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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preventive Practices Regarding Dengue in Maracay, Venezuela
Jelte Elsinga
Jelte Elsinga
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands;
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Masja Schmidt
Masja Schmidt
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands;
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Erley F. Lizarazo
Erley F. Lizarazo
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands;
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela;
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Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela;
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Maria F. Vincenti-Gonzalez
Maria F. Vincenti-Gonzalez
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands;
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela;
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Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela;
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Zoraida I. Velasco-Salas
Zoraida I. Velasco-Salas
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands;
Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela;
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Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela;
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Luzlexis Arias
Luzlexis Arias
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela;
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Johannes G. M. Burgerhof
Johannes G. M. Burgerhof
Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;
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Adriana Tami
Adriana Tami
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands;
Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
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Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
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Dengue, a viral mosquito-borne disease currently affects more than 2.5 billion people living in endemic areas worldwide. In vector control, social mobilization and community behavioral changes are of crucial importance. Here, we identified the factors influencing community dengue preventive practices in a high-transmission urban area in Venezuela. Between September 2013 and February 2014, a cross-sectional study at the household level was carried out in Maracay city, Venezuela. A precoded questionnaire was used to obtain information on people’s knowledge, attitudes, and use of preventive practices in relation to dengue. Concomitantly, entomological data was collected from households. In 80% of the 105 included households, 1–5 preventive practices (e.g., repellents, insecticides) against mosquito bites were used. However, 57% of the examined houses had potential Aedes breeding sites indoors and/or outdoors, most of which positive for Aedes spp. larvae/pupae. Preventive practices were associated with a previous dengue infection (P = 0.030) and a better knowledge on dengue symptoms and transmission route (P = 0.020). In turn, knowledge was associated with feeling at risk (P < 0.001), a previous dengue infection (P = 0.010), and reported exposure to information sources of dengue (P = 0.011). Even though the knowledge level of the community over transmission ways was high, and most of the individuals took measures to avoid mosquito bites, potential mosquito breeding sites were present in almost two-thirds of the examined properties. Health promotion activities in Venezuela should aim at raising awareness at the community level on the importance of combining mosquito bite prevention with removal of breeding sites in and around the households.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología e Innovación (FONACIT) of the Ministerio del Poder Popular para Ciencia, Teconologia e Industrias Intermedias (MPPCTII, Venezuelan Ministry of Science, Technology and Intermediate Industries), Venezuela (201100129, 201300201) and by the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. J. E. received a grant from the UMCG, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Authors’ addresses: Jelte Elsinga, Masja Schmidt, Erley Lizarazo, and Maria F. Vincenti-Gonzalez, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, E-mails: j.elsinga.research@gmail.com, schmidtmasja@gmail.com, e.f.lizarazo.forero@umcg.nl, and m.f.vincenti.gonzalez@umcg.nl. Zoraida I. Velasco-Salas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela, E-mail: zvelasco@hotmail.com. Luzlexis Arias, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso”, Maracay, Venezuela, E-mail: luzdv.arias@gmail.com. Johannes G. M. Burgerhof, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, E-mail: j.g.m.burgerhof@umcg.nl. Adriana Tami, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, and Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela, E-mail: a.tami@umcg.nl.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Bhatt S et al. 2013. The global distribution and burden of dengue. Nature 496: 504–507.
-
2.
San Martin JL, Brathwaite O, Zambrano B, Solorzano JO, Bouckenooghe A, Dayan GH, Guzmán MG, 2010. The epidemiology of dengue in the Americas over the last three decades: a worrisome reality. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 128–135.
-
3.
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-
4.
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5.
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-
6.
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-
7.
Gubler DJ, 2011. Dengue, urbanization and globalization: the unholy trinity of the 21st century. Trop Med Health 39 (Suppl): 3–11.
-
8.
Luz PM, Vanni T, Medlock J, Paltiel AD, Galvani AP, 2011. Dengue vector control strategies in an urban setting: an economic modelling assessment. Lancet 377: 1673–1680.
-
9.
Leontsini E, Gil E, Kendall C, Clark GG, 1993. Effect of a community-based Aedes aegypti control programme on mosquito larval production sites in El Progreso, Honduras. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87: 267–271.
-
10.
Sanchez L, Perez D, Perez T, Sosa T, Cruz G, Kouri G, Boelaert M, Van der Stuyft P, 2005. Intersectoral coordination in Aedes aegypti control. A pilot project in Havana City, Cuba. Trop Med Int Health 10: 82–91.
-
11.
Spiegel J, Bennett S, Hattersley L, Hayden MH, Kittayapong P, Nalim S, Wang DNC, Zielinski-Gutiérrez E, Gubler D, 2005. Barriers and bridges to prevention and control of dengue: the need for a social—ecological approach. EcoHealth 2: 273–290.
-
12.
Gumicio S, Merica M, Luhman N, Fauvel G, Zompi S, Ronsse A, 2011. The KAP Survey Model (Knowledge, Attitudes & Practices): Medicíns du Monde.
-
13.
Barrera R, Avila J, Gonzalez-Tellez S, 1993. Unreliable supply of potable water and elevated Aedes aegypti larval indices: a causal relationship? J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9: 189–195.
-
14.
Instituto Nacional de estadística (INE), 2013. XIV Censo Nacional de la Población y Vivienda. Resultados por Entidad Federal y Municipio del Estado Aragua. Available at: http://www.ine.gob.ve/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=95&Itemid=26#. Accessed January 5, 2014.
-
15.
Comach G et al. 2009. Dengue virus infections in a cohort of schoolchildren from Maracay, Venezuela: a 2-year prospective study. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 9: 87–92.
-
16.
Velasco-Salas ZI, Sierra GM, Guzman DM, Zambrano J, Vivas D, Comach G, Wilschut JC, Tami A, 2014. Dengue seroprevalence and risk factors for past and recent viral transmission in Venezuela: a comprehensive community-based study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 1039–1048.
-
17.
Oletta JF, Orihuela RA, Pulido P, Walter C, 2014. Venezuela: violence, human rights, and health-care realities. Lancet 383: 1967.
-
18.
Tami A, 2014. Venezuela: violence, human rights, and health-care realities. Lancet 383: 1968–1969.
-
19.
Acquatella H, Rodríguez L, Michelena HI, 2014. Venezuelan unrest increases pressure on health services. Lancet 383: 1969.
-
20.
Elsinga J, Lizarazo EF, Vincenti MF, Schmidt M, Velasco-Salas ZI, Arias L, Bailey A, Tami A, 2015. Health seeking behaviour and treatment intentions of dengue and fever: a household survey of children and adults in Venezuela. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004237.
-
21.
González R, Darsie RF Jr., 2011. Clave ilustrada para la determinación genérica de larvas de Culicidae de Colombia y el Nuevo Mundo. Bol Mus Entomol Univ Del Valle 4: 21–37.
-
22.
Rossi GC, Almirón WR, 2004. Clave ilustrada para la identificación de larvas de mosquitos de interés sanitario encontradas en criaderos artificiales en la Argentina. Publicaciones Mundo Sano. Serie Enfermedades Transmisibles 5: 53.
-
23.
Salamanca M, Londoño B, Urquijo L, Díaz A, Padilla J, 2013. Gestión para la Vigilancia Entomológica y Control Para la Transmisión del Dengue. Bogotá, Colombia: Plan Nacional de Salud Pública.
-
24.
Vyas S, Kumaranayake L, 2006. Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis. Health Policy Plan 21: 459–468.
-
25.
Krishnan V, 2010. Constructing an Area-Based Socioeconomic Index: A Principal Components Analysis Approach. Edmonton, Alberta: Early Child Development Mapping Project.
-
26.
Stoler J, Brodine SK, Bromfield S, Weeks JR, Scarlett H, 2011. Exploring the relationships between dengue fever knowledge and Aedes aegypti breeding in St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica: a pilot of enhanced low-cost surveillance. Res Rep Trop Med 2: 93–103.
-
27.
Pérez-Guerra CL, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Vargas-Torres D, Clark GG, 2009. Community beliefs and practices about dengue in Puerto Rico. Rev Panam Salud Publica 25: 218–226.
-
28.
Gunasekara TDCP, Velathanthiri VGNS, Weerasekara MM, Fernando SSN, Peelawattage M, Guruge D, Fernando S, 2012. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding dengue fever in a suburban community in Sri Lanka. Galen Med J 17: 10–17.
-
29.
Syed M et al. 2010. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding dengue fever among adults of high and low socioeconomic groups. J Pak Med Assoc 60: 243–247.
-
30.
Mayxay M, Cui W, Thammavong S, Khensakhou K, Vongxay V, Inthasoum L, Sychareun V, Armstrong G, 2013. Dengue in peri-urban Pak-Ngum district, Vientiane capital of Laos: a community survey on knowledge, attitudes and practices. BMC Public Health 13: 434.
-
31.
Sanchez L, Perez D, Cruz G, Castro M, Kouri G, Shkedy Z, VanIerberghe V, Van der Stuyft P, 2009. Intersectoral coordination, community empowerment and dengue prevention: six years of controlled interventions in Playa Municipality, Havana, Cuba. Trop Med Int Health 14: 1356–1364.
-
32.
Koenraadt CJ, Tuiten W, Sithiprasasna R, Kijchalao U, Jones JW, Scott TW, 2006. Dengue knowledge and practices and their impact on Aedes aegypti populations in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 692–700.
-
33.
Rosenbaum J, Nathan MB, Ragoonanansingh R, Rawlins S, Gayle C, Chadee DD, Lloyd LS, 1995. Community participation in dengue prevention and control: a survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practice in Trinidad and Tobago. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 111–117.
-
34.
Castro M, Sánchez L, Pérez D, Sebrango C, Shkedy Z, Van der Stuyft P, 2013. The relationship between economic status, knowledge on dengue, risk perceptions and practices. PLoS One 8: e81875.
-
35.
Wong LP, AbuBakar S, 2013. Health beliefs and practices related to dengue fever: a focus group study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2310.
-
36.
Barrera R, Delgado N, Jiménez M, Valero S, 2002. Eco-epidemiological factors associated with hyperendemic dengue haemorrhagic fever in Maracay City, Venezuela. Dengue Bull 26: 84–95.
-
37.
Pham HV, Doan HT, Phan TT, Minh NN, 2011. Ecological factors associated with dengue fever in a Central Highlands province, Vietnam. BMC Infect Dis 11: 172.
-
38.
Caprara A, Lima JW, Marinho AC, Calvasina PG, Landim LP, Sommerfeld J, 2009. Irregular water supply, household usage and dengue: a bio-social study in the Brazilian Northeast. Cad Saude Publica 25: S125–S136.
-
39.
Swaddiwudhipong W, Chaovakiratipong C, Nguntra P, Koonchote S, Khumklam P, Lerdlukanavonge P, 1992. Effect of health education on community participation in control of dengue hemorrhagic fever in an urban area of Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 23: 200–206.
-
40.
Schmidt W et al. 2011. Population density, water supply, and the risk of dengue fever in Vietnam: cohort study and spatial analysis. PLoS Med 8: e1001082.
-
41.
Shuaib F, Todd D, Campbell-Stennett D, Ehiri J, Jolly PE, 2010. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding dengue infection in Westmoreland, Jamaica. West Indian Med J 59: 139–146.
-
42.
Egedus VL, Morales Ortega J, Alfaro Obando A, 2014. Knowledge, perceptions, and practices with respect to the prevention of dengue in a mid-Pacific coastal village of Costa Rica. Rev Biol Trop 62: 859–867.
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