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-
1.
Phosuk I, Intapan PM, Sanpool O, Janwan P, Thanchomnang T, Sawanyawisuth K, Morakote N, Maleewong W, 2013. Molecular evidence of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus axei infections in humans from Thailand and Lao PDR. Am J Trop Med Hyg 89: 376–379.
-
2.
Lattes S, Ferte H, Delaunay P, Depaquit J, Vassallo M, Vittier M, Kokcha S, Coulibaly E, Marty P, 2011. Trichostrongylus colubriformis nematode infections in humans, France. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 1301–1302.
-
3.
Thibert JB, Guiguen C, Gangneux JP, 2006. Human trichostrongyloidosis: case report and microscopic difficulties to identify ankylostomidae eggs [in French]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 64: 281–285.
-
4.
Wall EC, Bhatnagar N, Watson J, Doherty T, 2011. An unusual case of hypereosinophilia and abdominal pain: an outbreak of Trichostrongylus imported from New Zealand. J Travel Med 18: 59–60.
-
5.
Yong TS, Lee JH, Sim S, Lee J, Min DY, Chai JY, Eom KS, Sohn WM, Lee SH, Rim HJ, 2007. Differential diagnosis of Trichostrongylus and hookworm eggs via PCR using ITS-1 sequence. Korean J Parasitol 45: 69–74.
-
6.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016. Trichostrongylosis. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/trichostrongylosis/index.html. Accessed July 20, 2017.
-
7.
Buonfrate D, Angheben A, Gobbi F, Mistretta M, Degani M, Bisoffi Z, 2017. Four clusters of Trichostrongylus infection diagnosed in a single center, in Italy. Infection 45: 233–236.
-
8.
Cancrini G, Boemi G, Iori A, Corselli A, 1982. Human infestations by Trichostrongylus axei, T. capricola and T. vitrinus: 1st report in Italy [in Italian]. Parassitologia 24: 145–149.
-
9.
Sato M, Yoonuan T, Sanguankiat S, Nuamtanong S, Pongvongsa T, Phimmayoi I, Phanhanan V, Boupha B, Moji K, Waikagul J, 2011. Short report: human Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in a rural village in Laos. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 52–54.
-
10.
Milhes M et al.., 2017. A real-time PCR approach to identify anthelmintic-resistant nematodes in sheep farms. Parasitol Res 116: 909–920.
-
11.
Amar CF, East CL, Gray J, Iturriza-Gomara M, Maclure EA, McLauchlin J, 2007. Detection by PCR of eight groups of enteric pathogens in 4,627 faecal samples: re-examination of the English case-control Infectious Intestinal Disease Study (1993–1996). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26: 311–323.
-
12.
Bruijnesteijn van Coppenraet LE, Wallinga JA, Ruijs GJ, Bruins MJ, Verweij JJ, 2009. Parasitological diagnosis combining an internally controlled real-time PCR assay for the detection of four protozoa in stool samples with a testing algorithm for microscopy. Clin Microbiol Infect 15: 869–874.
-
13.
Gunson RN, Bennett S, Maclean A, Carman WF, 2008. Using multiplex real time PCR in order to streamline a routine diagnostic service. J Clin Virol 43: 372–375.
-
14.
Liu YT, 2008. A technological update of molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases. Infect Disord Drug Targets 8: 183–188.
-
15.
Muldrew KL, 2009. Molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases. Curr Opin Pediatr 21: 102–111.
-
16.
Verweij JJ, Blange RA, Templeton K, Schinkel J, Brienen EA, van Rooyen MA, van Lieshout L, Polderman AM, 2004. Simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum in fecal samples by using multiplex real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42: 1220–1223.
-
17.
Niesters HG, 2002. Clinical virology in real time. J Clin Virol 25 (Suppl 3): S3–S12.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 344 | 309 | 21 |
| Full Text Views | 736 | 14 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 113 | 7 | 1 |
Assessment of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Trichostrongylus spp. DNA from Human Fecal Samples
Francesca Perandin
Francesca Perandin
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Verona, Italy
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Elena Pomari
Elena Pomari
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Verona, Italy
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Camilla Bonizzi
Camilla Bonizzi
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Verona, Italy
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Manuela Mistretta
Manuela Mistretta
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Verona, Italy
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Fabio Formenti
Fabio Formenti
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Verona, Italy
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Zeno Bisoffi
Zeno Bisoffi
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Verona, Italy
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Sporadic cases of Tricostrongylosis are reported in humans. Diagnosis of enteric Trichostrongylus relies primarily on coproscopic analysis but morphological identification is difficult because of similarity among nematode species. The method is time consuming and requires some expertise. To overcome these limitations, we developed a molecular approach by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to provide a rapid, specific, and sensitive tool to detect Trichostrongylus spp. in human feces. We designed primers and probe specific for Trichostrongylus rDNA region 5.8S and internal transcribed spacer 2. Three Italian family clusters were analyzed and DNA sequencing was performed to confirm real-time PCR results comparing with known GenBank sequence data. Sequence analysis showed ≥ 99% identity to Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus axei. This study provides a molecular methodology suitable for fast and specific detection of Trichostrongylus in fecal specimens and to distinguish the zoonotic species.
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Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Francesca Perandin, Elena Pomari, Camilla Bonizzi, Manuela Mistretta, Fabio Formenti, and Zeno Bisoffi, Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Negrar, Verona, Italy, E-mails: francesca.perandin@sacrocuore.it, elena.pomari@sacrocuore.it, camilla.bonizzi@gmail.com, manuela.mistretta@sacrocuore.it, fabio.formenti@sacrocuore.it, and zeno.bisoffi@sacrocuore.it.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Phosuk I, Intapan PM, Sanpool O, Janwan P, Thanchomnang T, Sawanyawisuth K, Morakote N, Maleewong W, 2013. Molecular evidence of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus axei infections in humans from Thailand and Lao PDR. Am J Trop Med Hyg 89: 376–379.
-
2.
Lattes S, Ferte H, Delaunay P, Depaquit J, Vassallo M, Vittier M, Kokcha S, Coulibaly E, Marty P, 2011. Trichostrongylus colubriformis nematode infections in humans, France. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 1301–1302.
-
3.
Thibert JB, Guiguen C, Gangneux JP, 2006. Human trichostrongyloidosis: case report and microscopic difficulties to identify ankylostomidae eggs [in French]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 64: 281–285.
-
4.
Wall EC, Bhatnagar N, Watson J, Doherty T, 2011. An unusual case of hypereosinophilia and abdominal pain: an outbreak of Trichostrongylus imported from New Zealand. J Travel Med 18: 59–60.
-
5.
Yong TS, Lee JH, Sim S, Lee J, Min DY, Chai JY, Eom KS, Sohn WM, Lee SH, Rim HJ, 2007. Differential diagnosis of Trichostrongylus and hookworm eggs via PCR using ITS-1 sequence. Korean J Parasitol 45: 69–74.
-
6.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016. Trichostrongylosis. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/trichostrongylosis/index.html. Accessed July 20, 2017.
-
7.
Buonfrate D, Angheben A, Gobbi F, Mistretta M, Degani M, Bisoffi Z, 2017. Four clusters of Trichostrongylus infection diagnosed in a single center, in Italy. Infection 45: 233–236.
-
8.
Cancrini G, Boemi G, Iori A, Corselli A, 1982. Human infestations by Trichostrongylus axei, T. capricola and T. vitrinus: 1st report in Italy [in Italian]. Parassitologia 24: 145–149.
-
9.
Sato M, Yoonuan T, Sanguankiat S, Nuamtanong S, Pongvongsa T, Phimmayoi I, Phanhanan V, Boupha B, Moji K, Waikagul J, 2011. Short report: human Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in a rural village in Laos. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 52–54.
-
10.
Milhes M et al.., 2017. A real-time PCR approach to identify anthelmintic-resistant nematodes in sheep farms. Parasitol Res 116: 909–920.
-
11.
Amar CF, East CL, Gray J, Iturriza-Gomara M, Maclure EA, McLauchlin J, 2007. Detection by PCR of eight groups of enteric pathogens in 4,627 faecal samples: re-examination of the English case-control Infectious Intestinal Disease Study (1993–1996). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26: 311–323.
-
12.
Bruijnesteijn van Coppenraet LE, Wallinga JA, Ruijs GJ, Bruins MJ, Verweij JJ, 2009. Parasitological diagnosis combining an internally controlled real-time PCR assay for the detection of four protozoa in stool samples with a testing algorithm for microscopy. Clin Microbiol Infect 15: 869–874.
-
13.
Gunson RN, Bennett S, Maclean A, Carman WF, 2008. Using multiplex real time PCR in order to streamline a routine diagnostic service. J Clin Virol 43: 372–375.
-
14.
Liu YT, 2008. A technological update of molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases. Infect Disord Drug Targets 8: 183–188.
-
15.
Muldrew KL, 2009. Molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases. Curr Opin Pediatr 21: 102–111.
-
16.
Verweij JJ, Blange RA, Templeton K, Schinkel J, Brienen EA, van Rooyen MA, van Lieshout L, Polderman AM, 2004. Simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum in fecal samples by using multiplex real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42: 1220–1223.
-
17.
Niesters HG, 2002. Clinical virology in real time. J Clin Virol 25 (Suppl 3): S3–S12.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 344 | 309 | 21 |
| Full Text Views | 736 | 14 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 113 | 7 | 1 |