Molecular Taxonomy of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) benarrochi (Diptera: Culicidae) and Malaria Epidemiology in Southern Amazonian Peru

Jan E. Conn Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Asociacion Beneficia-PRISMA, Lima, Peru; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6)-Lima, Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru; Direccion General de Salud (DIRESA), Puerto Maldonado, Peru; Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

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Marta Moreno Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Asociacion Beneficia-PRISMA, Lima, Peru; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6)-Lima, Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru; Direccion General de Salud (DIRESA), Puerto Maldonado, Peru; Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

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Marlon Saavedra Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Asociacion Beneficia-PRISMA, Lima, Peru; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6)-Lima, Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru; Direccion General de Salud (DIRESA), Puerto Maldonado, Peru; Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

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Sara A. Bickersmith Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Asociacion Beneficia-PRISMA, Lima, Peru; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6)-Lima, Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru; Direccion General de Salud (DIRESA), Puerto Maldonado, Peru; Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

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Elisabeth Knoll Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Asociacion Beneficia-PRISMA, Lima, Peru; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6)-Lima, Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru; Direccion General de Salud (DIRESA), Puerto Maldonado, Peru; Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

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Roberto Fernandez Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Asociacion Beneficia-PRISMA, Lima, Peru; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6)-Lima, Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru; Direccion General de Salud (DIRESA), Puerto Maldonado, Peru; Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

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Hubert Vera Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Asociacion Beneficia-PRISMA, Lima, Peru; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6)-Lima, Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru; Direccion General de Salud (DIRESA), Puerto Maldonado, Peru; Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

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Roxanne G. Burrus Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Asociacion Beneficia-PRISMA, Lima, Peru; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6)-Lima, Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru; Direccion General de Salud (DIRESA), Puerto Maldonado, Peru; Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

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Andres G. Lescano Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Asociacion Beneficia-PRISMA, Lima, Peru; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6)-Lima, Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru; Direccion General de Salud (DIRESA), Puerto Maldonado, Peru; Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

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Juan Francisco Sanchez Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Asociacion Beneficia-PRISMA, Lima, Peru; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6)-Lima, Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru; Direccion General de Salud (DIRESA), Puerto Maldonado, Peru; Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

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Esteban Rivera Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Asociacion Beneficia-PRISMA, Lima, Peru; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6)-Lima, Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru; Direccion General de Salud (DIRESA), Puerto Maldonado, Peru; Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

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Joseph M. Vinetz Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Asociacion Beneficia-PRISMA, Lima, Peru; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6)-Lima, Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru; Direccion General de Salud (DIRESA), Puerto Maldonado, Peru; Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0429
Volume/Issue:
Volume 88: Issue 2
Page(s):
319–324
Restricted access
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Anopheline specimens were collected in 2011 by human landing catch, Shannon and CDC traps from the malaria endemic localities of Santa Rosa and San Pedro in Madre de Dios Department, Peru. Most specimens were either Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) benarrochi B or An. (Nys.) rangeli, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism-internal transcribed spacer 2 (PCR-RFLP-ITS2) and, for selected individuals, ITS2 sequences. A few specimens from Lupuna, Loreto Department, northern Amazonian Peru, were also identified as An. benarrochi B. A statistical parsimony network using ITS2 sequences confirmed that all Peruvian An. benarrochi B analyzed were identical to those in GenBank from Putumayo, southern Colombia. Sequences of the mtDNA COI BOLD region of specimens from all three Peruvian localities were connected using a statistical parsimony network, although there were multiple mutation steps between northern and southern Peruvian sequences. A Bayesian inference of concatenated Peruvian sequences of ITS2 + COI detected a single clade with very high support for all An. benarrochi B except one individual from Lupuna that was excluded. No samples were positive for Plasmodium by CytB-PCR.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Jan E. Conn, Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159. E-mail: jconn@wadsworth.org

Financial support: Financial support was provided by U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant U19 AI089681 to JMV and NIH grant R01AI54139 to JEC. The participation of AGL in this project is sponsored by the training grant NIH/FIC 2D43 TW007393 awarded to NAMRU-6 by the Fogarty International Center of the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

Authors' addresses: Jan E. Conn and Sara A. Bickersmith, Griffin Laboratory, The Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH, Slingerlands, NY, E-mails: jconn@wadsworth.org and sab19@notes.health.state.ny.us. Marta Moreno and Joseph M. Vinetz, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, E-mails: mmorenoleirana@ucsd.edu and jvinetz@ad.ucsd.edu. Marlon Saavedra, Associacion Benefica PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru, E-mail: msaavedraromero75@gmail.com. Elisabeth Knoll, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York-Albany, Albany, NY, E-mail: eknoll@albany.edu. Roberto Fernandez and Roxanne G. Burrus, Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No.6 (NAMRU-6), Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru, E-mails: Roberto.Fernandez@med.navy.mil and Roxanne.Burrus@med.navy.mil. Hubert Vera and Esteban Rivera, DIRESA, Avenida Ernesto Rivero, 475, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru, E-mails: hubvera@hotmail.com and estebanriveracarrera@gmail.com. Andres G. Lescano and Juan Francisco Sanchez, Department of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No.6 (NAMRU-6), Avenida Venezuela Cuadra 36 s/n, Callao 2, Peru, E-mails: willy.lescano@med.navy.mil and Juan.F.Sanchez@med.navy.mil.

Copyright:
© The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2013
Received:
11 Jul 2012
|
Accepted:
23 Oct 2012
|
Published Online:
06 Feb 2013
Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
Online ISSN:
1476-1645
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