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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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-
1.
Nutman TB, 2017. Human infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and other related Strongyloides species. Parasitology 144: 263–273.
-
2.
De Souza JN, Machado PR, Teixeira MC, Soares NM, 2014. Recurrence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a patient with Hansen’s disease: a case report. Lepr Rev 85: 58–62.
-
3.
Zammarchi L, Montagnani F, Tordini G, Gotuzzo E, Bisoffi Z, Bartoloni A, Luca AD, 2015. Persistent strongyloidiasis complicated by recurrent meningitis in an HTLV seropositive peruvian migrant resettled in Italy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 1257–1260.
-
4.
Willems L et al. 2017. Reducing the global burden of HTLV-1 infection: an agenda for research and action. Antiviral Res 137: 41–48.
-
5.
Carvalho EM, Da Fonseca Porto A, 2004. Epidemiological and clinical interaction between HTLV-1 and Strongyloides stercoralis. Parasite Immunol 26: 487–497.
-
6.
Porto MAF, Muniz A, Oliveira Júnior J, Carvalho EM, 2002. Clinical and immunological consequences of the association between HTLV-1 and strongyloidiasis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 35: 641–649.
-
7.
Cabral AC, Iñiguez AM, Moreno T, Bóia MN, Carvalho-Costa FA, Cabral AC, Iñiguez AM, Moreno T, Bóia MN, Carvalho-Costa FA, 2015. Clinical conditions associated withintestinal strongyloidiasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 48: 321–325.
-
8.
et al. 2016. Association between Strongyloides stercoralis infection and cortisol secretion in alcoholic patients. Acta Trop 154: 133–138.
-
9.
Viney M, 2017. Strongyloides. Parasitology 144: 259–262.
-
10.
Porto AF, Neva FA, Bittencourt H, Lisboa W, Thompson R, Alcântara L, Carvalho EM, 2001. HTLV-1 decreases Th2 type of immune response in patients with strongyloidiasis. Parasite Immunol 23: 503–507.
-
11.
Weatherhead JE, Mejia R, 2014. Immune response to infection with Strongyloides stercoralis in patients with infection and hyperinfection. Curr Trop Med Rep 1: 229–233.
-
12.
de Souza JN, Teixeira MCA, Soares NM, 2015. Associação entre hiperinfecção por Strongyloides stercoralis e HTLV-1: um relato de caso. Rev Ciênc Médicas E Biológicas 13: 427–430.
-
13.
Negrão-Corrêa D, 2001. Importance of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the protective mechanism against gastrointestinal nematode infection: looking at the intestinal mucosae. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 43: 291–299.
-
14.
Silva MLS et al. 2017. Influence of parasite load on the diagnosis and occurrence of eosinophilia in alcoholic patients infected with Strongyloides stercoralis. J Helminthol 28: 1–5.
-
15.
Domingos JA, Soares LS, Bandeira LM, Bonin CM, Vicente ACP, Zanella L, Puga MAM, Tozetti IA, Motta-Castro ARC, Cunha RV, 2017. Cytokine profile and proviral load among Japanese immigrants and non-Japanese infected with HTLV-1 in a non-endemic area of Brazil. PLoS One 12: e0174869.
-
16.
Dodon MD, Li Z, Hamaia S, Gazzolo L, 2004. Tax protein of human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 induces interleukin 17 gene expression in T cells. J Gen Virol 85: 1921–1932.
-
17.
Santos SB, Oliveira P, Luna T, Souza A, Nascimento M, Siqueira I, Tanajura D, Muniz AL, Glesby MJ, Carvalho EM, 2012. Immunological and viral features in patients with overactive bladder associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection. J Med Virol 84: 1809–1817.
-
18.
Leal FE et al. 2013. Expansion in CD39+ CD4+ immunoregulatory t cells and rarity of Th17 cells in HTLV-1 infected patients is associated with neurological complications. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2028.
-
19.
Barrett J, Broderick C, Soulsby H, Wade P, Newsholme W, 2016. Subcutaneous ivermectin use in the treatment of severe Strongyloides stercoralis infection: two case reports and a discussion of the literature. J Antimicrob Chemother 71: 220–225.
-
20.
Bisoffi Z, Buonfrate D, Angheben A, Boscolo M, Anselmi M, Marocco S, Monteiro G, Gobbo M, Bisoffi G, Gobbi F, 2011. Randomized clinical trial on ivermectin versus thiabendazole for the treatment of strongyloidiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1254.
-
21.
Suputtamongkol Y, Premasathian N, Bhumimuang K, Waywa D, Nilganuwong S, Karuphong E, Anekthananon T, Wanachiwanawin D, Silpasakorn S, 2011. Efficacy and safety of single and double doses of ivermectin versus 7-day high dose albendazole for chronic strongyloidiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1044.
-
22.
Zaha O, Hirata T, Kinjo F, Saito A, Fukuhara H, 2002. Efficacy of ivermectin for chronic strongyloidiasis: two single doses given 2 weeks apart. J Infect Chemother 8: 94–98.
-
23.
Zaha O, Hirata T, Uchima N, Kinjo F, Saito A, 2004. Comparison of anthelmintic effects of two doses of ivermectin on intestinal strongyloidiasis in patients negative or positive for anti-HTLV-1 antibody. J Infect Chemother 10: 348–351.
-
24.
Kinjo T, Nabeya D, Nakamura H, Haranaga S, Hirata T, Nakamoto T, Atsumi E, Fuchigami T, Aoki Y, Fujita J, 2015. Acute respiratory distress syndrome due to Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a patient with cervical cancer. Intern Med Tokyo Jpn 54: 83–87.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1436 | 854 | 87 |
| Full Text Views | 4741 | 24 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 3309 | 21 | 2 |
Case Report: Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection in a Patient with HTLV-1: An Infection with Filariform and Rhabditiform Larvae, Eggs, and Free-Living Adult Females Output
Joelma Nascimento De Souza
Joelma Nascimento De Souza
Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil;
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Barbara Nascimento Rocha Ribeiro Soares
Barbara Nascimento Rocha Ribeiro Soares
Laboratório de Saúde Pública (LASP), Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil;
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Luana Leandro Goes
Luana Leandro Goes
Laboratório de Saúde Pública (LASP), Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil;
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Cintia de Souza Lima
Cintia de Souza Lima
Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil;
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Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira Barreto
Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira Barreto
Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil;
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Beatriz Soares Jacobina
Beatriz Soares Jacobina
Centro Integrativo e Multidisciplinar de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV da, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (CHTLV/EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil
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Noilson Gonçalves
Noilson Gonçalves
Centro Integrativo e Multidisciplinar de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV da, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (CHTLV/EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil
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Marcia Cristina Aquino Teixeira
Marcia Cristina Aquino Teixeira
Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil;
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Bernardo Galvão-Castro
Bernardo Galvão-Castro
Centro Integrativo e Multidisciplinar de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV da, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (CHTLV/EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil
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Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi
Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi
Centro Integrativo e Multidisciplinar de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV da, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (CHTLV/EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil
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Neci Matos Soares
Neci Matos Soares
Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil;
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Strongyloides stercoralis is the main etiological agent of human strongyloidiasis. Severe strongyloidiasis is commonly associated to alcoholism, corticostereoid use, and human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) coinfection. Herein, we report a case of a 13-year-old boy coinfected with S. stercoralis and HTLV-1, excreting several parasitic forms in the stool. The parasitological examination of his feces showed a large amount of filariform (about 3,000 larvae per gram of feces) and rhabditiform larvae (about 2,000 larvae per gram of feces). In addition, free-living adult females (about 50 parasites per gram of feces) and eggs (about 60 eggs per gram of feces) were detected. The main laboratory findings pointed to high immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels (228 UI/mL) and eosinophila (11.6%). The patient was treated with three courses of ivermectin (200 µg/kg twice, 2 weeks apart), achieving the parasitological cure. An increase of about 19 times in interleucin (IL)-17 level was observed following the parasitological cure, in addition to a decrease in the white blood cell, eosinophil counts, and IgE levels. This is the first case report, to our knowledge, in which an S. stercoralis adult free-living female was described in human feces and where an increase in IL-17 levels after Strongyloides treatment in a HTLV-1 coinfected individual was observed. This finding raises the need for further studies about IL-17 immunomodulation in S. stercoralis and HTLV-1 coinfected patients.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Joelma Nascimento De Souza, Cintia de Souza Lima, Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira Barreto, Marcia Cristina Aquino Teixeira, and Neci Matos Soares, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, E-mails: joelmandesouza@gmail.com, cintia.lima@bol.com.br, nilomanoel@gmail.com, marciaquino2009@hotmail.com, and neci@ufba.br. Barbara Nascimento Rocha Ribeiro Soares and Luana Leandro Goes, Laboratório de Saúde Pública (LASP), Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil, E-mails: barbarasoares@bahiana.edu.br and lualeandro1@hotmail.com. Beatriz Soares Jacobina, Noilson Gonçalves, Bernardo Galvão-Castro, and Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi, Centro Integrativo e Multidisciplinar de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV da, Escola Bahiaa de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil, E-mails: bsjacobina@gmail.com, noilsonlazaro@bahiana.edu.br, bgalvao@bahiana.edu.br, and grassi@bahia.fiocruz.br.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Nutman TB, 2017. Human infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and other related Strongyloides species. Parasitology 144: 263–273.
-
2.
De Souza JN, Machado PR, Teixeira MC, Soares NM, 2014. Recurrence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a patient with Hansen’s disease: a case report. Lepr Rev 85: 58–62.
-
3.
Zammarchi L, Montagnani F, Tordini G, Gotuzzo E, Bisoffi Z, Bartoloni A, Luca AD, 2015. Persistent strongyloidiasis complicated by recurrent meningitis in an HTLV seropositive peruvian migrant resettled in Italy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 1257–1260.
-
4.
Willems L et al. 2017. Reducing the global burden of HTLV-1 infection: an agenda for research and action. Antiviral Res 137: 41–48.
-
5.
Carvalho EM, Da Fonseca Porto A, 2004. Epidemiological and clinical interaction between HTLV-1 and Strongyloides stercoralis. Parasite Immunol 26: 487–497.
-
6.
Porto MAF, Muniz A, Oliveira Júnior J, Carvalho EM, 2002. Clinical and immunological consequences of the association between HTLV-1 and strongyloidiasis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 35: 641–649.
-
7.
Cabral AC, Iñiguez AM, Moreno T, Bóia MN, Carvalho-Costa FA, Cabral AC, Iñiguez AM, Moreno T, Bóia MN, Carvalho-Costa FA, 2015. Clinical conditions associated withintestinal strongyloidiasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 48: 321–325.
-
8.
et al. 2016. Association between Strongyloides stercoralis infection and cortisol secretion in alcoholic patients. Acta Trop 154: 133–138.
-
9.
Viney M, 2017. Strongyloides. Parasitology 144: 259–262.
-
10.
Porto AF, Neva FA, Bittencourt H, Lisboa W, Thompson R, Alcântara L, Carvalho EM, 2001. HTLV-1 decreases Th2 type of immune response in patients with strongyloidiasis. Parasite Immunol 23: 503–507.
-
11.
Weatherhead JE, Mejia R, 2014. Immune response to infection with Strongyloides stercoralis in patients with infection and hyperinfection. Curr Trop Med Rep 1: 229–233.
-
12.
de Souza JN, Teixeira MCA, Soares NM, 2015. Associação entre hiperinfecção por Strongyloides stercoralis e HTLV-1: um relato de caso. Rev Ciênc Médicas E Biológicas 13: 427–430.
-
13.
Negrão-Corrêa D, 2001. Importance of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the protective mechanism against gastrointestinal nematode infection: looking at the intestinal mucosae. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 43: 291–299.
-
14.
Silva MLS et al. 2017. Influence of parasite load on the diagnosis and occurrence of eosinophilia in alcoholic patients infected with Strongyloides stercoralis. J Helminthol 28: 1–5.
-
15.
Domingos JA, Soares LS, Bandeira LM, Bonin CM, Vicente ACP, Zanella L, Puga MAM, Tozetti IA, Motta-Castro ARC, Cunha RV, 2017. Cytokine profile and proviral load among Japanese immigrants and non-Japanese infected with HTLV-1 in a non-endemic area of Brazil. PLoS One 12: e0174869.
-
16.
Dodon MD, Li Z, Hamaia S, Gazzolo L, 2004. Tax protein of human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 induces interleukin 17 gene expression in T cells. J Gen Virol 85: 1921–1932.
-
17.
Santos SB, Oliveira P, Luna T, Souza A, Nascimento M, Siqueira I, Tanajura D, Muniz AL, Glesby MJ, Carvalho EM, 2012. Immunological and viral features in patients with overactive bladder associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection. J Med Virol 84: 1809–1817.
-
18.
Leal FE et al. 2013. Expansion in CD39+ CD4+ immunoregulatory t cells and rarity of Th17 cells in HTLV-1 infected patients is associated with neurological complications. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2028.
-
19.
Barrett J, Broderick C, Soulsby H, Wade P, Newsholme W, 2016. Subcutaneous ivermectin use in the treatment of severe Strongyloides stercoralis infection: two case reports and a discussion of the literature. J Antimicrob Chemother 71: 220–225.
-
20.
Bisoffi Z, Buonfrate D, Angheben A, Boscolo M, Anselmi M, Marocco S, Monteiro G, Gobbo M, Bisoffi G, Gobbi F, 2011. Randomized clinical trial on ivermectin versus thiabendazole for the treatment of strongyloidiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1254.
-
21.
Suputtamongkol Y, Premasathian N, Bhumimuang K, Waywa D, Nilganuwong S, Karuphong E, Anekthananon T, Wanachiwanawin D, Silpasakorn S, 2011. Efficacy and safety of single and double doses of ivermectin versus 7-day high dose albendazole for chronic strongyloidiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1044.
-
22.
Zaha O, Hirata T, Kinjo F, Saito A, Fukuhara H, 2002. Efficacy of ivermectin for chronic strongyloidiasis: two single doses given 2 weeks apart. J Infect Chemother 8: 94–98.
-
23.
Zaha O, Hirata T, Uchima N, Kinjo F, Saito A, 2004. Comparison of anthelmintic effects of two doses of ivermectin on intestinal strongyloidiasis in patients negative or positive for anti-HTLV-1 antibody. J Infect Chemother 10: 348–351.
-
24.
Kinjo T, Nabeya D, Nakamura H, Haranaga S, Hirata T, Nakamoto T, Atsumi E, Fuchigami T, Aoki Y, Fujita J, 2015. Acute respiratory distress syndrome due to Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a patient with cervical cancer. Intern Med Tokyo Jpn 54: 83–87.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1436 | 854 | 87 |
| Full Text Views | 4741 | 24 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 3309 | 21 | 2 |