Author:
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 340 | 340 | 340 |
| Full Text Views | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| PDF Downloads | 17 | 17 | 17 |
Spatial Distribution and Epidemiological Characterization of Congenital Syphilis in Monterrey, Mexico, 2016–2024
Denisse Natalie Vaquera Aparicio
Denisse Natalie Vaquera Aparicio
Department of Pediatrics/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico;
Search for other papers by Denisse Natalie Vaquera Aparicio in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Denisse Natalie Vaquera Aparicio in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
José Iván Castillo Bejarano
jicastillobejarano@gmail.com
José Iván Castillo Bejarano
Department of Pediatrics/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico;
Search for other papers by José Iván Castillo Bejarano in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by José Iván Castillo Bejarano in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abiel Mascareñas de los Santos
Abiel Mascareñas de los Santos
Department of Pediatrics/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico;
Search for other papers by Abiel Mascareñas de los Santos in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Abiel Mascareñas de los Santos in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Paul Santiago Arcos Viscarra
Paul Santiago Arcos Viscarra
Department of Pediatrics/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico;
Search for other papers by Paul Santiago Arcos Viscarra in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Paul Santiago Arcos Viscarra in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
María Fernanda Cid Ramírez
María Fernanda Cid Ramírez
Department of Pediatrics/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico;
Search for other papers by María Fernanda Cid Ramírez in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by María Fernanda Cid Ramírez in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Diego Armando Alvarado-Lara
Diego Armando Alvarado-Lara
Department of Pediatrics/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico;
Search for other papers by Diego Armando Alvarado-Lara in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Diego Armando Alvarado-Lara in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Sara Paulina Rosales-González
Sara Paulina Rosales-González
Department of Pediatrics/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico;
Search for other papers by Sara Paulina Rosales-González in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Sara Paulina Rosales-González in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Kassandra Abigail Martínez Rivera
Kassandra Abigail Martínez Rivera
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico;
Search for other papers by Kassandra Abigail Martínez Rivera in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kassandra Abigail Martínez Rivera in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Ingrid Gabriela López-Reyna
Ingrid Gabriela López-Reyna
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico;
Search for other papers by Ingrid Gabriela López-Reyna in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ingrid Gabriela López-Reyna in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Manuel Alejandro Saldaña Chacón
Manuel Alejandro Saldaña Chacón
Consejo Regulador de Tequila, Jardines de Guadalupe Zapopan, Mexico;
Search for other papers by Manuel Alejandro Saldaña Chacón in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Manuel Alejandro Saldaña Chacón in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Susana Patricia Cantú González
Susana Patricia Cantú González
Hospital Epidemiological and Surveillance Unit, Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Monterrey, Mexico
Search for other papers by Susana Patricia Cantú González in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Susana Patricia Cantú González in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Congenital syphilis is a preventable infectious disease that is rising in low- and middle-income countries. The CDC classifies congenital syphilis into four clinical scenarios to guide diagnosis and treatment: Scenario 1, proven or highly probable congenital syphilis; Scenario 2, possible congenital syphilis; Scenario 3, less likely congenital syphilis; and Scenario 4, unlikely congenital syphilis. Geolocation is crucial for analyzing the distribution of infectious diseases by pinpointing high-prevalence areas and enabling targeted interventions. This retrospective observational study analyzed Scenario 1 and 2 cases from a tertiary hospital in Monterrey, Mexico (2016 to 2024). Geocoding was performed by converting descriptive location data, such as patients’ postal codes, into geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) using Python v. 3.10.13 (Python Software Foundation, Wilmington, DE). These coordinates were then used in spatial analysis and visualized through kernel density mapping to identify high-incidence zones. Logistic regression identified associations with geographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors, and odds ratios quantified risks. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). A total of 167 Scenario 1 and 2 cases were identified, with the highest incidence in 2023 (82.3%, n = 51). The mean maternal age was 23 years; 56.3% of maternal syphilis cases were diagnosed postpartum, 49.7% of cases were late latent syphilis, and 48.5% of patients received no treatment. Higher prevalence was observed in densely populated areas such as Monterrey. This study highlights the utility of geolocation and kernel mapping for designing prevention strategies tailored to high-risk regions. Strengthening prenatal care, early diagnostic testing, and timely treatment is crucial for reducing congenital syphilis rates.
Author Notes
Disclosure: This study was approved by the research ethics committee of our institution (code PE24-00010).
Current contact information: Denisse Natalie Vaquera Aparicio, José Iván Castillo Bejarano, Abiel Mascareñas de los Santos, Paul Santiago Arcos Viscarra, María Fernanda Cid Ramírez, Diego Armando Alvarado-Lara, and Sara Paulina Rosales-González, Department of Pediatrics/Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico, E-mails: dra.denissevaquera@gmail.com, jicastillobejarano@gmail.com, a_mascarenas@hotmail.com, santi.paulmed@gmail.com, fernanda027cidr@gmail.com, alvaradolara22@hotmail.com, and srosales107@gmail.com. Kassandra Abigail Martínez Rivera and Ingrid Gabriela López-Reyna, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico, E-mails: kassandra.mr96@hotmail.com and ingridlopezreyna@gmail.com. Manuel Alejandro Saldaña Chacón, Consejo Regulador de Tequila, Jalisco, Mexico, E-mail: ing.manuelsaldana16@gmail.com. Susana Patricia Cantú González, Hospital Epidemiological and Surveillance Unit, Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Monterrey, Mexico, E-mail: susana.cantug9@gmail.com.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 340 | 340 | 340 |
| Full Text Views | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| PDF Downloads | 17 | 17 | 17 |