Development of Carbapenem Resistance While on Antibiotic Therapy in a Patient with Melioidosis

Matthew Chung Yi Koh Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore;

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Alicia Ang Department of Infectious Diseases, Woodlands Health, Singapore, Singapore;

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Jinghao Nicholas Ngiam Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore;

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David Michael Allen Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore;
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore;

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Brenda Sze Peng Ang Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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We present a case of a 46-year-old male with disseminated melioidosis. He initially presented with primary bacteremia but eventually developed a recrudescent infection characterized by meningo-rhombencephalitis, as well as pulmonary and splenic abscesses. This was attributed to the emergence of carbapenem resistance, which developed while he was receiving parenteral antibiotic therapy. The patient eventually improved after switching his antibiotics to a combination of ceftazidime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The development of carbapenem resistance in Burkholderia pseudomallei during therapy is rare but may be attributed to mutations resulting in the overexpression of efflux pumps. Combination therapy may play a role in such cases by limiting the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

Author Notes

Disclosures: Written informed consent was obtained from the patient prior to this report. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data may be made available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.

Current contact information: Matthew Chung Yi Koh, Jinghao Nicholas Ngiam, and David Michael Allen, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore, E-mails: matthew.koh@mohh.com.sg, nicholas_ngiam@nuhs.edu.sg, and mdcdma@nus.edu.sg. Alicia Ang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Woodlands Health, Singapore, Singapore, E-mail: alicia_xy_ang@wh.com.sg. Brenda Sze Peng Ang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, E-mail: brenda_ang@ttsh.com.sg.

Address correspondence to Matthew Chung Yi Koh, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd., NUHS Tower Block, Level 10, Singapore 119228. E-mail: matthew.koh@mohh.com.sg
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