kandy, Sri Lanka, 2006–07: a comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory features. Postgrad Med J 85: 342–346.
-
12.
Chang SF, Su C, Shu PY, Yang CF, Liao TL, Cheng CH, Hu HC, Huang JH, 2010. Concurrent isolation of chikungunya virus and dengue virus from a patient with co-infection resulting from a trip to Singapore. J Clin Microbiol 48: 4586–4589.
-
13.
Pun SB, Bastola A, Shah R, 2014. Case report: first report of chikungunya virus in Nepal. J Infect Dev Ctries 8: 790–792.
-
14.
Dhimal M, Gautam I, Kreß A, Müller R, Kuch U, 2014. Spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in central Nepal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3035.
-
15.
Powers AM, Loque CH, 2007. Changing patterns of chikungunya virus-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus. J Gen Virol 88: 2363–2377.
-
16.
Singh SS, Manimunda SP, Sugunan AP, Sahina Vijayachari P, 2008. Four cases of acute flaccid paralysis associated with chikungunya virus infection. Epidemiol Infect 136: 1277–1280.
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17.
Kumar JC, Vivek Y, Sudhindra P, Dhananjaya B, Kumar AT, Guru K, Kumar A, Heqde MB, 2010. Oral candidiasis in chikungunya viral fever: a case report. Cases J 3: 6.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 483 | 431 | 66 |
| Full Text Views | 443 | 6 | 0 |
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Detection of Chikungunya Virus in Nepal
Basu Dev Pandey
Basu Dev Pandey
Leprosy Control Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal; Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Biswas Neupane
Biswas Neupane
Leprosy Control Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal; Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Kishor Pandey
Kishor Pandey
Leprosy Control Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal; Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
Leprosy Control Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal; Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Kouichi Morita
Kouichi Morita
Leprosy Control Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal; Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging alphaviral disease and a public health problem in South Asia including Nepal in recent years. In this study, sera were collected from patients presenting with fever, headache, muscular pain, fatigue, and joint pain of both upper and lower extremities. A total of 169 serum samples were tested for CHIKV and dengue virus (DENV) by using Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method during August to November 2013. Results showed that 3.6% and 27.8% samples were positive for CHIKV and DENV IgM positive, respectively. Similarly, results of IgG showed 3.0% samples were positive for CHIKV IgG and 29.0% were for DENV IgG positive. Further, a 50% focal reduction neutralization test (FRNT50) was performed to confirm the presence of CHIKV, which demonstrated that 8.9% of CHIKV IgM and/or IgG ELISA positive possessed neutralizing anti-CHIK antibodies. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which the presence of CHIKV is confirmed in Nepalese patients by FRNT50. Basic scientists and clinicians need to consider CHIKV as a differential diagnosis in febrile Nepalese patients, and policy makers should consider appropriate surveillance and actions for control strategies.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Basu Dev Pandey, Leprosy Control Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal, E-mail: drbasupandey@gmail.com. Biswas Neupane and Kishor Pandey, Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Virology, Kathmandu, Nepal, E-mails: biswasneupane11@gmail.com and pandey_kishor@hotmail.com. Mya Myat Ngwe Tun and Kouichi Morita, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Virology, Nagasaki, Japan, E-mails: myamyat@tm.nagasaki-u.ac.jp and moritak@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Hochedez P, Jaureguiberry S, Debruyne M, Bossi P, Hausfater P, Brucker G, Bricaire F, Caumes E, 2006. Chikungunya infection in travellers. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1565–1567.
-
2.
Lumsden WHR, 1995. An epidemic of virus disease in southern province, Tanganyika territory, in 1952–53: II. General description and epidemiology. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49: 33–57.
-
3.
Economopoulou A, Dominguez M, Helynck B, Sissoko D, Wichmann O, Quenel P, Germonneau P, Quatresous I, 2009. A typical chikungunya virus infections: clinical manifestations, mortality and risk factors for severe disease during the 2005–2006 outbreak on Reunion. Epidemiol Infect 137: 534–541.
-
4.
PAHO, 2015. Number of Reported Cases of Chikungunya Fever in the Americas—EW 13. Available at: http://www.paho.org/hq/. Accessed April 4, 2015.
-
5.
Carey DE, 1971. Chikungunya and dengue: a case of mistaken identity? J Hist Med Allied Sci 26: 243–262.
-
6.
Bundo K, Igarashi A, 1985. Antibody-capture ELISA for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies in sera from Japanese encephalitis and dengue hemorrhagic fever patients. J Virol Methods 11: 15–22.
-
7.
Inoue S, Alonzo MT, Kurosawa Y, Mapua CA, Reyes JD, Dimaano EM, Alera MT, Saito M, Oishi K, Hasebe F, Matias RR, Natividad FF, Morita K, 2010. Evaluation of a dengue IgG indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a Japanese encephalitis IgG indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of secondary dengue virus infection. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 143–150.
-
8.
Ngwe Tun MM, Thant KZ, Inoue S, Nabeshima T, Aoki K, Kyaw AK, Myint T, Tar T, Maung KT, Hayasaka D, Morita K, 2010. Detection of East Central South African genotype of chikungunya virus in Myanmar, 2010. Emerg Infect Dis 20: 1378–1381.
-
9.
Chahar HS, Bharai P, Dar L, Guleria R, Kabra SK, Broor S, 2009. Co-infection with chikungunya virus and dengue virus in Delhi, India. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 1077–1080.
-
10.
Caron M, Paupy C, Grard G, Becquart P, Mombo I, Nso BB, Kassa Kassa F, Nkoghe D, Leroy EM, 2012. Recent introduction and rapid dissemination of chikungunya virus and dengue virus serotype 2 associated with human and mosquito coinfections in Gabon, central Africa. Clin Infect Dis 55: e45–e53.
-
11.
Kularatne SA, Gihan MC, Weerasinghe SC, Gunasena S, 2009. Concurrent outbreaks of chikungunya and dengue fever in Kandy, Sri Lanka, 2006–07: a comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory features. Postgrad Med J 85: 342–346.
-
12.
Chang SF, Su C, Shu PY, Yang CF, Liao TL, Cheng CH, Hu HC, Huang JH, 2010. Concurrent isolation of chikungunya virus and dengue virus from a patient with co-infection resulting from a trip to Singapore. J Clin Microbiol 48: 4586–4589.
-
13.
Pun SB, Bastola A, Shah R, 2014. Case report: first report of chikungunya virus in Nepal. J Infect Dev Ctries 8: 790–792.
-
14.
Dhimal M, Gautam I, Kreß A, Müller R, Kuch U, 2014. Spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in central Nepal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3035.
-
15.
Powers AM, Loque CH, 2007. Changing patterns of chikungunya virus-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus. J Gen Virol 88: 2363–2377.
-
16.
Singh SS, Manimunda SP, Sugunan AP, Sahina Vijayachari P, 2008. Four cases of acute flaccid paralysis associated with chikungunya virus infection. Epidemiol Infect 136: 1277–1280.
-
17.
Kumar JC, Vivek Y, Sudhindra P, Dhananjaya B, Kumar AT, Guru K, Kumar A, Heqde MB, 2010. Oral candidiasis in chikungunya viral fever: a case report. Cases J 3: 6.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 483 | 431 | 66 |
| Full Text Views | 443 | 6 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 134 | 2 | 0 |