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Reference Manager
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1.
Tognotti E, 2013. Lessons from the history of quarantine, from plague to influenza A. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 254–259.
-
2.
Charrel RN, de Lamballerie X, Raoult D, 2007. Chikungunya outbreaks–the globalization of vectorborne diseases. N Engl J Med 356: 769–771.
-
3.
Baize S, Pannetier D, Oestereich L, Rieger T, Koivogui L, Magassouba N, Soropogui B, Sow MS, Keïta S, De Clerck H, Tiffany A, Dominguez G, Loua M, Traoré A, Kolié M, Malano ER, Heleze E, Bocquin A, Mély S, Raoul H, Caro V, Cadar D, Gabriel M, Pahlmann M, Tappe D, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Impouma B, Diallo AK, Formenty P, Van Herp M, Günther S, 2014. Emergence of Zaire Ebola virus disease in Guinea. N Engl J Med 371: 1418–1425.
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Pillet S, Berthelot P, Gagneux-Brunon A, Mory O, Gay C, Viallon A, Lucht F, Pozzetto B, Botelho-Nevers E, 2015. Contamination of healthcare workers' mobile phones by epidemic viruses. Clin Microbiol Infect 22: 456-e1–6.
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5.
Wotodjo AN, Diagne N, Gaudart J, Richard V, Raoult D, Sokhna C, 2015. Malaria risk factors in Dielmo, a Senegalese malaria-endemic village, between October and November of 2013: a case-control study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 565–568.
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6.
Neuberger A, Paul M, Nizar A, Raoult D, 2013. Modelling in infectious diseases: between haphazard and hazard. Clin Microbiol Infect 19: 993–998.
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Raoult D, 2011. Microbe interactions undermine predictions. Science 331: 144–145.
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Raoult D, 2011. Molecular, epidemiological, and clinical complexities of predicting patterns of infectious diseases. Front Microbiol 2: 25.
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Colson P, Rolain JM, Abat C, Charrel R, Fournier PE, Raoult D, 2015. EPIMIC: a simple homemade computer program for real-time EPIdemiological surveillance and alert based on MICrobiological data. PLoS One 10: e0144178.
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Sokhna C, Mediannikov O, Fenollar F, Bassene H, Diatta G, Tall A, Trape JF, Drancourt M, Raoult D, 2013. Point-of-care laboratory of pathogen diagnosis in rural Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e1999.
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Motorcycles, Cell Phones, and Electricity Can Dramatically Change the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease in Africa
Jean-Christophe Lagier
Jean-Christophe Lagier
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Campus International UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Senegal.
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Cheikh Sokhna
Cheikh Sokhna
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Campus International UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Senegal.
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Didier Raoult
Didier Raoult
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France.
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Some observations and recent publications demonstrated, particularly in Africa, the potential influence that low-cost motorcycles, cell phones, and even widespread electrification could have on the evolution of infectious diseases, particularly zoonoses. Our reflections support the conclusion that we should focus on the real-time surveillance systems including alerting systems leading to a rapid and flexible response rather than the strongly limited modeling of infectious diseases because of the continuous evolution of microorganisms, as well as changes in the environment and human habits that are unpredictable.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Jean-Christophe Lagier and Cheikh Sokhna, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Campus International UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Senegal, E-mails: jclagier@yahoo.fr and cheikh.sokhna@ird.fr. Didier Raoult, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France, E-mail: didier.raoult@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Tognotti E, 2013. Lessons from the history of quarantine, from plague to influenza A. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 254–259.
-
2.
Charrel RN, de Lamballerie X, Raoult D, 2007. Chikungunya outbreaks–the globalization of vectorborne diseases. N Engl J Med 356: 769–771.
-
3.
Baize S, Pannetier D, Oestereich L, Rieger T, Koivogui L, Magassouba N, Soropogui B, Sow MS, Keïta S, De Clerck H, Tiffany A, Dominguez G, Loua M, Traoré A, Kolié M, Malano ER, Heleze E, Bocquin A, Mély S, Raoul H, Caro V, Cadar D, Gabriel M, Pahlmann M, Tappe D, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Impouma B, Diallo AK, Formenty P, Van Herp M, Günther S, 2014. Emergence of Zaire Ebola virus disease in Guinea. N Engl J Med 371: 1418–1425.
-
4.
Pillet S, Berthelot P, Gagneux-Brunon A, Mory O, Gay C, Viallon A, Lucht F, Pozzetto B, Botelho-Nevers E, 2015. Contamination of healthcare workers' mobile phones by epidemic viruses. Clin Microbiol Infect 22: 456-e1–6.
-
5.
Wotodjo AN, Diagne N, Gaudart J, Richard V, Raoult D, Sokhna C, 2015. Malaria risk factors in Dielmo, a Senegalese malaria-endemic village, between October and November of 2013: a case-control study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 565–568.
-
6.
Neuberger A, Paul M, Nizar A, Raoult D, 2013. Modelling in infectious diseases: between haphazard and hazard. Clin Microbiol Infect 19: 993–998.
-
7.
Raoult D, 2011. Microbe interactions undermine predictions. Science 331: 144–145.
-
8.
Raoult D, 2011. Molecular, epidemiological, and clinical complexities of predicting patterns of infectious diseases. Front Microbiol 2: 25.
-
9.
Colson P, Rolain JM, Abat C, Charrel R, Fournier PE, Raoult D, 2015. EPIMIC: a simple homemade computer program for real-time EPIdemiological surveillance and alert based on MICrobiological data. PLoS One 10: e0144178.
-
10.
Sokhna C, Mediannikov O, Fenollar F, Bassene H, Diatta G, Tall A, Trape JF, Drancourt M, Raoult D, 2013. Point-of-care laboratory of pathogen diagnosis in rural Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e1999.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 240 | 210 | 12 |
| Full Text Views | 256 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 82 | 7 | 0 |