ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Saksirisampant W, Nuchprayoon S, Wiwanitkit V, Yenthakam S, Ampavasiri A, 2003. Intestinal parasitic infestations among children in an orphanage in Pathum Thani province. J Med Assoc Thai 86: 263–270.
-
2.
Boondit J, Pipatsatitpong D, Mungthin M, Taamasri P, Tan-ariya P, Naaglor T, Leelayoova S, 2014. Incidence and risk factors of Blastocystis infection in orphans at the Babies' Home, Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 97 (Suppl 2): S52–S59.
-
3.
Thathaisong U, Siripattanapipong S, Mungthin M, Pipatsatitpong D, Tan-Ariya P, Naaglor T, Leelayoova S, 2012. Identification of Blastocystis subtype 1 variants in the Home for Girls, Bangkok, Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88: 352–358.
-
4.
Jantermtor S, Pinlaor P, Sawadpanich K, Pinlaor S, Sangka A, Wilailuckana C, Wongsena W, Yoshikawa H, 2013. Subtype identification of Blastocystis spp. isolated from patients in a major hospital in northeastern Thailand. Parasitol Res 112: 1781–1786.
-
5.
Leelayoova S, Siripattanapipong S, Thathaisong U, Naaglor T, Taamasri P, Piyaraj P, Mungthin M, 2008. Drinking water: a possible source of Blastocystis spp. subtype 1 infection in schoolchildren of a rural community in central Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 401–406.
-
6.
Al FD, Hokelek M, 2007. Is Blastocystis hominis an opportunist agent? Turkiye Parazitol Derg 31: 28–36.
-
7.
Hussein EM, Hussein AM, Eida MM, Atwa MM, 2008. Pathophysiological variability of different genotypes of human Blastocystis hominis Egyptian isolates in experimentally infected rats. Parasitol Res 102: 853–860.
-
8.
Abdulsalam AM, Ithoi I, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ahmed A, Surin J, Mak JW, 2012. Drinking water is a significant predictor of Blastocystis infection among rural Malaysian primary schoolchildren. Parasitology 139: 1014–1020.
-
9.
Lee IL, Tan TC, Tan PC, Nanthiney DR, Biraj MK, Surendra KM, Suresh KG, 2012. Predominance of Blastocystis sp. subtype 4 in rural communities, Nepal. Parasitol Res 110: 1553–1562.
-
10.
Yoshikawa H, Abe N, Iwasawa M, Kitano S, Nagano I, Wu Z, Takahashi Y, 2000. Genomic analysis of Blastocystis hominis strains isolated from two long-term health care facilities. J Clin Microbiol 38: 1324–1330.
-
11.
Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 2009. INMU ThaiGrowth. Available at: http://www.inmu.mahidol.ac.th/thaigrowth/. Accessed September 1, 2009.
-
12.
World Health Organization, 2005. The Treatment of Diarrhoea: A Manual for Physicians and Other Senior Health Workers. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press, 3–43.
-
13.
Yaicharoen R, Ngrenngarmlert W, Wongjindanon N, Sripochang S, Kiatfuengfoo R, 2006. Infection of Blastocystis hominis in primary schoolchildren from Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand. Trop Biomed 23: 117–122.
-
14.
Rayan P, Verghese S, McDonnell P, 2010. Geographical location and age affects the incidence of parasitic infestations in school children. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 53: 498–502.
-
15.
Leelayoova S, Taamasri P, Rangsin R, Naaglor T, Thathaisong U, Mungthin M, 2002. In-vitro cultivation: a sensitive method for detecting Blastocystis hominis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 96: 803–807.
-
16.
Roberts T, Barratt J, Harkness J, Ellis J, Stark D, 2011. Comparison of microscopy, culture, and conventional polymerase chain reaction for detection of Blastocystis sp. in clinical stool samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 308–312.
-
17.
El Safadi D, Gaayeb L, Meloni D, Cian A, Poirier P, Wawrzyniak I, Delbac F, Dabboussi F, Delhaes L, Seck M, Hamze M, Riveau G, Viscogliosi E, 2014. Children of Senegal River Basin show the highest prevalence of Blastocystis sp. ever observed worldwide. BMC Infect Dis 14: 164–174.
-
18.
Yoshikawa H, Dogruman-Ai F, Turk S, Kustimur S, Balaban N, Sultan N, 2011. Evaluation of DNA extraction kits for molecular diagnosis of human Blastocystis subtypes from fecal samples. Parasitol Res 109: 1045–1050.
-
19.
Yaicharoen R, Sripochang S, Sermsart B, Pidetcha P, 2005. Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis infection in asymptomatic individuals from Bangkok, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 36: 17–20.
-
20.
Abdulsalam AM, Ithoi I, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ahmed A, Surin J, Mak JW, 2012. Drinking water is a significant predictor of Blastocystis infection among rural Malaysian primary schoolchildren. Parasitology 139: 1014–1020.
-
21.
Anuar TS, Ghani MK, Azreen SN, Salleh FM, Moktar N, 2013. Blastocystis infection in Malaysia: evidence of waterborne and human-to-human transmissions among the Proto-Malay, Negrito and Senoi tribes of Orang Asli. Parasit Vectors 6: 40–51.
-
22.
Suresh K, Venilla G, Tan T, Rohela M, 2009. In vivo encystation of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res 104: 1373–1380.
-
23.
Zhou XB, Zhang X, Qiao JY, Cai J, Cheng S, Yuan Y, Li J, 2010. Encystation-survival of Blastocystis hominis in immunocompetent mice abdomen cavity. Parasitol Res 106: 1315–1320.
-
24.
Alemu A, Shiferaw Y, Getnet G, Yalew A, Addis Z, 2011. Opportunistic and other intestinal parasites among HIV/AIDS patients attending Gambi higher clinic in Bahir Dar city, north west Ethiopia. Asian Pac J Trop Med 4: 661–665.
-
25.
Kulkarni SV, Kairon R, Sane SS, Padmawar PS, Kale VA, Thakar MR, Mehendale SM, Risbud AR, 2009. Opportunistic parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients presenting with diarrhoea by the level of immunesuppression. Indian J Med Res 130: 63–66.
-
26.
Hailemariam G, Kassu A, Abebe G, Abate E, Damte D, Mekonnen E, Ota F, 2004. Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS and HIV seronegative individuals in a teaching hospital, Ethiopia. Jpn J Infect Dis 57: 41–43.
-
27.
Teklemariam Z, Abate D, Mitiku H, Dessie Y, 2013. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among HIV positive persons who are naive and on antiretroviral treatment in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, eastern Ethiopia. ISRN AIDS 11: 324329.
-
28.
Adamu H, Wegayehu T, Petros B, 2013. High prevalence of diarrhoegenic intestinal parasite infections among non-ART HIV patients in Fitche Hospital, Ethiopia. PLoS One 8: 72634.
-
29.
Tian LG, Chen JX, Wang TP, Cheng GJ, Steinmann P, Wang FF, Cai YC, Yin XM, Guo J, Zhou L, Zhou XN, 2012. Co-infection of HIV and intestinal parasites in rural area of China. Parasit Vectors 5: 36.
-
30.
Nielsen NO, Simonsen PE, Magnussen P, Magesa S, Friis H, 2006. Cross-sectional relationship between HIV, lymphatic filariasis and other parasitic infections in adults in coastal northeastern Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100: 543–550.
-
31.
Nielsen NO, Friis H, Magnussen P, Krarup H, Magesa S, 2007. Co-infection with subclinical HIV and Wuchereria bancrofti, and the role of malaria and hookworms, in adult Tanzanians: infection intensities, CD4/CD8 counts and cytokine responses. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 602–612.
-
32.
Pipatsatitpong D, Rangsin R, Leelayoova S, Naaglor T, Mungthin M, 2012. Incidence and risk factors of Blastocystis infection in an orphanage in Bangkok, Thailand. Parasit Vectors 5: 37.
-
33.
Thathaisong U, Worapong J, Mungthin M, Tan-Ariya P, Viputtigul K, Sudatis A, Noonai A, Leelayoova S, 2003. Blastocystis isolates from a pig and a horse are closely related to Blastocystis hominis. J Clin Microbiol 41: 967–975.
-
34.
Parkar U, Traub RJ, Kumar S, Mungthin M, Vitali S, Leelayoova S, Morris K, Thompson RC, 2007. Direct characterization of Blastocystis from faeces by PCR and evidence of zoonotic potential. Parasitology 134: 359–367.
-
35.
Tan TC, Suresh KG, Smith HV, 2008. Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Blastocystis hominis isolates implicates subtype 3 as a subtype with pathogenic potential. Parasitol Res 104: 85–93.
-
36.
Elwakil HS, Talaat RM, 2009. Genetic analysis of Blastocystis hominis isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic human hosts in Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 39: 99–109.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 679 | 584 | 67 |
| Full Text Views | 688 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 110 | 3 | 0 |
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Blastocystis Infection Among Children and Caregivers in a Child Care Center, Bangkok, Thailand
Duangnate Pipatsatitpong
Duangnate Pipatsatitpong
Department of Medical Technology and Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
Search for other papers by Duangnate Pipatsatitpong in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Duangnate Pipatsatitpong in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Saovanee Leelayoova
Saovanee Leelayoova
Department of Medical Technology and Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
Search for other papers by Saovanee Leelayoova in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Saovanee Leelayoova in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Mathirut Mungthin
Mathirut Mungthin
Department of Medical Technology and Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
Search for other papers by Mathirut Mungthin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mathirut Mungthin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Ratchaneewan Aunpad
Ratchaneewan Aunpad
Department of Medical Technology and Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
Search for other papers by Ratchaneewan Aunpad in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ratchaneewan Aunpad in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Tawee Naaglor
Tawee Naaglor
Department of Medical Technology and Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
Search for other papers by Tawee Naaglor in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Tawee Naaglor in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Ram Rangsin
Ram Rangsin
Department of Medical Technology and Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
Search for other papers by Ram Rangsin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ram Rangsin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
In September 2009, a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate parasitic infections in a child care center in Khlong Toei, Bangkok, Thailand. Of 503 children and staff members, 258 (51.3%) stool samples and questionnaires were obtained. The most common parasitic infection was Blastocystis sp. (13.6%). Blastocystis sp. subtype 3 was predominantly found (80.0%), followed by subtypes 2 (12.0%) and 1 (8.0%). The prevalence of Blastocystis infection varied among different age groups. The prevalence of Blastocystis infection in non-HIV-infected children aged < 10 and 10–19 years were 14.5% and 10.3%, respectively, which were not significantly different. All 31 HIV-infected children were not infected with Blastocystis sp. The most likely reason could be the result of properly using prevention measures for this specific group.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was financially supported by research grants from Thammasat University, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine Research Fund, and the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) in Thailand.
Authors' addresses: Duangnate Pipatsatitpong, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand, E-mail: duangnate_pipat@hotmail.com. Ram Rangsin, Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: rrangsin@pcm.ac.th. Saovanee Leelayoova, Mathirut Mungthin, and Tawee Naaglor, Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mails: s_leelayoova@scientist.com, mathirut@hotmail.com, and tawee_narkloar@hotmail.com. Ratchaneewan Aunpad, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand, E-mail: aunpad@yahoo.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Saksirisampant W, Nuchprayoon S, Wiwanitkit V, Yenthakam S, Ampavasiri A, 2003. Intestinal parasitic infestations among children in an orphanage in Pathum Thani province. J Med Assoc Thai 86: 263–270.
-
2.
Boondit J, Pipatsatitpong D, Mungthin M, Taamasri P, Tan-ariya P, Naaglor T, Leelayoova S, 2014. Incidence and risk factors of Blastocystis infection in orphans at the Babies' Home, Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 97 (Suppl 2): S52–S59.
-
3.
Thathaisong U, Siripattanapipong S, Mungthin M, Pipatsatitpong D, Tan-Ariya P, Naaglor T, Leelayoova S, 2012. Identification of Blastocystis subtype 1 variants in the Home for Girls, Bangkok, Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88: 352–358.
-
4.
Jantermtor S, Pinlaor P, Sawadpanich K, Pinlaor S, Sangka A, Wilailuckana C, Wongsena W, Yoshikawa H, 2013. Subtype identification of Blastocystis spp. isolated from patients in a major hospital in northeastern Thailand. Parasitol Res 112: 1781–1786.
-
5.
Leelayoova S, Siripattanapipong S, Thathaisong U, Naaglor T, Taamasri P, Piyaraj P, Mungthin M, 2008. Drinking water: a possible source of Blastocystis spp. subtype 1 infection in schoolchildren of a rural community in central Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 401–406.
-
6.
Al FD, Hokelek M, 2007. Is Blastocystis hominis an opportunist agent? Turkiye Parazitol Derg 31: 28–36.
-
7.
Hussein EM, Hussein AM, Eida MM, Atwa MM, 2008. Pathophysiological variability of different genotypes of human Blastocystis hominis Egyptian isolates in experimentally infected rats. Parasitol Res 102: 853–860.
-
8.
Abdulsalam AM, Ithoi I, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ahmed A, Surin J, Mak JW, 2012. Drinking water is a significant predictor of Blastocystis infection among rural Malaysian primary schoolchildren. Parasitology 139: 1014–1020.
-
9.
Lee IL, Tan TC, Tan PC, Nanthiney DR, Biraj MK, Surendra KM, Suresh KG, 2012. Predominance of Blastocystis sp. subtype 4 in rural communities, Nepal. Parasitol Res 110: 1553–1562.
-
10.
Yoshikawa H, Abe N, Iwasawa M, Kitano S, Nagano I, Wu Z, Takahashi Y, 2000. Genomic analysis of Blastocystis hominis strains isolated from two long-term health care facilities. J Clin Microbiol 38: 1324–1330.
-
11.
Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 2009. INMU ThaiGrowth. Available at: http://www.inmu.mahidol.ac.th/thaigrowth/. Accessed September 1, 2009.
-
12.
World Health Organization, 2005. The Treatment of Diarrhoea: A Manual for Physicians and Other Senior Health Workers. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press, 3–43.
-
13.
Yaicharoen R, Ngrenngarmlert W, Wongjindanon N, Sripochang S, Kiatfuengfoo R, 2006. Infection of Blastocystis hominis in primary schoolchildren from Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand. Trop Biomed 23: 117–122.
-
14.
Rayan P, Verghese S, McDonnell P, 2010. Geographical location and age affects the incidence of parasitic infestations in school children. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 53: 498–502.
-
15.
Leelayoova S, Taamasri P, Rangsin R, Naaglor T, Thathaisong U, Mungthin M, 2002. In-vitro cultivation: a sensitive method for detecting Blastocystis hominis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 96: 803–807.
-
16.
Roberts T, Barratt J, Harkness J, Ellis J, Stark D, 2011. Comparison of microscopy, culture, and conventional polymerase chain reaction for detection of Blastocystis sp. in clinical stool samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 308–312.
-
17.
El Safadi D, Gaayeb L, Meloni D, Cian A, Poirier P, Wawrzyniak I, Delbac F, Dabboussi F, Delhaes L, Seck M, Hamze M, Riveau G, Viscogliosi E, 2014. Children of Senegal River Basin show the highest prevalence of Blastocystis sp. ever observed worldwide. BMC Infect Dis 14: 164–174.
-
18.
Yoshikawa H, Dogruman-Ai F, Turk S, Kustimur S, Balaban N, Sultan N, 2011. Evaluation of DNA extraction kits for molecular diagnosis of human Blastocystis subtypes from fecal samples. Parasitol Res 109: 1045–1050.
-
19.
Yaicharoen R, Sripochang S, Sermsart B, Pidetcha P, 2005. Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis infection in asymptomatic individuals from Bangkok, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 36: 17–20.
-
20.
Abdulsalam AM, Ithoi I, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ahmed A, Surin J, Mak JW, 2012. Drinking water is a significant predictor of Blastocystis infection among rural Malaysian primary schoolchildren. Parasitology 139: 1014–1020.
-
21.
Anuar TS, Ghani MK, Azreen SN, Salleh FM, Moktar N, 2013. Blastocystis infection in Malaysia: evidence of waterborne and human-to-human transmissions among the Proto-Malay, Negrito and Senoi tribes of Orang Asli. Parasit Vectors 6: 40–51.
-
22.
Suresh K, Venilla G, Tan T, Rohela M, 2009. In vivo encystation of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res 104: 1373–1380.
-
23.
Zhou XB, Zhang X, Qiao JY, Cai J, Cheng S, Yuan Y, Li J, 2010. Encystation-survival of Blastocystis hominis in immunocompetent mice abdomen cavity. Parasitol Res 106: 1315–1320.
-
24.
Alemu A, Shiferaw Y, Getnet G, Yalew A, Addis Z, 2011. Opportunistic and other intestinal parasites among HIV/AIDS patients attending Gambi higher clinic in Bahir Dar city, north west Ethiopia. Asian Pac J Trop Med 4: 661–665.
-
25.
Kulkarni SV, Kairon R, Sane SS, Padmawar PS, Kale VA, Thakar MR, Mehendale SM, Risbud AR, 2009. Opportunistic parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients presenting with diarrhoea by the level of immunesuppression. Indian J Med Res 130: 63–66.
-
26.
Hailemariam G, Kassu A, Abebe G, Abate E, Damte D, Mekonnen E, Ota F, 2004. Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS and HIV seronegative individuals in a teaching hospital, Ethiopia. Jpn J Infect Dis 57: 41–43.
-
27.
Teklemariam Z, Abate D, Mitiku H, Dessie Y, 2013. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among HIV positive persons who are naive and on antiretroviral treatment in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, eastern Ethiopia. ISRN AIDS 11: 324329.
-
28.
Adamu H, Wegayehu T, Petros B, 2013. High prevalence of diarrhoegenic intestinal parasite infections among non-ART HIV patients in Fitche Hospital, Ethiopia. PLoS One 8: 72634.
-
29.
Tian LG, Chen JX, Wang TP, Cheng GJ, Steinmann P, Wang FF, Cai YC, Yin XM, Guo J, Zhou L, Zhou XN, 2012. Co-infection of HIV and intestinal parasites in rural area of China. Parasit Vectors 5: 36.
-
30.
Nielsen NO, Simonsen PE, Magnussen P, Magesa S, Friis H, 2006. Cross-sectional relationship between HIV, lymphatic filariasis and other parasitic infections in adults in coastal northeastern Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100: 543–550.
-
31.
Nielsen NO, Friis H, Magnussen P, Krarup H, Magesa S, 2007. Co-infection with subclinical HIV and Wuchereria bancrofti, and the role of malaria and hookworms, in adult Tanzanians: infection intensities, CD4/CD8 counts and cytokine responses. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 602–612.
-
32.
Pipatsatitpong D, Rangsin R, Leelayoova S, Naaglor T, Mungthin M, 2012. Incidence and risk factors of Blastocystis infection in an orphanage in Bangkok, Thailand. Parasit Vectors 5: 37.
-
33.
Thathaisong U, Worapong J, Mungthin M, Tan-Ariya P, Viputtigul K, Sudatis A, Noonai A, Leelayoova S, 2003. Blastocystis isolates from a pig and a horse are closely related to Blastocystis hominis. J Clin Microbiol 41: 967–975.
-
34.
Parkar U, Traub RJ, Kumar S, Mungthin M, Vitali S, Leelayoova S, Morris K, Thompson RC, 2007. Direct characterization of Blastocystis from faeces by PCR and evidence of zoonotic potential. Parasitology 134: 359–367.
-
35.
Tan TC, Suresh KG, Smith HV, 2008. Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Blastocystis hominis isolates implicates subtype 3 as a subtype with pathogenic potential. Parasitol Res 104: 85–93.
-
36.
Elwakil HS, Talaat RM, 2009. Genetic analysis of Blastocystis hominis isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic human hosts in Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 39: 99–109.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 679 | 584 | 67 |
| Full Text Views | 688 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 110 | 3 | 0 |