ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Scharf D, 1998. Neurocysticercosis. Two hundred thirty-eight cases from a California hospital. Arch Neurol 45: 777–780.
-
2.
Shandera WX, White AC, Chen JC, Diaz P, Armstrong R, 1994. Neurocysticercosis in Houston, Texas. A report of 112 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 73: 37–52.
-
3.
García HH, Gonzalez AE, Evans CAW, Gilman RH, 2003. Taenia solium cysticercosis. Lancet 362: 547–556.
-
4.
Schantz PM, Wilkins PP, Tsang VC, 1998. Immigrants, imaging and immunoblots: the emergence of neurocysticercosis as a significant public health problem. Scheld WM, Craig WA, Hughes JM, eds. Emerging Infections 2. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 213–242.
-
5.
Coyle CM et al. 2012. Neurocysticercosis: neglected but not forgotten. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1500.
-
6.
Bern C, García HH, Evans C, Gonzalez AE, Verastegui M, Tsang VC, Gilman RH, 1999. Magnitude of the disease burden from neurocysticercosis in a developing country. Clin Infect Dis 29: 1203–1209.
-
7.
Del Brutto OH, Nash TE, White AC Jr, Rajshekhar V, Wilkins PP, Singh G, Vasquez CM, Salgado P, Gilman RH, García HH, 2017. Revised diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis. J Neurol Sci 372: 202–210.
-
8.
Garcia-Noval J et al. 1996. Epidemiology of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in two rural Guatemalan communities. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 282–289.
-
9.
Cruz ME, Cruz I, Preux PM, Schantz P, Dumas M, 1995. Headache and cysticercosis in Ecuador, South America. Headache 35: 93–97.
-
10.
Del Brutto OH et al. 2005. Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in Atahualpa: a door-to-door survey in rural coastal Ecuador. Epilepsia 46: 583–587.
-
11.
Montano SM, Villaran MV, Ylquimiche L, Figueroa JJ, Rodriguez S, Bautista CT, Gonzalez AE, Tsang VC, Gilman RH, García HH, 2005. Association between seizures, serology, and brain CT in rural Peru. Neurology 65: 229–233.
-
12.
Fleury A et al. 2003. High prevalence of calcified silent neurocysticercosis in a rural village of Mexico. Neuroepidemiology 22: 139–145.
-
13.
Moyano LM et al. 2016. High prevalence of asymptomatic neurocysticercosis in an endemic rural community in Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0005130.
-
14.
Prasad KN, Verma A, Srivastava S, Gupta RK, Pandey CM, Paliwal VK, 2011. An epidemiological study of asymptomatic neurocysticercosis in a pig farming community in northern India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 105: 531–536.
-
15.
García HH et al. 2003. Hyperendemic human and porcine Taenia solium infection in Perú. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 268–275.
-
16.
Jayashi CM, Arroyo G, Lightowlers MW, García HH, Rodriguez S, Gonzalez AE, 2012. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Taenia solium cysticercosis in rural pigs of northern Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1733.
-
17.
Montano SM et al. 2005. Neurocysticercosis: association between seizures, serology, and brain CT in rural Perú. Neurology 65: 229–233.
-
18.
O’Neal SE, Moyano LM, Ayvar V, Rodriguez S, Gavidia C, Wilkins PP, Gilman RH, García HH, Gonzalez AE; Cysticercosis Working Group in Perú, 2014. Ring-screening to control endemic transmission of Taenia solium. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3125.
-
19.
Placencia M, Sander JW, Shorvon SD, Ellison RH, Cascante SM, 1992. Validation of a screening questionnaire for the detection of epileptic seizures in epidemiological studies. Brain 115: 783–794.
-
20.
Placencia M, Suarez J, Crespo F, Sander JW, Shorvon SD, Ellison RH, Cascante SM, 1992. A large-scale study of epilepsy in Ecuador: methodological aspects. Neuroepidemiology 11: 74–84.
-
21.
Fisher RS et al. 2014. ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia 55: 475–482.
-
22.
Tsang VC, Brand JA, Boyer AE, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium). J Infect Dis 159: 50–59.
-
23.
Wilson M, Bryan RT, Fried JA, Ware DA, Schantz PM, Pilcher JB, Tsang VC, 1991. Clinical evaluation of the cysticercosis enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot in patients with neurocysticercosis. J Infect Dis 164: 1007–1009.
-
24.
Singh G, Kaushal V, Ram S, Kaushal RK, Dhanuka AK, Khurana S, 1999. Cysticercus immunoblot assay in patients with single, small enhancing lesions and multilesional neurocysticercosis. J Assoc Physicians India 47: 476–479.
-
25.
Brandt JR, Geerts S, De Deken R, Kumar V, Ceulemans F, Brijs L, Falla N, 1992. A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the detection of circulating excretory-secretory antigens in Taenia saginata cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 22: 471–477.
-
26.
García HH et al. 2002. Circulating parasite antigen in patients with hydrocephalus secondary to neurocysticercosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 427–430.
-
27.
García HH, Harrison LJS, Parkhouse RM, Montenegro T, Martinez SM, Tsang VC, Gilman RH, 1998. A specific antigen-detection ELISA for the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92: 411–414.
-
28.
García HH, Parkhouse RM, Gilman RH, Montenegro T, Bernal T, Martinez SM, Gonzalez AE, Tsang VC, Harrison LJ, 2000. Serum antigen detection in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of neurocysticercosis patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 673–676.
-
29.
Rodriguez S, Wilkins P, Dorny P, 2012. Immunological and molecular diagnosis of cysticercosis. Pathog Glob Health 106: 286–298.
-
30.
Lerner A, Shiroishi MS, Zee CS, Law M, Go JL, 2012. Imaging of neurocysticercosis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 22: 659–676.
-
31.
Nash TE et al. 2004. Calcific neurocysticercosis and epileptogenesis. Neurology 62: 1934–1938.
-
32.
Newton CR, García HH, 2012. Epilepsy in poor regions of the world. Lancet 380: 1193–1201.
-
33.
García HH, Pretell EJ, Gilman RH, Martinez SM, Moulton LH, Del Brutto OH, Herrera G, Evans CA, Gonzalez AE, 2004. A trial of antiparasitic treatment to reduce the rate of seizures due to cerebral cysticercosis. N Engl J Med 350: 249–258.
-
34.
García HH, Nash TE, Del Brutto OH, 2014. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Lancet Neurol 13: 1202–1215.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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Neurocysticercosis among People Living Near Pigs Heavily Infected with Cysticercosis in Rural Endemic Peru
Brian T. Garvey
Brian T. Garvey
School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, Oregon;
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Luz M. Moyano
Luz M. Moyano
Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru;
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Viterbo Ayvar
Viterbo Ayvar
Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru;
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Silvia Rodriguez
Silvia Rodriguez
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru;
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Robert H. Gilman
Robert H. Gilman
Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;
Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;
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Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;
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Armando E. Gonzalez
Armando E. Gonzalez
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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Hector H. Garcia
Hector H. Garcia
Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru;
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru;
Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;
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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru;
Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;
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Seth E. O’Neal
Seth E. O’Neal
School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, Oregon;
Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru;
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Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru;
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for The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
for The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, Oregon;
Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru;
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru;
Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;
Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru;
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru;
Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;
Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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Neurocysticercosis causes substantial neurologic morbidity in endemic regions around the world. In this cross-sectional study, we describe the frequency of neurocysticercosis among a presumed high-risk group of people in an endemic community in northern Peru. Participants who screened positive on a nine-question seizure survey were evaluated clinically to diagnose epilepsy using International League Against Epilepsy criteria. Those with epilepsy were offered a noncontrast computerized tomography (CT) of the head. We also tested sera from all participants using the lentil lectin-bound glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) to detect anti-cysticercus antibodies and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) B60/B158 to detect cysticercosis antigens. Participants with strongly positive ELISA (ratio ≥ 3) were offered a noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. We diagnosed 16 cases of epilepsy among 527 people screened (lifetime prevalence 30 per 1,000). Twelve with epilepsy accepted CT scan and five (41.7%) had parenchymal calcifications. None had viable cysts. Of the 514 who provided a blood sample, 241 (46.9%) were seropositive by EITB and 12 (2.9%) were strongly positive by ELISA (ratio ≥ 3). Eleven accepted MRI and eight (72.3%) had neurocysticercosis, including five with extraparenchymal cysts, five with parenchymal vesicular cysts, and two with parenchymal granulomas. These findings show that clinically relevant forms of neurocysticercosis and epilepsy can be found by applying screening interventions in communities endemic to Taenia solium. Longitudinal controlled studies are needed to better understand which subgroups are at highest risk and which are most likely to have improved prognosis as a result of screening.
Author Notes
Deceased.
Financial support: This research was made possible with support from the Fogarty International Center (FIC) and the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant number R21NS069275. Additional support was provided by the Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute (OCTRI), grant number 5KL2 RR024141-04 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the NIH and the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Partial support from Training grant TW001140 from the Fogarty International Center in training of study team members is also acknowledged. Partial support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through the Cysticercosis Elimination Demonstration Program is also acknowledged.
Authors’ addresses: Brian T. Garvey and Seth E. O’Neal, School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, OR, E-mails: garveyb@ohsu.edu and oneals@ohsu.edu. Luz M. Moyano and Viterbo Ayvar, Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru, E-mails: luzmariamoyano@gmail.com and viterboayvar@yahoo.es. Robert H. Gilman, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, E-mail: rgilman@jhsph.edu. Armando E. Gonzalez, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru, E-mail: agonza41@jhu.edu. Hector H. Garcia, Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, E-mail: hgarcia1@jhu.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Scharf D, 1998. Neurocysticercosis. Two hundred thirty-eight cases from a California hospital. Arch Neurol 45: 777–780.
-
2.
Shandera WX, White AC, Chen JC, Diaz P, Armstrong R, 1994. Neurocysticercosis in Houston, Texas. A report of 112 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 73: 37–52.
-
3.
García HH, Gonzalez AE, Evans CAW, Gilman RH, 2003. Taenia solium cysticercosis. Lancet 362: 547–556.
-
4.
Schantz PM, Wilkins PP, Tsang VC, 1998. Immigrants, imaging and immunoblots: the emergence of neurocysticercosis as a significant public health problem. Scheld WM, Craig WA, Hughes JM, eds. Emerging Infections 2. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 213–242.
-
5.
Coyle CM et al. 2012. Neurocysticercosis: neglected but not forgotten. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1500.
-
6.
Bern C, García HH, Evans C, Gonzalez AE, Verastegui M, Tsang VC, Gilman RH, 1999. Magnitude of the disease burden from neurocysticercosis in a developing country. Clin Infect Dis 29: 1203–1209.
-
7.
Del Brutto OH, Nash TE, White AC Jr, Rajshekhar V, Wilkins PP, Singh G, Vasquez CM, Salgado P, Gilman RH, García HH, 2017. Revised diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis. J Neurol Sci 372: 202–210.
-
8.
Garcia-Noval J et al. 1996. Epidemiology of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in two rural Guatemalan communities. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 282–289.
-
9.
Cruz ME, Cruz I, Preux PM, Schantz P, Dumas M, 1995. Headache and cysticercosis in Ecuador, South America. Headache 35: 93–97.
-
10.
Del Brutto OH et al. 2005. Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in Atahualpa: a door-to-door survey in rural coastal Ecuador. Epilepsia 46: 583–587.
-
11.
Montano SM, Villaran MV, Ylquimiche L, Figueroa JJ, Rodriguez S, Bautista CT, Gonzalez AE, Tsang VC, Gilman RH, García HH, 2005. Association between seizures, serology, and brain CT in rural Peru. Neurology 65: 229–233.
-
12.
Fleury A et al. 2003. High prevalence of calcified silent neurocysticercosis in a rural village of Mexico. Neuroepidemiology 22: 139–145.
-
13.
Moyano LM et al. 2016. High prevalence of asymptomatic neurocysticercosis in an endemic rural community in Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0005130.
-
14.
Prasad KN, Verma A, Srivastava S, Gupta RK, Pandey CM, Paliwal VK, 2011. An epidemiological study of asymptomatic neurocysticercosis in a pig farming community in northern India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 105: 531–536.
-
15.
García HH et al. 2003. Hyperendemic human and porcine Taenia solium infection in Perú. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 268–275.
-
16.
Jayashi CM, Arroyo G, Lightowlers MW, García HH, Rodriguez S, Gonzalez AE, 2012. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Taenia solium cysticercosis in rural pigs of northern Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1733.
-
17.
Montano SM et al. 2005. Neurocysticercosis: association between seizures, serology, and brain CT in rural Perú. Neurology 65: 229–233.
-
18.
O’Neal SE, Moyano LM, Ayvar V, Rodriguez S, Gavidia C, Wilkins PP, Gilman RH, García HH, Gonzalez AE; Cysticercosis Working Group in Perú, 2014. Ring-screening to control endemic transmission of Taenia solium. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3125.
-
19.
Placencia M, Sander JW, Shorvon SD, Ellison RH, Cascante SM, 1992. Validation of a screening questionnaire for the detection of epileptic seizures in epidemiological studies. Brain 115: 783–794.
-
20.
Placencia M, Suarez J, Crespo F, Sander JW, Shorvon SD, Ellison RH, Cascante SM, 1992. A large-scale study of epilepsy in Ecuador: methodological aspects. Neuroepidemiology 11: 74–84.
-
21.
Fisher RS et al. 2014. ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia 55: 475–482.
-
22.
Tsang VC, Brand JA, Boyer AE, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium). J Infect Dis 159: 50–59.
-
23.
Wilson M, Bryan RT, Fried JA, Ware DA, Schantz PM, Pilcher JB, Tsang VC, 1991. Clinical evaluation of the cysticercosis enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot in patients with neurocysticercosis. J Infect Dis 164: 1007–1009.
-
24.
Singh G, Kaushal V, Ram S, Kaushal RK, Dhanuka AK, Khurana S, 1999. Cysticercus immunoblot assay in patients with single, small enhancing lesions and multilesional neurocysticercosis. J Assoc Physicians India 47: 476–479.
-
25.
Brandt JR, Geerts S, De Deken R, Kumar V, Ceulemans F, Brijs L, Falla N, 1992. A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the detection of circulating excretory-secretory antigens in Taenia saginata cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 22: 471–477.
-
26.
García HH et al. 2002. Circulating parasite antigen in patients with hydrocephalus secondary to neurocysticercosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 427–430.
-
27.
García HH, Harrison LJS, Parkhouse RM, Montenegro T, Martinez SM, Tsang VC, Gilman RH, 1998. A specific antigen-detection ELISA for the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92: 411–414.
-
28.
García HH, Parkhouse RM, Gilman RH, Montenegro T, Bernal T, Martinez SM, Gonzalez AE, Tsang VC, Harrison LJ, 2000. Serum antigen detection in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of neurocysticercosis patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 673–676.
-
29.
Rodriguez S, Wilkins P, Dorny P, 2012. Immunological and molecular diagnosis of cysticercosis. Pathog Glob Health 106: 286–298.
-
30.
Lerner A, Shiroishi MS, Zee CS, Law M, Go JL, 2012. Imaging of neurocysticercosis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 22: 659–676.
-
31.
Nash TE et al. 2004. Calcific neurocysticercosis and epileptogenesis. Neurology 62: 1934–1938.
-
32.
Newton CR, García HH, 2012. Epilepsy in poor regions of the world. Lancet 380: 1193–1201.
-
33.
García HH, Pretell EJ, Gilman RH, Martinez SM, Moulton LH, Del Brutto OH, Herrera G, Evans CA, Gonzalez AE, 2004. A trial of antiparasitic treatment to reduce the rate of seizures due to cerebral cysticercosis. N Engl J Med 350: 249–258.
-
34.
García HH, Nash TE, Del Brutto OH, 2014. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Lancet Neurol 13: 1202–1215.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 705 | 625 | 73 |
| Full Text Views | 807 | 20 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 282 | 15 | 1 |