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1.
Fawdry AL, 1957. Onchocerciasis in south Arabia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 51: 253–256.
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2.
Al-Qubati Y, 1994. The first use of ivermectin for treatment of onchocerciasis in Yemen. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88: 343.
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3.
Al-Kubati AS, Mackenzie CD, Boakye D, Al-Qubati Y, Al-Samie AR, Awad IE, Thylefors B, Hopkins A, 2018. Onchocerciasis in Yemen: moving forward towards an elimination program. Int Health 10: i89–i96.
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4.
Büttner DW, von Laer G, Mannweiler E, Büttner M, 1982. Clinical, parasitological and serological studies on onchocerciasis in the Yemen Arab Republic. Tropenmed Parasitol 33: 201–212.
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5.
Mackenzie CD, Homeida MM, Hopkins A, Lawrence JC, 2012. Elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa: possible? Trends Parasitol 28: 16–22.
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WHO, 2016. Guidelines for Stopping Mass Drug Administration and Verifying Elimination of Human onchocerciasis. Criteria and Procedures. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1–44. ISBN: 978 92 4 151001 1. WHO/HTM/NTD/PCT/2016.1.
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Golden A et al. 2016. A recombinant positive control for serology diagnostic tests supporting elimination of Onchocerca volvulus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004292.
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8.
Burbelo PD, Leahy HP, Iadarola MJ, Nutman TB, 2009. A four-antigen mixture for rapid assessment of Onchocerca volvulus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e438.
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9.
Mackenzie CD, Boakye D, Hopkins A, 2012. A National Plan for the Elimination of onchocerciasis from the Republic of Yemen. Sana’a, Yemen: Ministry of Public Health and Population, the Republic of Yemen.
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A Serological Survey of Human Onchocerciasis in Yemen
Charles D. Mackenzie
Charles D. Mackenzie
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Square, Liverpool, United Kigdom;
Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Illinois;
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Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Illinois;
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Abdul-Samid Al-Kubati
Abdul-Samid Al-Kubati
Yemeni Onchocerciasis Program, Tiaz, Yemen;
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Yasin Al-Qubati
Yasin Al-Qubati
Yemeni Onchocerciasis Program, Tiaz, Yemen;
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Ashley Behan-Braman
Ashley Behan-Braman
Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan;
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Joseph Kubofcik
Joseph Kubofcik
Parasitology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland;
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Adrian Hopkins
Adrian Hopkins
Perry Street, Kent, United Kingdom
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Thomas B. Nutman
Thomas B. Nutman
Parasitology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland;
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Yemen is a country that has been treating severe cases of oncho-dermatitis since 1992 and is now moving to a program aimed at the elimination of the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus. It is important to ensure that the currently acceptable tools used in epidemiological assessment of onchocerciasis in Africa and Latin America also apply to Yemen. Five hundred and ten blood samples from three known O. volvulus–endemic areas, locations that have never been under a mass treatment program, were tested for the presence of antibodies against a panel of O. volvulus–specific antigens using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ov16) and luciferase immunoprecipitation system (Ov-FAR-1 and Ov-MSA-1) assays. Overall, 31.4% of the samples tested were positive, with positivity increasing with age. Positivity was seen in 76.5% of those presenting with clinical onchocerciasis but importantly also in more than 28.5% of those defined as free of oncho-dermatitis; these latter individuals are likely to be serving as a source for persistent reinfection. This study supports the use of the current O. volvulus–specific serologic methodology in Yemen.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Charles D. Mackenzie, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Square, Liverpool, United Kingdom, E-mail: tropmed@mac.com. Abdul-Samid Al-Kubati, National Onchocerciasis Program, Tiaz, Yemen, and National Leprosy Program, Tiaz, Yemen, E-mail: a-samidku@hotmail.com. Yasin Al-Qubati, Yemeni Onchocerciasis Program, Tiaz, Yemen, E-mail: alkobti@yahoo.com. Ashley Behan-Braman, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, E-mail: behanash@msu.edu. Joseph Kubofcik and Thomas B. Nutman, Laboratory of Parasitic Disease, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, E-mails: jkubofcik@niaid.nih.gov and alkobti@yahoo.com. Adrian Hopkins, Perry Street, Kent DA11 8R, United Kingdom Email: adrianhopkinsconsulting@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Fawdry AL, 1957. Onchocerciasis in south Arabia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 51: 253–256.
-
2.
Al-Qubati Y, 1994. The first use of ivermectin for treatment of onchocerciasis in Yemen. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88: 343.
-
3.
Al-Kubati AS, Mackenzie CD, Boakye D, Al-Qubati Y, Al-Samie AR, Awad IE, Thylefors B, Hopkins A, 2018. Onchocerciasis in Yemen: moving forward towards an elimination program. Int Health 10: i89–i96.
-
4.
Büttner DW, von Laer G, Mannweiler E, Büttner M, 1982. Clinical, parasitological and serological studies on onchocerciasis in the Yemen Arab Republic. Tropenmed Parasitol 33: 201–212.
-
5.
Mackenzie CD, Homeida MM, Hopkins A, Lawrence JC, 2012. Elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa: possible? Trends Parasitol 28: 16–22.
-
6.
WHO, 2016. Guidelines for Stopping Mass Drug Administration and Verifying Elimination of Human onchocerciasis. Criteria and Procedures. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1–44. ISBN: 978 92 4 151001 1. WHO/HTM/NTD/PCT/2016.1.
-
7.
Golden A et al. 2016. A recombinant positive control for serology diagnostic tests supporting elimination of Onchocerca volvulus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004292.
-
8.
Burbelo PD, Leahy HP, Iadarola MJ, Nutman TB, 2009. A four-antigen mixture for rapid assessment of Onchocerca volvulus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e438.
-
9.
Mackenzie CD, Boakye D, Hopkins A, 2012. A National Plan for the Elimination of onchocerciasis from the Republic of Yemen. Sana’a, Yemen: Ministry of Public Health and Population, the Republic of Yemen.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 795 | 732 | 62 |
| Full Text Views | 894 | 15 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 113 | 12 | 0 |