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1.
Taylor MJ, Hoerauf A, Bockarie M, 2010. Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. Lancet 376: 1175–1185.
-
2.
Nutman TB, Kazura JW, 2011. Lymphatic filariasis. Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF, eds. Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice, 3rd edition. Boston, MA: Elsevier, Inc., 729–734.
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3.
Amaral F, Dreyer G, Figueredo-Silva J, Noroes J, Cavalcanti A, Samico SC, Santos A, Coutinho A, 1994. Live adult worms detected by ultrasonography in human Bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50: 753–757.
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4.
Lipner EM, Law MA, Barnett E, Keystone JS, von Sonnenburg F, Loutan L, Prevots DR, Klion AD, Nutman TB; GeoSentinel Surveillance Network, 2007. Filariasis in travelers presenting to the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1: e88.
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World Health Organization Weekly Epidemiological Record, 2016. Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: Progress Report, 2015. Available at: http://www.who.int/lymphatic_filariasis/resources/who_wer9139/en/. Accessed January 17, 2018.
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6.
Marcos LA, Shapley NP, Eberhard M, Epstein JI, Fox LM, Magill A, Nutman TB, 2014. Testicular swelling due to lymphatic filariasis after brief travel to Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 89–91.
-
7.
Wijeyaratne PM, Singha P, Verma OP, Motha B, 1982. Evaluation of the diethylcarbamazine provocative test in the diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infections in the Nigerian savanna and the effects on Dipetalonema perstans. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 76: 387–391.
-
8.
Adejolu M, Sidhu PS, 2011. The “filarial dance” is not characteristic of filariasis: observations of “dancing megasperm” on high-resolution sonography in patients from nonendemic areas mimicking the filarial dance and a proposed mechanism for this phenomenon. J Ultrasound Med 30: 1145–1150.
-
9.
Frates MC, Benson CB, Stober SL, 2011. Mobile echogenicities on scrotal sonography: is the finding associated with vasectomy? J Ultrasound Med 30: 1387–1390.
-
10.
Wang Z, Yang Z, Lei YY, Zhang YD, Chen LD, Xie XY, Lu MD, Wang W, 2015. Who is doing the dance in epididymis: the principle of moblile echogenicities without filarial infection: case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 94: e1418.
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Case Report: Filaria or Megasperm? A Cause of an Ultrasonographic “Filarial Dance Sign”
J. Brad Wiggers
J. Brad Wiggers
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
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Hyun-Jung Jang
Hyun-Jung Jang
Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
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Jay S. Keystone
Jay S. Keystone
Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Bancroftian filariasis can cause genital abnormalities related to chronic inflammation and obstruction of the afferent lymphatic vessels, and may demonstrate a “filarial dance sign” on scrotal ultrasound with mobile echogenic particles observed. We present a patient with a positive “filarial dance sign,” travel within Latin America, and negative filarial serology.
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Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: J. Brad Wiggers, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, E-mail: brad.wiggers@one-mail.on.ca. Hyun-Jung Jang, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, E-mail: hyun-jung.jang@uhn.ca. Jay S. Keystone, Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, E-mail: jay.keystone@utoronto.ca.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Taylor MJ, Hoerauf A, Bockarie M, 2010. Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. Lancet 376: 1175–1185.
-
2.
Nutman TB, Kazura JW, 2011. Lymphatic filariasis. Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF, eds. Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice, 3rd edition. Boston, MA: Elsevier, Inc., 729–734.
-
3.
Amaral F, Dreyer G, Figueredo-Silva J, Noroes J, Cavalcanti A, Samico SC, Santos A, Coutinho A, 1994. Live adult worms detected by ultrasonography in human Bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50: 753–757.
-
4.
Lipner EM, Law MA, Barnett E, Keystone JS, von Sonnenburg F, Loutan L, Prevots DR, Klion AD, Nutman TB; GeoSentinel Surveillance Network, 2007. Filariasis in travelers presenting to the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1: e88.
-
5.
World Health Organization Weekly Epidemiological Record, 2016. Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: Progress Report, 2015. Available at: http://www.who.int/lymphatic_filariasis/resources/who_wer9139/en/. Accessed January 17, 2018.
-
6.
Marcos LA, Shapley NP, Eberhard M, Epstein JI, Fox LM, Magill A, Nutman TB, 2014. Testicular swelling due to lymphatic filariasis after brief travel to Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 89–91.
-
7.
Wijeyaratne PM, Singha P, Verma OP, Motha B, 1982. Evaluation of the diethylcarbamazine provocative test in the diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infections in the Nigerian savanna and the effects on Dipetalonema perstans. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 76: 387–391.
-
8.
Adejolu M, Sidhu PS, 2011. The “filarial dance” is not characteristic of filariasis: observations of “dancing megasperm” on high-resolution sonography in patients from nonendemic areas mimicking the filarial dance and a proposed mechanism for this phenomenon. J Ultrasound Med 30: 1145–1150.
-
9.
Frates MC, Benson CB, Stober SL, 2011. Mobile echogenicities on scrotal sonography: is the finding associated with vasectomy? J Ultrasound Med 30: 1387–1390.
-
10.
Wang Z, Yang Z, Lei YY, Zhang YD, Chen LD, Xie XY, Lu MD, Wang W, 2015. Who is doing the dance in epididymis: the principle of moblile echogenicities without filarial infection: case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 94: e1418.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 564 | 494 | 219 |
| Full Text Views | 1540 | 12 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 328 | 14 | 0 |