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RefWorks
Reference Manager
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-
1.
Alvar J, Velez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M; WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team, 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PloS One7: e35671.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2010. Control of Leishmaniasis: Report of Who Expert Committee. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1–15.
-
3.
Boaventura VS, Café V, Costa JML, Oliveira F, Bafica ALB, Rosato AB, Freitas LAR, Brodskyn CI, Barral MN, Barral AMP, 2006. Short report: concomitant early mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 267–269.
-
4.
Osorio LE, Castillo CM, Ochoa MT, 1998. Mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis in Colombia: clinical characteristics. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 49–52.
-
5.
Lessa MM, Lessa HA, Oliveira A, Castro TWN, Scherifer A, Machado P, 2007. Mucosal leishmaniasis: epidemiological and clinical aspects. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol 73: 843–847.
-
6.
Marsden PD, Llanos-Cuentas A, Lago EL, Cuba-Cuba AC, Barreto AC, Costa JM, Jones TC, 1984. Human mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Três Braços, Bahia, Brazil. An area of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis transmission. III. Mucosal disease: presentation and initial evolution. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 17: 179–186.
-
7.
Falqueto A, Sessa PA, Ferreira AL, Vieira VP, Santos CB, Varejão JBM, Cupolillo E, Porrozzi R, Carvallho-Paes LE, Grimaldi G Jr, 2003. Epidemiological and clinical features of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98: 1003–1010.
-
8.
Jones TC, et al.., 1987. Epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. J Infect Dis 156: 73–83.
-
9.
Jirmanus L, Glesby MJ, Guimarães LH, Lago E, Rosa ME, Machado PR, Carvalho EM, 2012. Epidemiological and clinical changes in American tegumentary leishmaniasis in an area of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis transmission over a 20-year period. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 426–433.
-
10.
Osório RC, et al.., 2009. Tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania Viannia braziliensis in genital organs. Gaz Méd Bahia 79 (Suppl 3) : 91–94.
-
11.
Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, 2007. Manual da Vigilância da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana, 2a edição. Brasília (DF): Editora do Ministério da Saúde.
-
12.
García Bustos MF, et al.., 2015. Clinical and epidemiological features of leishmaniasis in northwestern-Argentina through a retrospective analysis of recent cases. Acta Trop 154: 125–132.
-
13.
Reed SG, Badaró R, Masur H, Carvalho EM, Lorenco R, Lisboa A, Teixeira R, Johnson WD Jr, Jones TC, 1986. Selection of a skin test antigen for American visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35: 79–85.
-
14.
Turetz ML, Machado PR, Ko AI, Alves F, Bittencourt A, Almeida RP, Mobashery N, Johnson WD Jr, Carvalho EM, 2002. Disseminated leishmaniasis: a new and emerging form of leishmaniasis observed in northeastern Brazil. J Infect Dis 186: 1829–1834.
-
15.
Carvalho EM, Barral A, Costa JM, Bittencourt A, Marsden P, 1994. Clinical and immunopathological aspects of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 56: 315–325.
-
16.
Lessa HA, Lessa MM, Guimarães Lima CM, Arruda S, Machado PR, Carvalho EM, 2012. A proposed new clinical staging system for patients with mucosal leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 106: 376–381.
-
17.
Silveira FT, Lainson R, Brito AC, Oliveira MRF, Paes MG, Souza AAA, Silva BM, 1997. Leishmaniose tegumentar Americana. In: Leão RNQ. Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias: Enfoque Amazônico. Belém: Editora CEJUP.
-
18.
Osorio LE, Castillo CM, Ochoa MT, 1998. Mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis in Colombia: clinical characteristics. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 49–52.
-
19.
Marsden PD, 1994. Mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis L(V)b in Três Braços, Bahia-Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 27: 93–101.
-
20.
Franke CR, Ziller M, Staubach C, Latif M, 2002. Impact of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation on visceral leishmaniasis, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 914–917.
-
21.
Rebêlo JM, 2008. El Niño episodes and temporal distribution of kala azar on São Luís island, Maranhão State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 24: 1713–1714.
-
22.
Lewnard JA, Jirmanus L, Júnior NN, Machado PR, Glesby MJ, Ko AI, Carvalho EM, Schriefer A, Weinberger DM, 2014. Forecasting temporal dynamics of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil. PLOS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3283.
-
23.
Schriefer A, et al.., 2004. Multiclonal Leishmania braziliensis population structure and its clinical implication in a region of endemicity for American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Infect Immun 72: 508–514.
-
24.
Carvalho AM, Amorim CF, Barbosa JLS, Lago AS, Carvalho EM, 2015. Age modifies the immunologic response and clinical presentation of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 1173–1177.
-
25.
Machado PRL, Lessa H, Lessa M, Guimarães LH, Bang H, Ho JL, Carvalho EM, 2007. Oral pentoxifylline combined with pentavalent antimony: a randomized trial for mucosal leishmaniasis. Clin Infect Dis 44: 788–793.
-
26.
Queiroz A, Souza R, Heline C, Cardoso M, Guimarães LH, Machado PRL, Carvalho EM, Riley LW, Wilson ME, Shriefer A, 2012. Association between an emerging disseminated form of Leishmaniasis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis strain polymorphisms. J Clin Microbiol 50: 4028–4034.
-
27.
Muniz AC, Bacellar O, Lago EL, Carvalho AM, Carneiro PP, Guimarães LH, Rocha PN, Carvalho LP, Glesby M, Carvalho EM, 2016. Immunologic markers of protection in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection: a 5-year cohort study. J Infect Dis214: 570–576.
-
29.
Ives A, et al.., 2011. Leishmania RNA virus controls the severity of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Science 331: 775–778.
-
30.
Cantanhêde LM, da Silva Júnior CF, Ito MM, Felipin KP, Nicolete R, Salcedo JM, Porrozzi R, Cupolillo E, Ferreira R de G, 2015. Further evidence of an association between the presence of Leishmania RNA virus 1 and the mucosal manifestations in tegumentary leishmaniasis patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15: e0004079.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 535 | 442 | 62 |
| Full Text Views | 653 | 11 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 265 | 10 | 1 |
Mucosal leishmaniasis: A Retrospective Study of 327 Cases from an Endemic Area of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis
Carolina Cincurá
Carolina Cincurá
Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
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Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
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Clara Mônica F. de Lima
Clara Mônica F. de Lima
Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
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Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
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Paulo R. L. Machado
Paulo R. L. Machado
Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
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Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
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Jamary Oliveira-Filho
Jamary Oliveira-Filho
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
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Marshall J. Glesby
Marshall J. Glesby
Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
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Marcus M. Lessa
Marcus M. Lessa
Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
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Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
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Edgar M. Carvalho
Edgar M. Carvalho
Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil;
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Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
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Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) is observed only in about 3% of patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) but has a high potential for destructive, disfiguring, and disabling sequelae. Prior reports of clinical and epidemiologic features of ML are limited by small numbers of cases. In this study, we evaluated changes in the demographic features and clinical presentation of ML in an endemic area of Leishmania braziliensis transmission over a period of 20 years. The charts of 327 patients with ML diagnosed between 1995 and 2014 were reviewed. The majority of patients (67%) were male. Age ranged from 8 months to 103 years, with a median age of 38.5 years (interquartile range: 22–58 years). The greatest number of patients was between 19 and 39 years (31%). Over the study period, there was an increase in patients with ML more than 60 years of age, an increase in ML with concomitant cutaneous lesions, a decrease in the period of time between the documentation of cutaneous lesions and the diagnosis of mucosal disease, and an increase in the frequency of patients presenting with stage I and V of ML. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between severity of mucosal disease and both age and the period of time between cutaneous lesion and mucosal disease. Response to therapy of ML remained similar over a period of 20 years. Despite the improvement in medical care during the study period, the prevalence of ML did not change and severe disease continues to be a major challenge for the management of these patients.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant AI30639.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Authors’ addresses: Carolina Cincurá, Clara Mônica F. de Lima, Paulo R. L. Machado, Marcus M. Lessa, and Edgar M. Carvalho, Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, E-mails: carolcincura@hotmail.com, claramonicaorl@gmail.com, prlmachado@uol.com.br, marcusmlessa@gmail.com, and edgar@ufba.br. Marshall J. Glesby, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, E-mail: mag2005@med.cornell.edu. Jamary Oliveira-Filho, Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Largo do Terreiro de Jesus, s/n, Centro Histórico, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, E-mail: joliveirafilho@yahoo.com.
Reprint requests: Edgar M. Carvalho, Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua João das Botas s/n, Canela, 40110-160, Brazil, E-mail: edgar@ufba.br or imuno@ufba.br.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Alvar J, Velez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M; WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team, 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PloS One7: e35671.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2010. Control of Leishmaniasis: Report of Who Expert Committee. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1–15.
-
3.
Boaventura VS, Café V, Costa JML, Oliveira F, Bafica ALB, Rosato AB, Freitas LAR, Brodskyn CI, Barral MN, Barral AMP, 2006. Short report: concomitant early mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 267–269.
-
4.
Osorio LE, Castillo CM, Ochoa MT, 1998. Mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis in Colombia: clinical characteristics. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 49–52.
-
5.
Lessa MM, Lessa HA, Oliveira A, Castro TWN, Scherifer A, Machado P, 2007. Mucosal leishmaniasis: epidemiological and clinical aspects. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol 73: 843–847.
-
6.
Marsden PD, Llanos-Cuentas A, Lago EL, Cuba-Cuba AC, Barreto AC, Costa JM, Jones TC, 1984. Human mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Três Braços, Bahia, Brazil. An area of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis transmission. III. Mucosal disease: presentation and initial evolution. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 17: 179–186.
-
7.
Falqueto A, Sessa PA, Ferreira AL, Vieira VP, Santos CB, Varejão JBM, Cupolillo E, Porrozzi R, Carvallho-Paes LE, Grimaldi G Jr, 2003. Epidemiological and clinical features of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98: 1003–1010.
-
8.
Jones TC, et al.., 1987. Epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. J Infect Dis 156: 73–83.
-
9.
Jirmanus L, Glesby MJ, Guimarães LH, Lago E, Rosa ME, Machado PR, Carvalho EM, 2012. Epidemiological and clinical changes in American tegumentary leishmaniasis in an area of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis transmission over a 20-year period. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 426–433.
-
10.
Osório RC, et al.., 2009. Tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania Viannia braziliensis in genital organs. Gaz Méd Bahia 79 (Suppl 3) : 91–94.
-
11.
Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, 2007. Manual da Vigilância da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana, 2a edição. Brasília (DF): Editora do Ministério da Saúde.
-
12.
García Bustos MF, et al.., 2015. Clinical and epidemiological features of leishmaniasis in northwestern-Argentina through a retrospective analysis of recent cases. Acta Trop 154: 125–132.
-
13.
Reed SG, Badaró R, Masur H, Carvalho EM, Lorenco R, Lisboa A, Teixeira R, Johnson WD Jr, Jones TC, 1986. Selection of a skin test antigen for American visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35: 79–85.
-
14.
Turetz ML, Machado PR, Ko AI, Alves F, Bittencourt A, Almeida RP, Mobashery N, Johnson WD Jr, Carvalho EM, 2002. Disseminated leishmaniasis: a new and emerging form of leishmaniasis observed in northeastern Brazil. J Infect Dis 186: 1829–1834.
-
15.
Carvalho EM, Barral A, Costa JM, Bittencourt A, Marsden P, 1994. Clinical and immunopathological aspects of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 56: 315–325.
-
16.
Lessa HA, Lessa MM, Guimarães Lima CM, Arruda S, Machado PR, Carvalho EM, 2012. A proposed new clinical staging system for patients with mucosal leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 106: 376–381.
-
17.
Silveira FT, Lainson R, Brito AC, Oliveira MRF, Paes MG, Souza AAA, Silva BM, 1997. Leishmaniose tegumentar Americana. In: Leão RNQ. Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias: Enfoque Amazônico. Belém: Editora CEJUP.
-
18.
Osorio LE, Castillo CM, Ochoa MT, 1998. Mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis in Colombia: clinical characteristics. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 49–52.
-
19.
Marsden PD, 1994. Mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis L(V)b in Três Braços, Bahia-Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 27: 93–101.
-
20.
Franke CR, Ziller M, Staubach C, Latif M, 2002. Impact of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation on visceral leishmaniasis, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 914–917.
-
21.
Rebêlo JM, 2008. El Niño episodes and temporal distribution of kala azar on São Luís island, Maranhão State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 24: 1713–1714.
-
22.
Lewnard JA, Jirmanus L, Júnior NN, Machado PR, Glesby MJ, Ko AI, Carvalho EM, Schriefer A, Weinberger DM, 2014. Forecasting temporal dynamics of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil. PLOS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3283.
-
23.
Schriefer A, et al.., 2004. Multiclonal Leishmania braziliensis population structure and its clinical implication in a region of endemicity for American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Infect Immun 72: 508–514.
-
24.
Carvalho AM, Amorim CF, Barbosa JLS, Lago AS, Carvalho EM, 2015. Age modifies the immunologic response and clinical presentation of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 1173–1177.
-
25.
Machado PRL, Lessa H, Lessa M, Guimarães LH, Bang H, Ho JL, Carvalho EM, 2007. Oral pentoxifylline combined with pentavalent antimony: a randomized trial for mucosal leishmaniasis. Clin Infect Dis 44: 788–793.
-
26.
Queiroz A, Souza R, Heline C, Cardoso M, Guimarães LH, Machado PRL, Carvalho EM, Riley LW, Wilson ME, Shriefer A, 2012. Association between an emerging disseminated form of Leishmaniasis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis strain polymorphisms. J Clin Microbiol 50: 4028–4034.
-
27.
Muniz AC, Bacellar O, Lago EL, Carvalho AM, Carneiro PP, Guimarães LH, Rocha PN, Carvalho LP, Glesby M, Carvalho EM, 2016. Immunologic markers of protection in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection: a 5-year cohort study. J Infect Dis214: 570–576.
-
29.
Ives A, et al.., 2011. Leishmania RNA virus controls the severity of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Science 331: 775–778.
-
30.
Cantanhêde LM, da Silva Júnior CF, Ito MM, Felipin KP, Nicolete R, Salcedo JM, Porrozzi R, Cupolillo E, Ferreira R de G, 2015. Further evidence of an association between the presence of Leishmania RNA virus 1 and the mucosal manifestations in tegumentary leishmaniasis patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15: e0004079.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 535 | 442 | 62 |
| Full Text Views | 653 | 11 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 265 | 10 | 1 |